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<mods:title id="3111942EFB65E9B80E92834FCB74E7CA">Revision of the genus Olivierus in Xinjiang, China, with comments on Mesobuthus thersites (Scorpiones: Buthidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D331579FFD4C9A62270A89CFD47" ID-CoL="498SK" authority="(Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Sun &amp; Zhu" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[198,687,619,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Olivierus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longichelus">
<emphasis id="B923EAA21579FFD4C9A62270ABFBFD47" bold="true" box="[198,456,619,646]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Olivierus longichelus</emphasis>
(Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010)
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(
<figureCitation id="136C2A351579FFD4C9F22296AB11FD64" box="[146,290,653,677]" captionStart-0="Figures 14" captionStart-1="Figures 58" captionStart-2="Figures 910" captionStart-3="Figures 1112" captionStart-4="Figures 1316" captionStart-5="Figures 1720" captionStart-6="Figures 2128" captionStart-7="Figures 2942" captionStart-8="Figures 4348" captionStartId-0="3.[116,193,1971,1993]" captionStartId-1="6.[115,192,1977,1999]" captionStartId-2="9.[115,192,1490,1512]" captionStartId-3="10.[113,190,1490,1512]" captionStartId-4="11.[116,193,1239,1261]" captionStartId-5="12.[115,192,1342,1364]" captionStartId-6="13.[112,189,1596,1618]" captionStartId-7="14.[113,190,1931,1953]" captionStartId-8="16.[111,188,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1412,262,1928]" captionTargetBox-1="[116,1477,265,1926]" captionTargetBox-2="[116,1477,234,1475]" captionTargetBox-3="[115,1476,234,1475]" captionTargetBox-4="[113,1474,234,1222]" captionTargetBox-5="[113,1474,234,1324]" captionTargetBox-6="[113,1474,256,1583]" captionTargetBox-7="[113,1474,254,1904]" captionTargetBox-8="[116,1477,234,1451]" captionTargetId-0="figure-58@3.[116,1477,249,1928]" captionTargetId-1="figure-66@6.[116,1477,265,1926]" captionTargetId-2="figure-335@9.[116,1477,234,1475]" captionTargetId-3="figure-317@10.[115,1476,234,1475]" captionTargetId-4="figure-515@11.[113,1474,234,1222]" captionTargetId-5="figure-400@12.[113,1474,234,1324]" captionTargetId-6="figure-278@13.[113,1474,234,1583]" captionTargetId-7="figure-113@14.[113,1474,234,1904]" captionTargetId-8="figure-361@16.[116,1477,234,1464]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="14" captionTargetPageId-8="16" captionText-0="Figures 14: Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), habitus under white light. Figures 12. Male from Jinghe County, in dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. Figures 34. Female from Bole City, in dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar = 20 mm." captionText-1="Figures 58: Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), carapace of male from Jinghe County (5, 7) and female from Bole City (6, 8). Figures 56. Under white light. Figures 78. Under UV light. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-2="Figures 910. Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), tergites of male from Jinghe County (9) and female from Bole City (10) under white light. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-3="Figures 1112. Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), tergites of male from Jinghe County (11) and female from Bole City (12) under UV light." captionText-4="Figures 1316: Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), pectines of male from Jinghe County (13, 15) and female from Bole City (14, 16). Figures 1314. Under white light. Figures 1516. Under UV light. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-5="Figures 1720: Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), sternites VIVII of male from Jinghe County (17, 19) and female from Bole City (18, 20). Figures 1718. Under white light. Figures 1920. Under UV light. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-6="Figures 2128: Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), metasoma V in lateral (21, 25) and ventral (22, 26) views under white light, metasoma V in ventral view (23, 27) and metasoma IIIII in lateral view under UV light (24, 28). Figures 2124. Male from Jinghe County. Figures 2528. Female from Bole City. Scale bars = 2 mm (2122, 2526) and 5 mm (24, 28)." captionText-7="Figures 2942: Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), telson in lateral view (29, 36), chelicera in dorsal (31, 37) and ventral (30, 38), right pedipalp chela in dorsal (32, 39) and external (33, 40) views under white light, and dentate margin of right movable finger under white (34, 41) and UV (35, 42) light. Figures 2935. Male from Jinghe County. Figures 3642. Female from Bole City. Scale bars = 5 mm (29, 33, 36, 40), 2 mm (34, 41) and 1 mm (31, 37)." captionText-8="Figures 4348: Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010), right pedipalp patella (43, 46) and femur (44, 47) in dorsal view under UV light, and telo- and basitarsi of right 3rd leg in retrolateral view under white light (45, 48). Figures 4345. Male from Jinghe County. Figures 4648. Female from Bole City. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833865" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833867" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833869" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833872" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833874" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833876" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833878" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833880" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833882" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10833865/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10833867/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10833869/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10833872/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10833874/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10833876/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10833878/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10833880/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/10833882/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Figures 148</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A351579FFD4C84D2296AB40FD64" box="[301,371,653,677]" captionStart="Figures 97100" captionStartId="31.[113,190,2033,2055]" captionTargetBox="[120,1359,202,2013]" captionTargetId="figure-68@31.[113,1474,202,2013]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figures 97100: Comparison of hemispermatophores between Olivierus longichelus (Sun &amp; Zhu, 2010) and Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897) in convex (97, 99) and concave (98, 100) aspects under white light. Figures 9798. Male O. longichelus from Jinghe County. Figures 99100. Male O. przewalskii from Ghulja (Yining) County. Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833904/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">9798</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136C2A351579FFD4C81D2296ABEEFD64" box="[381,477,653,677]" captionStart="Figures 101110" captionStartId="33.[115,192,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,297,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-123@33.[113,1474,297,1812]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figures 101110: A juvenile female Olivierus longichelus from Bole City, presumably 6th instar (crude total length ca. 51 mm, pretergites concealed), comparing with illustrations of the holotype female O. longichelus from Jinghe County from the original description (modified from Sun &amp; Zhu (2010)). Figures 101105. Habitus under white light (101), carapace (102), pedipalp chela in external view (103), metasoma V in ventral (104) and external (105) views under UV light. Figures 106110. Original illustration of holotype female O. longichelus: carapace (106), pedipalp chela in external view (107), metasoma V in ventral (108) and external (109) views, and habitus (110). Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833906/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">101105</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136C2A351579FFD4C8882296A849FD64" box="[488,634,653,677]" captionStart="Figures 115119" captionStartId="36.[116,193,1241,1263]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-495@36.[113,1474,234,1225]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figures 115119: Observations under captive condition. Figures 115118. Behavioral response tests conducted on live specimens: tweezer clamping on metasoma and dorsoventrally on mesosoma. Figures 115116. Male (115) and female (116) O. longichelus showed resistance and aggression. Figures 117118. Female (117) and male (118) O. przewalskii remained immobile. Figure 119. Spontaneously clustered O. longichelus (left; including one M. thersites) and O. przewalskii (right) observed under captive condition at night, and a case of cannibalism in O. longichelus (middle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10833913/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">115116, 119</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A351579FFD4CBE52296A8D6FD64" box="[645,741,653,677]" captionStart-0="Figures 132135" captionStart-1="Figures 136139" captionStartId-0="45.[113,190,1159,1181]" captionStartId-1="46.[116,193,1159,1181]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,234,1144]" captionTargetBox-1="[115,1476,234,1144]" captionTargetId-0="figure-497@45.[113,1474,234,1144]" captionTargetId-1="figure-517@46.[115,1476,234,1144]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="Figures 132135: Selected Olivierus longichelus specimens in vivo habitus. Figures 132133. Adult males from Jinghe County, showing different colorations. Figures 134135. Adult female (134) and male (135) from Bole City." captionText-1="Figures 136139: Selected Olivierus longichelus specimens in vivo habitus. Figure 136. Adult male from Ghulja (Yining) County. Figure 137. Adult male from Yarkant (Shache) County. Figures 138139. Adult (138) and subadult (139) males from Makit County." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833921" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833923" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10833921/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10833923/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">132139</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A351579FFD4C82622B6AB94FD04" box="[326,423,685,709]" captionStart-0="Figures 150151" captionStart-1="Figures 152154" captionStart-2="Figures 155156" captionStartId-0="49.[121,198,2047,2069]" captionStartId-1="50.[113,190,1979,2001]" captionStartId-2="51.[116,193,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,219,2026]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1474,287,1932]" captionTargetBox-2="[113,1474,234,1819]" captionTargetId-0="figure-54@49.[113,1474,219,2028]" captionTargetId-1="figure-39@50.[113,1474,287,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure-116@51.[113,1474,234,1819]" captionTargetPageId-0="49" captionTargetPageId-1="50" captionTargetPageId-2="51" captionText-0="Figures 150151: Additional Olivierus longichelus populations used for DNA sequencing. Figure 150. Juvenile male from Korgas County (left) and adult male from Khorgos City (right). Figure 151. Adult male from Shawan City (left) and adult female from Wujiaqu City (right)." captionText-1="Figures 152154. Olivierus longichelus from Korgas County (152153) and its natural habitat (154). Photo:Yizun Wang." captionText-2="Figures 155156: Comparison between Olivierus longichelus, O. przewalskii and Mesobuthus thersites (left to right). Figure 155. Adult females. Figure 156. Adult males." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833929" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833931" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10833934" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10833929/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10833931/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10833934/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">150156</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6D5030B1579FFD4C8D122B6A815FD04" box="[433,550,685,709]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Tables24" captionStart-2="Table 5" captionStartId-0="39.[113,169,1826,1847]" captionStartId-1="41.[113,179,1295,1316]" captionStartId-2="42.[118,174,1677,1698]" captionText-0="Table 1. Potentially useful characters retrieved from previous papers. Abbreviations: TL, total length; PTC, pectinal tooth count; DSC, denticle subrow count of movable finger; C-L/W, length to width ratio of pedipalp chela; MIV-L/W, length to width ratio of metasoma IV; MV-L/W, length to width ratio of metasoma V;AL/TelL, aculeus length to telson length ratio; MV-VL, ventrolateral carina of metasoma V; MV-VM, ventromedian carina ofmetasoma V; MV-I,infuscation of metasomaV; C-G, granulation ofcarapace; C&amp;P-C, carinaeof carapace and patella;F-ICG, intercarinal granulation of pedipalp femur; EAD, external accessory denticle(s); IAD, internal accessory denticle(s); ↑, to the tip of pedipalp movable finger; TS, tarsal setation. Several qualitative characters were referred to the original illustrations. Morphometrics of O. przewalskii were taken from table 1 in Sun &amp; Sun (2011: 62). L/W of metasomal segments IV and V was not calculated in this study as the L/D thereof appeared to be more informative (indicator for dorsoventral dilation); previous papers for metasoma IV included only the length and width." captionText-1="Tables24. Relative frequencies of discretequantitative morphometrics;n refers tonumber of pectines/fingers.Tables 23.Relative frequencies of certain PTC and DSC values present in each sex of each species (DSC pooled together for both sexes), based on the examined materials from Bole (B), Ghulja (G), Jinghe (J), Makit (M), Qiemo (Q), Ruoqiang (R), and Yarkant (Y). Modal values are reddened and bolded, second frequent values are bolded. Table 4. Relative frequencies of PTC value in newly examined males and females of O. longichelus from Korgas (K), Khorgos (k), Shawan (S) and Wujiaqu (W), and pooled samples from all localities (P) (below), in comparison with isolated male PTC frequencies from localities in Table 2 (above). Note: male O. longichelus had been recorded with 30 teeth in the previously studied specimens from Wujiaqu (Tang, 2022b: table 1) and not included here." captionText-2="Table 5. Comparative morphological matrix of currently recognized Olivierus species (O. tarabaevi is a synonym of O. longichelus); qualitative characters are susceptible to subjective biases. *: species with doubtful validity, likely synonymous with O. martensii. Morphology abbreviations: TL, total length; PTC, pectinal tooth count; DSC, denticle subrow count; CL/W, length/width ratio of chela (only referential, our data for O. longichelus and O. przewalskii might not be appropriate for direct comparison with those for their congeners); MFL, movable finger lobe; ex, extremely; Tt III VS, telotarsus III ventral setation; PSH, pedal spur hirsuteness; MV VL S, metasoma V ventrolateral carinae serration; met, metasoma; infus., infuscate; ant., anterior; pos., posterior. Pedipalp chela manus profile with respect to finger: G, globous; M, moderate (pertains to width); N, narrow; S, short; L, long. Metasoma V ventrolateral carinae serration types: 0, flattened and sparse; 1, small, blunt and dense; 2, small, sharp and dense; 3, moderate and sharp; 4, lobiform with narrow spacing; 5, lobiform with wide spacing. Country abbreviations: AF, Afghanistan; AM, Armenia; AZ, Azerbaijan; CN, China; GE, Georgia; IR, Iran; KZ, Kazakhstan; MY, Malaysia; MN, Mongolia; KP, North Korea; RU, Russia; KR, South Korea; TJ, Tajikistan; TR, Turkey; TM, Turkmenistan; UA, Ukraine; UZ, Uzbekistan. Data sourced from (except for O. longichelus and O. przewalskii): Fet et al. (2018), Fet et al. (2021), Kovařík (2019), Qi et al. (2004), Werner (1936); qualitative characters of O. martensii further based on the personal collection of the first author (cf. Figs. 157158, 163168). The overall coloration is neglected here since many species were only known from preserved specimens suffered from discoloration." pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Tables 15</tableCitation>
)
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