treatments-xml/data/D3/7D/20/D37D202FDD609B81E7AC2D2CC1326340.xml
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<document ENCODING="UTF8" ModsDocAuthor="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. &amp; Shattuck, S. O." ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="23024" ModsDocOrigin="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." checkinTime="1271565979872" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. &amp; Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2010" docId="D37D202FDD609B81E7AC2D2CC1326340" docLanguage="en" docName="23024.htm" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 35" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x" docTitle="Prenolepis" docType="key" docVersion="1" id="C9DE62AB128537677F932C5599388040" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="C9DE62AB128537677F932C5599388040" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="118" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1693280142775" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="E5412018A8AE7902166FE69985C325CF">Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80C82A14BC547E6907F4710F063AA114">LaPolla, J. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7D38B38D3DEFF699D8051133AFCEC6A5">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DA7EEC161B9C3D793814818E3E0FF2E7">2010</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="AF0A94DEB34D3DCAFD6A3E4A8BCA12D5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A066E8921916F452EC06F9C2436FAFFF" pageNumber="123">
Key to workers of the
<taxonomicName id="EC25225D0B033641EA67C062484BF10D" ID-CoL="6VK5" ID-ENA="262037" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
genus-group
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EA75CD8475C8A0BFC7A1971876ED1042" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="685582AD90B932AF4726C133D74E74DB" pageNumber="123">
This key can be modified to supplement many existing formicine keys such as
<bibRefCitation id="AFB15BDE6645ABB5902A0038C6AE0E04" author="Bolton, B." firstAuthor="Bolton" refId="ref9881" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." type="book" year="1994">Bolton (1994)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A855C685B6F039E26EF3FFDD3D00CF9C" author="Shattuck, S. O." firstAuthor="Shattuck" refId="ref11124" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1999) Australian Ants. Their Biology and Identification. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood." type="book" year="1999">Shattuck (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="0640683CC6CC836FFDEFDDBBCE4808AA" author="Imai, H. T. &amp; Kihara, A. &amp; Kondoh, M." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Imai" refId="ref10509" refString="Imai, H. T., Kihara, A., Kondoh, M. et al. (2003) Ants of Japan. Gakken, Tokyo." type="book" year="2003">Imai et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. In those keys, specimens that key to
<taxonomicName id="14CB8102DFD70D9AD83B88BAFA22B47C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paratrechina">Paratrechina</taxonomicName>
should be compared with couplets 3, 4 and 5 below to determine current generic placement. The relative eye length index (REL) is defined as (EL/HL) ×100, where HL (head length) is the length of the head, excluding the mandibles, measured in full-face view, and EL (eye length) is the maximum length of the compound eye in full-face view.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8DEF22D007B1B920321AB59CD130C655" type="key">
<keyStep id="AF88B4068917B8770DF276CB054FCB65">
<paragraph id="23F55D48AFD76C8CF3C91618C84D96AC" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="510DB4CE3312C15BB3721CED51118CF8">1. Maxillary palps with 5 or fewer segments; species often strongly polymorphic, with a major and minor caste expressed ........................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D9F09FB9ADE188457A9BE522DE95637" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="C26699D02FC969DB55CEDFBF6EECD0DC">- Maxillary palps with 6 segments; species monomorphic to slightly polymorphic, with no discernable major or minor caste expressed ..................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="1A26D314A8B2453C88A0735E44B0AC41">
<paragraph id="20A0CE704DA760E3792C6BC802BE6D1B" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="073CCDD4A0EFEC713EB7F7D252DA2D5E">
<pageBreakToken id="2473F853D24A6CEE9B827F698A2C3BAC" pageNumber="124" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
. Polymorphic Afrotropical species .....
<taxonomicName id="69BF71C65CBD97F35DB0846BAF826774" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paraparatrechina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bufonus">Paraparatrechina bufonus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="75E691C8DA40E4236FD562516D3A829B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weissi">weissi</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91B1997428356B28BE3A4AEF724849D6" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="F1EDC9993722B90930FE792CB958347D">- Monomorphic or polymorphic Australasian/Indoaustralian species ............................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3D85E6C757156A79EB776674A7EB0178">
<paragraph id="002CC53698D446AA415DAB4F649E09AC" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="7F60B6FBB90239FAB5B52C00F971CAF7">
3. Eyes large, typically REL 20 or greater (one exception -
<taxonomicName id="D48B63406B1D6844781E03080F3CA456" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrosensis">E. negrosensis</taxonomicName>
); labial palps typically with 4 segments; mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum; mandalus large and conspicuous (Fig. 7A), usually visible without dissection of mandible*....
<taxonomicName id="5A26262E9D2CE2E34C2DDA2BB99F3C92" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38A48475A7222E81694E98D56F0589EB" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="AB4081DC497075772B366BDB8ABF4D09">
- Eyes small, REL less than 20, typically 15 or less; labial palps typically with 2 or 3 segments; mesothorax typically not constricted immediately behind pronotum; mandalus small and inconspicuous (Fig. 7F), usually not visible without dissection of mandible* ...........
<taxonomicName id="F59772DBB0040473204BB0BBF439394F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudolasius</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="88136345B9D996209F8D255496DB9CE7">
<paragraph id="BB219C91F5173828B7550AF95C1C2CC1" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="3B9561E0079EEBBF59487AE503B3B7EE">4. Mandibles typically with 6 to 7 teeth, rarely 5 teeth present; if with 5 teeth, then mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum; scapes with or without erect setae... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC4B8B55C695A7C8B6FDD7C39739C7AB" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="5E759FA23BFC61D245F3AC0613AD342A">- Mandibles always with 5 teeth; mesothorax not constricted immediately behind pronotum; scapes always lacking erect setae ............................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="565865EFE9F169F9B9FB80B87471B0D9" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="A3032FEE0C8E839F2C348A0D663926BB">
5. Mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum; eyes largely above midlength of head (typically posterior of vertex); mandibles with distinct striations across anterior surface ....................................
<taxonomicName id="0E65E44E43F3E51BCA630B32B3EACD68" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="331E990D06C7CE038B975379D57D2781" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="F2975D59A07D13EDD049745206807C43">
- Mesothorax not constricted immediately behind pronotum; eyes with about half their length above and half their length below midlength of head (typically at vertex); mandibles without strations across anterior surface .....
<taxonomicName id="3FDB2CE96AA2CB10B28D154D83EFDFDE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nylanderia</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="FD707F2E5292DFC461EAF750D570D9F4">
<paragraph id="F0210B1485E2392CB23FE3CC966B0DD5" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="B1A06BEAB648B6A7CCC1637DC2B10984">
6. Erect setae (one pair) present on propodeum; erect setae on head form a pattern of 4 setae along posterior margin and 6 to 7 rows of setae from posterior margin to clypeal margin; dorsal face of propodeum typically short and angular; femora and tibiae lacking large erect setae ................................
<taxonomicName id="DA36DC49E306A9D2E6FF2ABC245C03FD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paraparatrechina">Paraparatrechina</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD105561B06FDAEC3BC9EB15DE5C97C9" pageNumber="124">
<keyLead id="B2C69FEA460F0C261BA22AA1EA92D291">
- Erect setae absent on propodeum; erect setae on head scattered across surface; dorsal face of propodeum broad and gently rounded; femora and tibiae with large erect setae ....................................
<taxonomicName id="6EF3F036A3BBCDB7552A27D398616230" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paratrechina">Paratrechina</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<footnote id="F5D17A0774791EE0F846C210EDE9432F">
<paragraph id="0DBF74E529AD4A643635DB997969075B" pageNumber="124">*This character can be difficult to determine unless the mandible is dissected. It is only required if specimens have 4-segmented labial palps and 5 mandibular teeth.</paragraph>
</footnote>
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</treatment>
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