209 lines
30 KiB
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209 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="B9F7DE6E4169019894B6D9416209EC8F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5134.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6534805" ID-ZooBank="3C3F497E-7B50-4E49-8983-D773581F18FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1652171733176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander & Beamer, David A." docDate="2022" docId="DF5187BB532AFFF0FF5888ADFC3DD2AD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5134.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5134 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Salamandra symmetrica Harlan 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="2368FFC35329FFF4FFCF8D6DFFA9D37F" masterDocTitle="A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook’s North American Herpetology" masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1734705238574" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F5A4619135F281ED591D24BEE07775C3">A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook’s North American Herpetology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="104BDDA4286672DC222BAB7510181649">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5C482081D1838868484F02A0CBF73E35">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 rpyron @ colubroid. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2524 - 1794 & Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7EE6921AD0E2C004C629ACB030F73FD6" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B5B160F1ED201D5E89728BBAC63662E3">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="039A3A4495BA12BEBA0D6D434E069AC5">Department of Natural Sciences, Nash Community College, Rocky Mount, NC 27804</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2F8C2ECC5CD6CE9458B5FB2C77C689AF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AB214E55889D2C2BFC2B2A229C509442">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DB390B9C20AD08BFD8E849B681CCACA0">5134</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="1FE26526532AFFF7FF5888ADFDE7D6A4" box="[151,590,1472,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="574736AD532AFFF7FF5888ADFDE7D6A4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1471,2039]" box="[151,590,1472,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FF5888ADFDE7D6A4" ID-CoL="79B2J" authority="Harlan, 1825 c" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,590,1472,1499]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FF5888ADFE01D6A5" box="[151,424,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Salamandra symmetrica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FE6088ADFDE7D6A4" author="Harlan, R." box="[431,590,1472,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="154 - 158" refId="ref31565" refString="Harlan, R. (1825 c) Description of a variety of the Coluber fulvius, Linn. a new species of Scincus, and two new species of Salamandra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 154 - 158." type="journal article" year="1825">Harlan, 1825c</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FE26526532AFFF7FD9A88ACFB6DD6A5" box="[597,1220,1471,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="574736AD532AFFF7FD9A88ACFB6DD6A5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1471,2039]" box="[597,1220,1471,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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[
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FD9188ACFDC7D6A5" box="[606,622,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">=</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FDA188ACFB17D6A5" authority="Rafinesque, 1820" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[622,1214,1471,1498]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridescens" subGenus="Diemictylus">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FDA188ACFC59D6A5" box="[622,1008,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Triturus (Diemictylus) viridescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FC3888ADFB17D6A5" author="Rafinesque C. S." box="[1015,1214,1471,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="4 - 6" refId="ref34958" refString="Rafinesque C. S. (1820) III Class. Erpetia. - The reptiles. Annals of Nature, 1, 4 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106763" type="journal article" year="1820">Rafinesque, 1820</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FE26526532AFFF0FF088889FC3DD2AD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="574736AD532AFFF7FF088889FE3FD584" blockId="3.[151,1437,1471,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FF088889FE05D680" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[199,428,1508,1535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref32165" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 a) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, 125 pp., XXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook (1838a:59</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 11) next gave an account for another of Harlan’s species with an illustration by J. Sera, which is clearly describing the red eft stage of the Eastern Newt (
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FCB88B65FB01D55D" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[887,1192,1544,1570]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Notophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridescens">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FCB88B65FB01D55D" box="[887,1192,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Notophthalmus viridescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). In Holbrook’s time, efts were thought to be a distinct species or even a separate genus.
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FCBA8B41FBF3D538" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[885,1114,1580,1607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref32745" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1842 e) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Second Edition, Volume V. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, vi + 118 pp., XXXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4997" type="book" year="1842">Holbrook (1842e:57</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 17) reprinted the account nearly verbatim, with a slightly expanded description and a new plate from J. H. Richard.
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FB428B3DFAB4D514" author="Baird, S. F." box="[1165,1309,1616,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="281 - 294" refId="ref28266" refString="Baird, S. F. (1850) " 1849 " Revision of the North American Tailed-Batrachia, with descriptions of new genera and species. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2 (1), 281 - 294." type="journal article" year="1850">Baird (1850)</bibRefCitation>
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designated this name a junior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FDB28B18FB75D5F1" authority="Rafinesque, 1820" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[637,1244,1652,1678]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miniatus" subGenus="Notophthalmus">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FDB28B18FBA1D5F1" box="[637,1032,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Triturus (Notophthalmus) miniatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FBDD8B19FB75D5F1" author="Rafinesque C. S." box="[1042,1244,1652,1678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="4 - 6" refId="ref34958" refString="Rafinesque C. S. (1820) III Class. Erpetia. - The reptiles. Annals of Nature, 1, 4 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106763" type="journal article" year="1820">Rafinesque, 1820</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as he continued to speculate that efts and newts were distinct taxa.
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FD268BF5FC05D5CC" author="Hallowell, E." box="[745,940,1688,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="337 - 366" refId="ref31433" refString="Hallowell, E. (1858) On the Caducibranchiate Urodele Batrachians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 337 - 366." type="journal article" year="1858">Hallowell (1858)</bibRefCitation>
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first suggested that the names
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FAD88BF5FE25D5A9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FAD88BF5FA31D5CD" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1303,1432,1688,1714]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Notophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridescens">viridescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FF588BD0FF53D5A9" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,250,1725,1750]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miniatus">miniatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FECB8BD0FE21D5A9" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" box="[260,392,1725,1750]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symmetrica">symmetrica</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FE0F8BD1FDB3D5A9" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1829" box="[448,538,1724,1750]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FE0F8BD1FDB3D5A9" box="[448,538,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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all likely applied to varying forms of the same species. Holbrook did not mention Rafinesque’s
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FEE08B8CFE26D585" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[303,399,1761,1786]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miniatus">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FEE08B8CFE26D585" box="[303,399,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">miniatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="574736AD532AFFF7FF088A69FBA8D4AC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1471,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FF088A69FE21D461" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[199,392,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref32165" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 a) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, 125 pp., XXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook (1838a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FE5E8A69FE7FD461" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[401,470,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref32745" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1842 e) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Second Edition, Volume V. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, vi + 118 pp., XXXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4997" type="book" year="1842">1842e</bibRefCitation>
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) also noted that previous authors (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FC4E8A69FC40D461" author="Say, T." box="[897,1001,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="256 - 265" refId="ref35170" refString="Say, T. (1819) Notes on herpetology. The American Journal of Science, & c, 1 (2), 256 - 265." type="journal article" year="1819">Say 1819</bibRefCitation>
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) had confused
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FB428A69FE9CD43C" authority="Harlan, 1825 c" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FB428A69FA35D461" box="[1165,1436,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Salamandra symmetrica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FF588A45FE9CD43C" author="Harlan, R." box="[151,309,1832,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="154 - 158" refId="ref31565" refString="Harlan, R. (1825 c) Description of a variety of the Coluber fulvius, Linn. a new species of Scincus, and two new species of Salamandra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 154 - 158." type="journal article" year="1825">Harlan, 1825c</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(the red eft stage of the Eastern Newt) with
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FCD28A45FC65D43D" author="Catesby, M." box="[797,972,1832,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref29461" refString="Catesby, M. (1747) Appendix. In: Catesby, M. (Ed.), The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. " MDCCXXXI-MDCCXLIII. " Vol. 2. Printed at the expence of the author, and sold by W. Innys and R. Manby, at the West End of St. Paul's, by Mr. Hauksbee, at the Royal Society House, and by the author, at Mr. Bacon's in Hoxton, London, pp. 1 - 20." type="book" year="1747">Catesby (1747)</bibRefCitation>
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’s “stellio” (
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FB828A45FAFBD43D" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1101,1362,1832,1858]" class="Amphibia" family="Ambystomatidae" genus="Ambystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatum">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FB828A45FAFBD43D" box="[1101,1362,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Ambystoma maculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), until
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FF588A21FEEDD418" author="Harlan, R." box="[151,324,1868,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="154 - 158" refId="ref31565" refString="Harlan, R. (1825 c) Description of a variety of the Coluber fulvius, Linn. a new species of Scincus, and two new species of Salamandra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 154 - 158." type="journal article" year="1825">Harlan (1825c)</bibRefCitation>
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. Catesby had figured and described an animal he named
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FC728A21FAC4D419" box="[957,1389,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FC078A21FACDD419" authority="Americanus" authorityName="Americanus" box="[968,1380,1868,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Stellio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aquaticus" subSpecies="minor">Stellio aquaticus minor Americanus</taxonomicName>
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”
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</emphasis>
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and called “
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<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FF228A1DFEBED4F5" box="[237,279,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">The</emphasis>
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Spotted Eft.” Catesby’s description and illustration clearly refer to the Spotted Salamander (see account below). However, his use of the term “eft” and a strong reddish coloration in some editions of his plates seem to have misled some early workers into believing the account represented newts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="574736AD532AFFF0FF088AB1FC3DD2AD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1471,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,466]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
Curiously,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FE898AB1FDA4D489" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[326,525,2012,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref32165" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 a) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, 125 pp., XXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook (1838a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FDD28AB1FDCBD489" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[541,610,2012,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref32745" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1842 e) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Second Edition, Volume V. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, vi + 118 pp., XXXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4997" type="book" year="1842">1842e</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) attributed the putative synonym
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532AFFF7FC3E8AB1FB40D489" box="[1009,1257,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532AFFF7FC348AB1FB77D489" authorityName="De Kay" authorityYear="1842" box="[1019,1246,2012,2038]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellio">Salamandra stellio</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532AFFF7FADA8AB1FA3ED489" author="Say, T." box="[1301,1431,2012,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="256 - 265" refId="ref35170" refString="Say, T. (1819) Notes on herpetology. The American Journal of Science, & c, 1 (2), 256 - 265." type="journal article" year="1819">Say (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was repeated by later authors such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FD538DFAFCE5D3CE" author="De Kay, J. E." box="[668,844,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref29961" refString="De Kay, J. E. (1842) Zoology of New-York, or, The New-York Fauna: Comprising Detailed Descriptions of All the Animals Hitherto Observed within the State of New-York, with Brief Notices of those Occasionally Found Near its Borders, and Accompanied by Appropriate Illustrations. Part III. Reptiles and Amphibia. W. & A. White & J. Visscher, Albany, 98 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13735" type="book" year="1842">De Kay (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, no such name appears in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FB398DFAFADED3CE" author="Say, T." box="[1270,1399,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="256 - 265" refId="ref35170" refString="Say, T. (1819) Notes on herpetology. The American Journal of Science, & c, 1 (2), 256 - 265." type="journal article" year="1819">Say (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, or any other publication that we can determine. Rather, Say explicitly referred to resurrecting
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FB5B8DD6FB37D3AA" box="[1172,1182,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">“</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FB528DD6FF72D386" authority=", Gmel." authorityName="Gmel." class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FB528DD6FA35D3AB" box="[1181,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Salamandra punctata,</emphasis>
|
||
Gmel.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”—which he notes was based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FD878DB2FD5ED386" author="Catesby, M." box="[584,759,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref29461" refString="Catesby, M. (1747) Appendix. In: Catesby, M. (Ed.), The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. " MDCCXXXI-MDCCXLIII. " Vol. 2. Printed at the expence of the author, and sold by W. Innys and R. Manby, at the West End of St. Paul's, by Mr. Hauksbee, at the Royal Society House, and by the author, at Mr. Bacon's in Hoxton, London, pp. 1 - 20." type="book" year="1747">Catesby (1747)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FCC48DB2FC29D386" box="[779,896,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">“stelio”—</emphasis>
|
||
for the eft. This is
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FB868DB2FA98D385" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[1097,1329,223,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1033 - 1516" refId="ref30961" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne, systema naturae. Tom. I. Pars III. Beer, Lipsiae, 483 pp. [pp. 1033 - 1516]" type="book chapter" year="1789">Gmelin (1789:1076)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FF768C6EFDC9D262" authority="Linnaeus 1767: 370" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="370" authorityYear="1767" box="[185,608,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Lacerta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Reptiles" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FF768C6EFED5D263" box="[185,380,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Lacerta punctata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FE498C6EFDC9D262" author="Linnaeus, C. & Linne, C." box="[390,608,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref33809" refString="Linnaeus, C. [Linne, C. a] (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima tertia, ad editionem duodecimam reformatam Holmiensem. Trattnern, Vindobonae, 532 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 157601" type="book" year="1767">Linnaeus 1767:370</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FD4C8C6EFC25D262" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[643,908,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Ambystomatidae" genus="Ambystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FD4C8C6EFC25D262" box="[643,908,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Ambystoma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], which Say misidentified as an eft. Say also erroneously allocated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FE5A8C4AFD04D23E" authority="Shaw, 1802" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" box="[405,685,295,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Lacerta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Reptiles" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FE5A8C4AFDB4D23E" box="[405,541,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">L. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FDE78C4AFD04D23E" author="Shaw, G." box="[552,685,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref35444" refString="Shaw, G. (1802) General Zoology or Systematic Natural History. Vol. III. Amphibia. G. Kearsley, London, 615 pp." type="book" year="1802">Shaw, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FD1F8C4AFC70D23E" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[720,985,295,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Ambystomatidae" genus="Ambystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FD1F8C4AFC70D23E" box="[720,985,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Ambystoma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] to efts. Say instead knew the Spotted Salamander as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FEF18C26FDD3D21A" authority="Barton, 1804" authorityName="Barton" authorityYear="1804" box="[318,634,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Calyptocephalellidae" genus="Lacerta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Reptiles" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subviolacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FEF18C26FE48D21A" box="[318,481,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">L. subviolacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FE298C26FDD3D21A" author="Barton, B. S." box="[486,634,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="108 - 112" refId="ref28608" refString="Barton, B. S. (1804) Some account of a new species of North American lizard. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 6 (1), 108 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1004778" type="journal article" year="1804">Barton, 1804</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, despite Holbrook’s error of attribution and its later repetition by other authors, there does not seem to be any available name
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FC938C02FBFED2F6" box="[860,1111,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FCA98C02FBE1D2F6" authorityName="De Kay" authorityYear="1842" box="[870,1096,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellio">Salamandra stellio</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FB918C02FAA7D2F6" author="Catesby, M." box="[1118,1294,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref29461" refString="Catesby, M. (1747) Appendix. In: Catesby, M. (Ed.), The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. " MDCCXXXI-MDCCXLIII. " Vol. 2. Printed at the expence of the author, and sold by W. Innys and R. Manby, at the West End of St. Paul's, by Mr. Hauksbee, at the Royal Society House, and by the author, at Mr. Bacon's in Hoxton, London, pp. 1 - 20." type="book" year="1747">Catesby (1747)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s illustration and description and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C532DFFF0FE4F8CFEFDABD2D2" author="Say, T." box="[384,514,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="256 - 265" refId="ref35170" refString="Say, T. (1819) Notes on herpetology. The American Journal of Science, & c, 1 (2), 256 - 265." type="journal article" year="1819">Say (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s comments are involved in a long and complex tangle of names related to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FF588CDAFE6ED2AE" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[151,455,439,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Notophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FF588CDAFE6ED2AE" box="[151,455,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Notophthalmus viridescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E532DFFF0FE318CDAFCAAD2AE" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[510,771,439,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Ambystomatidae" genus="Ambystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF532DFFF0FE318CDAFCAAD2AE" box="[510,771,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Ambystoma maculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |