604 lines
76 KiB
XML
604 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="9D34670D0ACE1EB3A73BCACE08908BA1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5134.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6534805" ID-ZooBank="3C3F497E-7B50-4E49-8983-D773581F18FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1652171733176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander & Beamer, David A." docDate="2022" docId="DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5134.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5134 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Salamandra auriculata Holbrook 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="2368FFC35329FFF4FFCF8D6DFFA9D37F" masterDocTitle="A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook’s North American Herpetology" masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1734705238574" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BAEF1111A518F4EDE69E7D36153988A9">A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook’s North American Herpetology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F74408FF9EC4D22E8A1A242240A2F9C3">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2861C06BB3B6ED700E09E7CE89FF9A81">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 rpyron @ colubroid. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2524 - 1794 & Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C24AD96CE2CB60AF6E7F48582A3C22B4" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6970D10F28A63256CFCDB0E29ADE9B00">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="97E0F3D60E68843E0C8906D4A3C4DC62">Department of Natural Sciences, Nash Community College, Rocky Mount, NC 27804</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="85231CDFF5B805D843426CDB6BD050D6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C9E990646FAA316AF8C68A46B707815C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B8E301A83034C8E9164F858C515D6BA">5134</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="574736AD5325FFF8FF588CB6FD48D28A" blockId="12.[151,1437,474,2014]" box="[151,737,474,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FF588CB6FD3CD28A" authority="Holbrook, 1838 b: 115" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,661,474,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculata">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FF588CB6FE35D28A" box="[151,412,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Salamandra auriculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FE6C8CB6FD3CD28A" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[419,661,474,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref32226" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 b) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook, 1838b:115</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 28
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="574736AD5325FFF8FF088C92FB4FD046" blockId="12.[151,1437,474,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FF088C92FE9BD166" box="[199,306,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Holbrook</collectorName>
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authored the original description (
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FD7F8C92FCC3D165" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[688,874,511,538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref32226" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 b) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook 1838b</bibRefCitation>
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) of the species currently recognized as
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FAD18C92FE70D142" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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Holbrook’s
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<location id="522760765325FFF8FF588F4EFE70D142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FF588F4EFE70D142" box="[151,473,547,573]" country="Georgia" municipality="Southern Dusky Salamander" name="Southern Dusky Salamander" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Southern Dusky Salamander</location>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FE2B8F4EFCBBD142" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[484,786,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FE2B8F4EFCBBD142" box="[484,786,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FC838F4EFC70D142" author="Means, D. B." box="[844,985,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref33927" refString="Means, D. B. (1999) Desmognathus auriculatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 681, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1999">Means 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FC2A8F4EFB06D142" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[997,1199,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref33952" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Means
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FBF98F4EFBC7D142" box="[1078,1134,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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) with a brief account and an illustration by
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FE5E8F2AFDA0D11E" box="[401,521,583,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">C. Rogers.</collectorName>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FDDE8F2AFD50D11E" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[529,761,583,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref32745" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1842 e) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Second Edition, Volume V. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, vi + 118 pp., XXXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4997" type="book" year="1842">Holbrook (1842e:47</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 12) reprinted the account with an expanded description and the same drawing, recolored.
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FDD08F06FDE2D1FA" box="[543,587,619,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">The</collectorName>
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characters and drawing leave little doubt that this is the swamp-dwelling
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<collectingMunicipality id="B723ACD75325FFF8FF588FE2FE72D1D6" box="[151,475,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Southern Dusky Salamander</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FE248FE2FD3DD1D6" author="Petranka, J. W." box="[491,660,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref34319" refString="Petranka, J. W. (2010) Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Books, Washington, 592 pp." type="book" year="2010">Petranka 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FD6F8FE2FCDCD1D5" author="Powell, R. & Conant, R. & Collins, J. T." box="[672,885,655,682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref34383" refString="Powell, R., Conant, R. & Collins, J. T. (2016) Peterson field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, 512 pp." type="book" year="2016">
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Powell
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FD388FE2FC98D1D6" box="[759,817,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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), though this name has historically been applied to at least three distinct species, at least two of which occur near the
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<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FC568FDEFC60D1B2" box="[921,969,691,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
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locality in southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FB148FDEFA9CD1B2" box="[1243,1333,691,717]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FA8C8FDEFEE2D18E" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="143 - 153" refId="ref28714" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2008) Dusky salamanders (Desmognathus, Plethodontidae) from the Coastal Plain: Multiple independent lineages and their bearing on the molecular phylogeny of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, 143 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.01.015" type="journal article" year="2008">Beamer and Lamb 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FE988FBAFD8CD18E" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[343,549,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref33952" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Means
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FE658FBAFE4AD18E" box="[426,483,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FDFE8FBAFCAED18D" author="Pyron, R. A. & Beamer, D. A. & Holzheuser, C. R. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Wynn, A. H. & O'Connell, K. A." box="[561,775,727,754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="375 - 386" refId="ref34624" refString="Pyron, R. A., Beamer, D. A., Holzheuser, C. R., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Wynn, A. H. & O'Connell, K. A. (2022 a) Contextualizing enigmatic extinctions using genomic DNA from fluid-preserved museum specimens of Desmognathus salamanders. Conservation Genetics, 23, 375 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10592 - 021 - 01424 - 4" type="journal article" year="2022">
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Pyron
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FDB38FBAFD1CD18E" box="[636,693,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
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2022a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,b). Most crucially for the purposes of allocation, Holbrook stated: “The specimens from which the above description was taken came from Riceborough, in
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<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FB008F96FA85D06A" box="[1231,1324,763,789]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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, and were furnished me by my friend
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FE068E72FDE6D046" box="[457,591,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Dr. Harden.</collectorName>
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” This is present-day Riceboro, in
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<collectingCounty id="BE264E215325FFF8FC028E72FBD3D046" box="[973,1146,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Liberty County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FB4A8E72FB4BD046" box="[1157,1250,799,825]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="574736AD5325FFF8FF088E2EFADBD726" blockId="12.[151,1437,474,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FF088E2EFDF3D022" box="[199,602,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Dr. John McPherson Berrien Harden</collectorName>
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(1810–1848) was a renowned physician of the mid-19th century in
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<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FA8C8E2EFA34D022" box="[1347,1437,835,861]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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who resided, after 1833, with his wife Jane LeConte at Woodmanston, the family plantation in
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<collectingCounty id="BE264E215325FFF8FB278E0AFA30D0FE" box="[1256,1433,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Liberty County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FF588EE6FF5DD0DA" box="[151,244,907,933]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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, near Riceboro (
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FE678EE6FDF8D0DA" author="Stephens, L. D." box="[424,593,906,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="402 - 415" refId="ref35762" refString="Stephens, L. D. (1975) Of Mercury, Moses, and Medicine: Views of Dr. John M. B. Harden. The Georgia Historical Quarterly, 59, 402 - 415." type="journal article" year="1975">Stephens 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). The LeConte family produced numerous well-known naturalists (
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FAF78EE6FF7AD0B6" author="Barnhart, J. H." pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="135 - 138" refId="ref28548" refString="Barnhart, J. H. (1917) John Eatton Le Conte. The American Midland Naturalist, 5, 135 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2992778" type="journal article" year="1917">Barnhart 1917</bibRefCitation>
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). Indeed, there are specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FD948EC2FC24D0B6" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[603,909,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FD948EC2FC24D0B6" box="[603,909,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected by “LeConte” in both Philadelphia (ANSP 14005–19) and Paris (MNHN-RA 0.4665), most likely from Maj. John
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FBE88EBEFAADD092" box="[1063,1284,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Eatton LeConte, Jr.</collectorName>
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Accordingly, it seems likely that any specimens of Harden’s were likely collected at or near his home (
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FB668E9AFAFFD76E" author="Stephens, L. D." box="[1193,1366,1015,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="447 - 458" refId="ref35801" refString="Stephens, L. D. (1997) John Edwards Holbrook (1794 - 1871) and Lewis Reeve Gibbes (1810 - 1894): exemplary naturalists in the Old South. In: Pietsch, T. W. & Anderson, W. D. (Eds.), Collection Building in Ichthyology and Herpetology, Special Publication No. 3. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 447 - 458." type="book chapter" year="1997">Stephens 1997</bibRefCitation>
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), now preserved as LeConte-Woodmanston Plantation and Botanical Gardens National Historic Site (NRHP 73000626), ~
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<quantity id="90009B485325FFF8FF6A8953FF70D726" box="[165,217,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="km" value="5.0">5km</quantity>
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SW of present-day Riceboro. Therefore, we regard this as the
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<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FC5A8952FC6CD726" box="[917,965,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
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locality under Recommendation 76A.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="574736AD5325FFF8FF08890EFECAD6BE" blockId="12.[151,1437,474,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FF08890EFE3CD701" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[199,405,1123,1150]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref32226" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 b) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook (1838b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly referred to a series of primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FC91890EFC69D702" box="[862,960,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(“[t]he specimens from which the above description was taken...”), but their disposition is currently unknown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FC0089EAFB3DD7DE" author="Hallowell, E." box="[975,1172,1158,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="337 - 366" refId="ref31433" refString="Hallowell, E. (1858) On the Caducibranchiate Urodele Batrachians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 337 - 366." type="journal article" year="1858">Hallowell (1858)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that there were “
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245325FFF8FF6C89C6FE99D7BA" box="[163,304,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in Mus. Acad. [ANSP], presented by
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FD2689C6FCFAD7BA" box="[745,851,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Dr. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
and Prof. Holbrook.” Examination of the holdings of the ANSP reveals
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245325FFF8FE4489A2FD9AD796" box="[395,563,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from “
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FD4989A2FD5FD796" box="[646,758,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Dr. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
” with the locality “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FC1889A2FB91D796" box="[983,1080,1231,1257]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,” but none from
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FB3289A2FE28D672" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Holbrook. Dr. William Louis Jones</collectorName>
|
||
(1827–1914) was raised on a plantation adjacent to
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FC16899EFBD4D672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FC16899EFBD4D672" box="[985,1149,1267,1293]" country="Georgia" county="Jones" municipality="Upon" name="Woodmanston" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Woodmanston</location>
|
||
, and often collected with the older
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FEC8887AFEF0D64E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FEC8887AFEF0D64E" box="[263,345,1303,1329]" country="Georgia" county="Jones" municipality="Upon" name="Harden" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Harden</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FEA4887AFDB1D64E" author="Stephens, L. D." box="[363,536,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="447 - 458" refId="ref35801" refString="Stephens, L. D. (1997) John Edwards Holbrook (1794 - 1871) and Lewis Reeve Gibbes (1810 - 1894): exemplary naturalists in the Old South. In: Pietsch, T. W. & Anderson, W. D. (Eds.), Collection Building in Ichthyology and Herpetology, Special Publication No. 3. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 447 - 458." type="book chapter" year="1997">Stephens 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FDE1887AFDE6D64E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FDE1887AFDE6D64E" box="[558,591,1303,1329]" country="Georgia" county="Jones" municipality="Upon" name="He" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">He</location>
|
||
donated many amphibian and reptile specimens to the ANSP, MCZ, and USNM, but only beginning after
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FDC08856FDDDD62A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FDC08856FDDDD62A" box="[527,628,1339,1365]" country="Georgia" county="Jones" municipality="Upon" name="Harden's" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Harden’s</location>
|
||
death, and was only 11 years old when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FBF58856FAB1D629" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[1082,1304,1339,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref32226" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 b) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook’s (1838b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description was published.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B723ACD75325FFF8FE868832FE2ED606" box="[329,391,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Upon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
examination, the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BE264E215325FFF8FD998832FD3DD606" box="[598,660,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Jones</collectingCounty>
|
||
specimens (ANSP 938–939) are clearly referable to
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FB398832FE26D6E2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FB398832FEBED6E2" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="auriculatus">Desmognathus auriculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EBF57C45325FFF8FED188EEFE26D6E2" box="[286,399,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but lack precise locality data beyond “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FC8D88EEFC08D6E2" box="[834,929,1411,1437]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
” and cannot be assigned to a specific genetic lineage at present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5325FFF8FF0888A6FAFFD5E6" blockId="12.[151,1437,474,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
|
||
Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FEA588A6FE5ED699" author="Cope, E. D." box="[362,503,1483,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="93 - 118" refId="ref29689" refString="Cope, E. D. (1869) A review of the species of Plethodontidae and Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 21, 93 - 118." type="journal article" year="1869">Cope (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245325FFF8FDB388A6FCBDD69A" box="[636,788,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in the lot USNM 3901 labeled “Riceboro, Ga., Dr. Jones,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FF588882FE92D576" box="[151,315,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="variety" variety="auriculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FF588882FE92D576" box="[151,315,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">var. auriculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in his account of
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FDC78882FCABD576" box="[520,770,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FDC78882FD57D576" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[520,766,1519,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">Desmognathus fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FCC88882FC03D576" author="Yarrow, H. C." box="[775,938,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 249" refId="ref36526" refString="Yarrow, H. C. (1882) Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia, with catalogue of specimens in U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 24, 1 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.24.1" type="journal article" year="1882">Yarrow (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the collections of the USNM, of which those received by Dr. W. L. Jones range in date from 1851 to 1861, and for which he also only records
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245325FFF8FADC8B7EFA34D552" box="[1299,1437,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
cataloged under USNM 3901.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FE228B5AFDD4D52E" author="Dunn, E. R." box="[493,637,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="393 - 433" refId="ref30235" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1917) The salamanders of the genera Desmognathus and Leurognathus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53, 393 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.53 - 2211.393" type="journal article" year="1917">Dunn (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FCE98B5AFCFFD52E" box="[806,854,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is “not known to exist,” noting that he examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245325FFF8FA4F8B5AFEA5D50A" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in USNM 3901 from Riceboro and recording that they were from the “(type-locality).”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FB188B36FACFD509" author="Dunn, E. R." box="[1239,1382,1627,1654]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref30281" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1926) The salamanders of the family Plethodontidae. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 446 pp." type="book" year="1926">Dunn (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then stated unequivocally that USNM 3901, consisting of
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245325FFF8FD248B12FC2AD5E6" box="[747,899,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
he examined, represented the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FB188B12FAAED5E6" box="[1239,1287,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5325FFF9FF088BCEFC97D3A9" blockId="12.[151,1437,474,2014]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FF088BCEFF71D5C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FF088BCEFF71D5C2" box="[199,216,1699,1725]" country="Georgia" county="Adler" municipality="Article" name="It" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">It</location>
|
||
is possible that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FE568BCEFD92D5C1" author="Cope, E. D." box="[409,571,1699,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="93 - 118" refId="ref29689" refString="Cope, E. D. (1869) A review of the species of Plethodontidae and Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 21, 93 - 118." type="journal article" year="1869">Cope’s (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identification of USNM 3901 as
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FC0A8BCEFB25D5C2" box="[965,1164,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FC008BCEFB28D5C2" box="[975,1153,1699,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="variety" variety="auriculata">var. auriculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in a table of numerous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5325FFF8FF588BAAFE23D59E" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[151,394,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FF588BAAFE23D59E" box="[151,394,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Desmognathus fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens formed the basis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FD298BAAFCD3D59D" author="Dunn, E. R." box="[742,890,1735,1762]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref30281" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1926) The salamanders of the family Plethodontidae. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 446 pp." type="book" year="1926">Dunn (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s identification of that material as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FAD08BAAFAE6D59E" box="[1311,1359,1735,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FF588B86FF64D47A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FF588B86FF64D47A" box="[151,205,1771,1797]" country="Georgia" county="Adler" municipality="Article" name="Note" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Note</location>
|
||
that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FEC78B86FE3CD479" author="Cope, E. D." box="[264,405,1771,1798]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="93 - 118" refId="ref29689" refString="Cope, E. D. (1869) A review of the species of Plethodontidae and Desmognathidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 21, 93 - 118." type="journal article" year="1869">Cope (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not identify them as
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FD7B8B86FD5AD47A" box="[692,755,1771,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FD318B86FC8AD47A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FD318B86FC8AD47A" box="[766,803,1771,1797]" country="Georgia" county="Adler" municipality="Article" name="We" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">We</location>
|
||
find no reference in
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FBDD8B86FBCAD47A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FBDD8B86FBCAD47A" box="[1042,1123,1771,1797]" country="Georgia" county="Adler" municipality="Article" name="Dunn's" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Dunn’s</location>
|
||
writings between 1917 and 1926 to explain his sudden reversal and acceptance of USNM 3901 as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FC3D8A62FB8FD456" box="[1010,1062,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="522760765325FFF8FBFD8A62FBFAD456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765325FFF8FBFD8A62FBFAD456" box="[1074,1107,1807,1833]" country="Georgia" county="Adler" municipality="Article" name="He" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">He</location>
|
||
may have intended a sort of “neosyntype” designation, though this would not be valid under
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B723ACD75325FFF8FCB18A5EFC65D432" box="[894,972,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Article</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
75.3, as there was no explicit statement of intent or characters.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FE6F8A3AFDF8D40D" author="Cochran, D. M." box="[416,593,1879,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 291" refId="ref29637" refString="Cochran, D. M. (1961) Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 220, 1 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26967" type="journal article" year="1961">Cochran (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not list USNM
|
||
<quantity id="90009B485325FFF8FCF98A3AFC24D40E" box="[822,909,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.90854" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="in" value="3901.0">3901 in</quantity>
|
||
her catalog of
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FBF58A3AFBDCD40E" box="[1082,1141,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">types</typeStatus>
|
||
held at the USNM.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FA938A3AFF4BD4E9" author="Adler, K." pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref27938" refString="Adler, K. (1976) New genera and species described in Holbrook's " North American Herpetology ". In: Adler, K. (Ed.), Holbrook's North American Herpetology by John Edwards Holbrook. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio, pp. xxix - xlii." type="book" year="1976">Adler (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that the catalog entry for USNM 3901 lists “Riceboro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5325FFF8FC5A8A16FC5BD4EA" box="[917,1010,1915,1941]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
” without a date or collector, while the species card entry lists “
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FE6E8AF2FDF9D4C6" box="[417,592,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Dr. W. L. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
” as the collector (
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5325FFF8FCD98AF2FC26D4C6" box="[790,911,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">R.L. Crom</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5325FFF8FC408AF2FBAED4C7" box="[911,1031,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">bie, pers. c</emphasis>
|
||
omm. to
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BE264E215325FFF8FBA78AF2FB03D4C6" box="[1128,1194,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Adler</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2346106D5325FFF8FB7B8AF2FAE5D4C5" box="[1204,1356,1951,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1976-05-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3302E9855325FFF8FB7B8AF2FAE5D4C5" box="[1204,1356,1951,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1976-05-17">17 May 1976</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FA938AF2FF4BD4A1" author="Adler, K." pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refId="ref27938" refString="Adler, K. (1976) New genera and species described in Holbrook's " North American Herpetology ". In: Adler, K. (Ed.), Holbrook's North American Herpetology by John Edwards Holbrook. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio, pp. xxix - xlii." type="book" year="1976">Adler (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discounted the possibility that USNM 3901 represents the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5325FFF8FCA08AAEFC36D4A2" box="[879,927,1987,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, because of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5325FFF8FBA08AAEFA8BD4A1" author="Cochran, D. M." box="[1135,1314,1987,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 291" refId="ref29637" refString="Cochran, D. M. (1961) Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 220, 1 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26967" type="journal article" year="1961">Cochran (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s omission thereof, and the discrepancy between Holbrook’s assertion that “
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FCB68DFAFC55D3CE" box="[889,1020,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Dr. Harden</collectorName>
|
||
” furnished him with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FAD38DFAFAE5D3CE" box="[1308,1356,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, while “
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FF288DD6FEFDD3AA" box="[231,340,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Dr. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
” collected the USNM material (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5324FFF9FF088DB2FB85D2D2" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Our examination of USNM 3901 revealed only a single specimen in the jar, clearly referable to
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FB398DB2FE3ED262" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FB398DB2FEBED262" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="auriculatus">Desmognathus auriculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EBF57C45324FFF9FED18C6EFE3BD262" box="[286,402,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with the collection information as listed above: “
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FC0D8C6EFBC2D262" box="[962,1131,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Dr. W.L. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
—Riceboro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FB338C6EFAF5D262" box="[1276,1372,259,285]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.” The original lot of 12 was cataloged
|
||
<date id="2346106D5324FFF9FE348C4AFD09D23E" box="[507,672,294,321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1858-08-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3302E9855324FFF9FE348C4AFD09D23E" box="[507,672,294,321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1858-08-02">2 August 1858</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, and the 12
|
||
<superScript id="A08D9BE55324FFF9FCD28C4BFC83D24B" attach="left" box="[797,810,294,308]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">th</superScript>
|
||
specimen was later marked by Cope as being destroyed. The remaining
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245324FFF9FE8E8C26FE77D21A" box="[321,478,331,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="generic">ten specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were re-catalogued as USNM 271136–45 on
|
||
<date id="2346106D5324FFF9FC158C26FB19D21A" box="[986,1200,331,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1986-12-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3302E9855324FFF9FC158C26FB19D21A" box="[986,1200,331,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1986-12-30">30 December 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. It seems improbable that ANSP 938–9 or USNM 3901 are Harden’s specimens on which the description is based but were instead collected and donated by Jones much later, albeit from at or near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FC548CFEFC62D2D2" box="[923,971,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5324FFF9FF088CDAFD8ED1B2" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FF228CDAFE11D2AD" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[237,440,439,466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref32226" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 b) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook (1838b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions only the few specimens received from Harden and no further collections of his own in subsequent editions, discovery of any contemporaneous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FCBC8CB6FB0AD28A" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[883,1187,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FCBC8CB6FB0AD28A" box="[883,1187,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens associated with Holbrook would likely represent primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FD6E8C92FCAED166" box="[673,775,511,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. No specimens in the ANSP or MCZ collections are known to have originated with Harden or Holbrook. We previously stated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FC508F4EFB10D142" author="Pyron, R. A. & Beamer, D. A." box="[927,1209,547,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="221 - 247" refId="ref34425" refString="Pyron, R. A. & Beamer, D. A. (2020) The herpetological legacy of Jacob Green and the nomenclature of some North American lizards and salamanders. Zootaxa, 4838 (2), 221 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4838.2.4" type="journal article" year="2020">Pyron and Beamer 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that a specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FF588F2AFEBED11E" box="[151,279,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FF6C8F2AFEA5D11E" box="[163,268,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">D. niger</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Holbrook (ANSP 14001) was probably the specimen referred to by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FBB68F2AFA97D11E" author="Hallowell, E." box="[1145,1342,582,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="337 - 366" refId="ref31433" refString="Hallowell, E. (1858) On the Caducibranchiate Urodele Batrachians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 337 - 366." type="journal article" year="1858">Hallowell (1858)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but we now conclude this is incorrect. Rather, ANSP 14001 is most probably the exemplar of
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FBAD8F06FAA1D1FA" box="[1122,1288,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FBA38F06FB54D1FA" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1132,1277,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">Triton niger</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FF588FE2FECAD1D6" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[151,355,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref32745" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1842 e) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Second Edition, Volume V. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, vi + 118 pp., XXXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4997" type="book" year="1842">Holbrook (1842e)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which represents in part what is now called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FC908FE2FBEFD1D6" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1840" box="[863,1094,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadramaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FC908FE2FBEFD1D6" box="[863,1094,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">D. quadramaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see accounts for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FADC8FE2FEF0D1B2" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1840" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculo-quadrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FADC8FE2FEF0D1B2" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Salamandra maculo-quadrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FE5F8FDEFDBED1B3" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[400,535,691,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FE5F8FDEFDBED1B3" box="[400,535,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Triton niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5324FFF9FF088FBAFE99D702" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Fortuitously, a specimen in Paris is probably referable to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FC438FBAFC15D18E" box="[908,956,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. As noted above,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FB168FBAFA35D18E" author="Hallowell, E." box="[1241,1436,726,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="337 - 366" refId="ref31433" refString="Hallowell, E. (1858) On the Caducibranchiate Urodele Batrachians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 337 - 366." type="journal article" year="1858">Hallowell (1858)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<specimenCount id="41FEFD245324FFF9FF138F96FE38D06A" box="[220,401,763,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FE778F96FD75D06A" box="[440,732,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FE0D8F96FD7BD06A" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[450,722,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatum">Plethodon auriculatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the ANSP, presented by
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FBDA8F96FBD6D06A" box="[1045,1151,763,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Dr. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FB788F96FA34D06A" box="[1207,1437,763,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Prof. Holbrook. The</collectorName>
|
||
ANSP catalog notes only two (ANSP 938–9) from
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FD2A8E72FCFAD046" box="[741,851,799,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Dr. Jones</collectorName>
|
||
, in an entry completed in the 1890’s at the earliest (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FF018E2EFEC7D022" author="Malnate, E. V." box="[206,366,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="345 - 375" refId="ref33881" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1971) A catalog of primary types in the herpetological collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 123, 345 - 375." type="journal article" year="1971">Malnate 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FEB28E2EFD33D022" author="Pyron, R. A. & Beamer, D. A." box="[381,666,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="221 - 247" refId="ref34425" refString="Pyron, R. A. & Beamer, D. A. (2020) The herpetological legacy of Jacob Green and the nomenclature of some North American lizards and salamanders. Zootaxa, 4838 (2), 221 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4838.2.4" type="journal article" year="2020">Pyron and Beamer 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FD618E2EFD73D022" box="[686,730,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">The</collectorName>
|
||
third specimen from
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FC198E2EFBE8D022" box="[982,1089,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Holbrook</collectorName>
|
||
is unaccounted for but would undoubtedly be considered a
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FE178E0AFDA1D0FE" box="[472,520,871,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
|
||
if extant.
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FDBC8E0AFD6ED0FE" box="[627,711,871,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Among</collectorName>
|
||
the specimens sent to the MNHN by
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FB928E0AFB62D0FE" box="[1117,1227,871,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Hallowell</collectorName>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="2346106D5324FFF9FB238E0AFA35D0FE" box="[1260,1436,870,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1856-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3302E9855324FFF9FB238E0AFA35D0FE" box="[1260,1436,870,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1856-12">December 1856</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
is one recorded in the MNHN exchange ledger (“
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FD098EE6FC5FD0D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FD098EE6FC5FD0D9" box="[710,1014,907,934]" country="Georgia" county="Rather" municipality="Hallowell" name="Inventaire des Collections" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Inventaire des Collections</location>
|
||
”) vol. 42 (2), page 82 as
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FAD58EE6FE99D0B6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FAEB8EE6FE8FD0B6" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatum">Plethodon auriculatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FEBA8EC2FDADD0B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FEBA8EC2FDADD0B6" box="[373,516,943,969]" country="Georgia" county="Rather" municipality="Hallowell" name="Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Philadelphia</location>
|
||
, cataloged as
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FD6D8EC2FC46D0B6" box="[674,1007,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FD638EC2FC4FD0B6" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[684,998,943,969]" class="Diplopoda" genus="Cylindrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Callipodida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auriculatum">Cylindrosoma auriculatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FBDB8EC2FBE6D0B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FBDB8EC2FBE6D0B6" box="[1044,1103,943,969]" country="Georgia" county="Rather" municipality="Hallowell" name="Paris" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Paris</location>
|
||
, with a locality of “Georgie.”
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FF588EBEFF6AD092" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FF588EBEFF6AD092" box="[151,195,979,1005]" country="Georgia" county="Rather" municipality="Hallowell" name="The" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">The</location>
|
||
MNHN catalog vol. 1, page 123 lists it as MNHN-RA 0.4675, a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FC7C8EBEFB4BD092" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[947,1250,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FC7C8EBEFB4BD092" box="[947,1250,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FAFC8EBEFA3BD092" box="[1331,1426,979,1005]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgie</collectingCountry>
|
||
” with
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FF008E9AFE94D76E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FF008E9AFE94D76E" box="[207,317,1015,1041]" country="Georgia" county="Rather" municipality="Hallowell" name="Hallowell" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Hallowell</location>
|
||
as the collector.
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FE398E9AFDBCD76E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FE398E9AFDBCD76E" box="[502,533,1015,1041]" country="Georgia" county="Rather" municipality="Hallowell" name="As" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">As</location>
|
||
described previously, it does not appear that
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B723ACD75324FFF9FBC68E9AFBDED76E" box="[1033,1143,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Hallowell</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
himself actually collected salamanders in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FE648976FDA1D74A" box="[427,520,1051,1077]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BE264E215324FFF9FDDD8976FDF7D74A" box="[530,606,1051,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Rather</collectingCounty>
|
||
, some of the specimens he sent from the ANSP likely lacked collector data or labels, and the MNHN did not distinguish between collector and donor in such instances (
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FB5E8952FAAAD726" box="[1169,1283,1087,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">A. Dubois</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FAF98952FA30D726" box="[1334,1433,1087,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">A. Ohler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FF58890EFE89D703" box="[151,288,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">pers. comm.</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5324FFF9FF0889EAFD64D576" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Thus, it seems very likely that this specimen, MNHN-RA 0.4675, is the third specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FB3989EAFEBED7BA" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FB3989EAFEBED7BA" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FE4689C6FDE4D7BA" author="Hallowell, E." box="[393,589,1194,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="337 - 366" refId="ref31433" refString="Hallowell, E. (1858) On the Caducibranchiate Urodele Batrachians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 337 - 366." type="journal article" year="1858">Hallowell (1858)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from Holbrook (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFC32A285324FFF9FCD989C6FCF5D7BA" box="[790,860,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,201,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[207,1380,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustration of a primary syntype of Salamandra auriculata Holbrook, 1838b, and a specimen (MNHN-RA 0.4675) from “Georgie [Woodmanston Plantation near Riceboro, Liberty County, Georgia],” here designated as lectotype, in dorsal (a, c) and ventral (b, d) views. The remaining primary syntypes of unknown number and disposition thereby become paralectotypes. This is a “type by association” (Bell 1996; Pyron and Beamer 2020), as we infer that it is the ANSP specimen from Holbrook described by Hallowell (1858), sent by Hallowell from Philadelphia to the MNHN in Paris in December 1856. Grid is in cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6534816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6534816/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, we conclude that it is part of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FAA389C6FA35D7BA" box="[1388,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series from Woodmanston, collected by Harden and donated by Holbrook to the ANSP, before being transferred to the MNHN by Hallowell in
|
||
<date id="2346106D5324FFF9FE1E899EFD2FD672" box="[465,646,1266,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1856-12">December 1856</date>
|
||
. The specimen is shorter (~
|
||
<quantity id="90009B485324FFF9FC76899FFB84D671" box="[953,1069,1266,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="in" value="3.5">3.5 inches</quantity>
|
||
) than the total length of
|
||
<quantity id="90009B485324FFF9FA8F899FFA34D672" box="[1344,1437,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="in" value="5.0">5 inches</quantity>
|
||
given in the description, but this was based on a series. Furthermore, we suggest that this specimen may be the one illustrated in pl. 28, given that it matches the description of color pattern, and that Holbrook apparently preferentially preserved and deposited his illustrated specimens in Philadelphia. Specifically, the diagnostic white “portholes” on the lateral surfaces of the tail and body that characterize many populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FBCC88EEFB0CD6E2" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1027,1189,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FBCC88EEFB0CD6E2" box="[1027,1189,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reduced or absent in both MNHN-RA 0.4765 and the specimen figured in pl. 28. The specimen is well-preserved, to the extent that other color pattern features are visible on the dorsal and ventral surfaces, and the absence of the portholes does not appear to be a consequence of age or preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5324FFF9FF088B7EFC6ED4EA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Therefore, we designate MNHN-RA 0.4675 as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FCCB8B7EFCC2D552" box="[772,875,1555,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FC5E8B7EFAF6D552" authority="Holbrook, 1838 b" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1838" box="[913,1375,1555,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FC5E8B7EFB3FD552" box="[913,1174,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Salamandra auriculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FB528B7EFAF6D552" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[1181,1375,1555,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref32226" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838 b) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. II. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook, 1838b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the type locality of Woodmanston Plantation near Riceboro,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BE264E215324FFF9FC878B5AFC64D52E" box="[840,973,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Liberty Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FC158B5AFB9ED52E" box="[986,1079,1591,1617]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FB1A8B5AFA8ED52E" box="[1237,1319,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Harden</collectorName>
|
||
sometime between 1833 and 1838.
|
||
<collectorName id="FA0D537B5324FFF9FE738B36FE41D50A" box="[444,488,1627,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">The</collectorName>
|
||
remaining primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FD1F8B36FC9BD50A" box="[720,818,1627,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of unknown number and disposition thereby become
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5324FFF9FF588B12FE95D5E6" box="[151,316,1663,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FE858B12FDA5D5E6" author="Hallowell, E." box="[330,524,1662,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="337 - 366" refId="ref31433" refString="Hallowell, E. (1858) On the Caducibranchiate Urodele Batrachians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 337 - 366." type="journal article" year="1858">Hallowell (1858)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the “habitat” of the species as “Riceboro’,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FBBC8B12FB79D5E6" box="[1139,1232,1663,1689]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FAE78B12FA27D5E6" box="[1320,1422,1663,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,” apparently the first reference to populations outside of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FCCC8BCEFCC9D5C2" box="[771,864,1699,1725]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FCA58BCEFC20D5C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FCA58BCEFC20D5C2" box="[874,905,1699,1725]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Populations" name="As" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">As</location>
|
||
MNHN-RA 0.4675 bears a locality of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FA8C8BCEFA34D5C2" box="[1347,1437,1699,1725]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
dating to at least 1856, it is possible that this “South
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FD008BAAFC9BD59E" box="[719,818,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
” reference is simply to
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FBFE8BAAFA84D59E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FBFE8BAAFA84D59E" box="[1073,1325,1735,1761]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Populations" name="Holbrook's Charleston" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Holbrook’s Charleston</location>
|
||
residence as with many of his specimens, that the
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FDAE8B86FD36D47A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FDAE8B86FD36D47A" box="[609,671,1771,1797]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Populations" name="Jones" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Jones</location>
|
||
specimens are actually from
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FC218B86FB86D47A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FC218B86FB86D47A" box="[1006,1071,1771,1797]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Populations" name="South" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">South</location>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FBF78B86FB31D47A" box="[1080,1176,1771,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5324FFF9FAEC8B86FAD4D47A" box="[1315,1405,1771,1797]" name="Georgia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
as recorded in the later ANSP catalogue, or simply that
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FCCD8A62FCD9D456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FCCD8A62FCD9D456" box="[770,880,1807,1833]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Populations" name="Hallowell" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Hallowell</location>
|
||
had received reports from elsewhere.
|
||
<location id="522760765324FFF9FAFF8A62FA31D456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765324FFF9FAFF8A62FA31D456" box="[1328,1432,1807,1833]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Populations" name="However" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">However</location>
|
||
, this does not solve the problem of allocating this name to a species-level genetic lineage.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B723ACD75324FFF9FB578A5EFAB5D432" box="[1176,1308,1843,1869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Populations</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
referred to this taxon have a complex nomenclatural history (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FD088A3AFCDCD40E" author="Grobman, A. B." box="[711,885,1878,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref31367" refString="Grobman, A. B. (1950) The distribution of the races of Desmognathus fuscus in the Southern States. Natural History Miscellanea, 70, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1950">Grobman 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FC4E8A3AFB83D40E" author="Rossman, D. A." box="[897,1066,1878,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="149 - 155" refId="ref35056" refString="Rossman, D. A. (1959) Ecosystematic Relationships of the Salamanders Desmognathus fuscus auriculatus Holbrook and Desmognathus fuscus carri Neill. Herpetologica, 15, 149 - 155." type="journal article" year="1959">Rossman 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FBFA8A3AFB48D40D" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[1077,1249,1879,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref36141" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it was long treated as a single, distinct species by most recent authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FCE48A16FC12D4EA" author="Means, D. B." box="[811,955,1915,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref33927" refString="Means, D. B. (1999) Desmognathus auriculatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 681, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1999">Means 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="574736AD5324FFFAFF088AF2FAA4D2F6" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BE264E215324FFF9FF088AF2FEE1D4C6" box="[199,328,1951,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Subsequent</collectingCounty>
|
||
genetic analyses have shown that populations historically included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5324FFF9FBA18AF2FA34D4C6" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1134,1437,1951,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5324FFF9FBA18AF2FA34D4C6" box="[1134,1437,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprise multiple distinct taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5324FFF9FDC28AAEFC83D4A2" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." box="[525,810,1987,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="143 - 153" refId="ref28714" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2008) Dusky salamanders (Desmognathus, Plethodontidae) from the Coastal Plain: Multiple independent lineages and their bearing on the molecular phylogeny of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, 143 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.01.015" type="journal article" year="2008">Beamer and Lamb 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2020).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B723ACD75324FFF9FC448AAEFC13D4A2" box="[907,954,1987,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">One</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
species-level lineage from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5324FFFAFB348AAEFEBED3CE" isEnumeration="true" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Louisiana and Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
was recently described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5327FFFAFD9D8DFAFB2ED3CE" authority="Means, Lamb, and Bernardo, 2017" authorityName="Means, Lamb, and Bernardo" authorityYear="2017" box="[594,1159,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFD9D8DFAFD4FD3CE" box="[594,742,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5327FFFAFD3E8DFAFB2ED3CE" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[753,1159,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref33952" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">Means, Lamb, and Bernardo, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="522760765327FFFAFB5B8DFAFAA6D3CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765327FFFAFB5B8DFAFAA6D3CE" box="[1172,1295,151,177]" county="Subsequent" municipality="One" name="Remaining" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" stateProvince="Louisiana and Mississippi">Remaining</location>
|
||
populations comprise at least two candidate species (
|
||
<location id="522760765327FFFAFD9C8DD6FD31D3AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765327FFFAFD9C8DD6FD31D3AA" box="[595,664,187,213]" county="Subsequent" municipality="One" name="Pyron" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" stateProvince="Louisiana and Mississippi">Pyron</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFD528DD6FD7AD3AA" box="[669,723,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020, 2022a),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5327FFFAFCB98DD6FBBED3AA" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[886,1047,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFCB98DD6FBBED3AA" box="[886,1047,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5327FFFAFBF48DD6FAA2D3AA" box="[1083,1291,187,213]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Alabama, Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5327FFFAFA8D8DD6FA3CD3A9" box="[1346,1429,187,214]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5327FFFAFF088DB2FEC3D386" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[199,362,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFF088DB2FEC3D386" box="[199,362,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B/C (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5327FFFAFE628DB2FD6AD386" box="[429,707,223,249]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Georgia, North
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5327FFFAFDAF8DB2FD6AD386" box="[608,707,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5327FFFAFD308DB2FC04D385" box="[767,941,223,250]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
South
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5327FFFAFC878DB2FC04D385" box="[840,941,223,250]" class="Reptilia" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
), both of which occur near
|
||
<location id="522760765327FFFAFB2D8DB2FAE0D386" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765327FFFAFB2D8DB2FAE0D386" box="[1250,1353,223,249]" county="Subsequent" municipality="One" name="Riceboro" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" stateProvince="Louisiana and Mississippi">Riceboro</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5327FFFAFA988DB2FE8DD261" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="8574" refId="ref34716" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 b) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12 (2), e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFF588C6EFF78D262" box="[151,209,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="522760765327FFFAFEF78C6EFED5D262" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765327FFFAFEF78C6EFED5D262" box="[312,380,259,285]" county="Subsequent" municipality="One" name="While" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" stateProvince="Louisiana and Mississippi">While</location>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5327FFFAFE4A8C6EFD80D262" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[389,553,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFE4A8C6EFD80D262" box="[389,553,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A has recently been treated as the nominotypical lineage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5327FFFAFB0A8C6EFA3ED262" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[1221,1431,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref33952" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFAD58C6EFAFDD262" box="[1306,1364,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5327FFFAFF588C4AFE03D23E" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." box="[151,426,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref28779" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer and Lamb 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5327FFFAFE7A8C4AFD20D23D" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[437,649,295,322]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="8574" refId="ref34716" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 b) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12 (2), e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5327FFFAFDCF8C4AFD91D23E" box="[512,568,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), specimens from the type locality have not been sampled genetically.
|
||
<location id="522760765327FFFAFF588C26FEA1D21A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5325FFFAFF588CB6FAA4D2F6:522760765327FFFAFF588C26FEA1D21A" box="[151,264,331,357]" county="Subsequent" municipality="One" name="Therefore" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" stateProvince="Louisiana and Mississippi">Therefore</location>
|
||
, which lineage (or both) occurs there, and which species is represented by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8843880F5327FFFAFB558C26FAADD21A" box="[1178,1284,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, is unknown. Additional data, analyses, and nomenclatural action will be needed to allocate this name conclusively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |