129 lines
27 KiB
XML
129 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="5C706D39E363950C69EBDE106AC46794" ID-CLB-Dataset="25962" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ada41293-20e6-4824-a8c4-f7e8eb6d16b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3373075" ID-ZooBank="16EDCB6E-49D1-4214-AEB3-203C19CA56A0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566365037521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicoli, Laura" docDate="2019" docId="3C7387AFFFB8FF8119E5FF5F21FC52C8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4658.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4658 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratophrys prisca var. subcornuta" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="C04AFFD7FFAAFF931972FFC72256514B" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698751917165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D50F48F86400D1E96086D4CE97C3EDE1">The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0DCD705DEAE72F2772325F25E5620915">Nicoli, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E8FD51828883D7DD75FE1206743BF2A3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="420C22DAE209F52A31EC46006C58ABFD">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="65DC904742628F22B1FC10C03E93B8FE">2019-08-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F357394E41988D6AA56A8E5A65DE9772">4658</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="ECBCD2EA7244928BF1F4159039C0BDFB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3C7387AFFFB8FF8119E5FF5F21FC52C8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159217198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C7387AFFFB8FF8119E5FF5F21FC52C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C7387AFFFB8FF8119E5FF5F21FC52C8" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFB8FF8119E5FF5F235850C1" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFB8FF8119E5FF5F2007519C" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="EF2D81D5FFB8FF8119E5FF5F2007519C" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF8119E5FF5F2007519C" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFB8FF8119E5FF5F206151F8" box="[151,567,152,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="prisca" variety="subcornuta">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF8119E5FF5F232251F9" bold="true" box="[151,372,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Ceratophrys prisca</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF8118C6FF5F206151F8" bold="true" box="[436,567,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">subcornuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MACN 14323) from
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFB8FF811A3AFF5E263151F8" box="[840,1127,153,179]" country="Argentina" name="Farola Monte Hermoso" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Farola Monte Hermoso</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFB8FF811D07FF5E274051F8" box="[1141,1302,152,179]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFB8FF811C51FF5F27CA51F8" box="[1315,1436,152,179]" name="Argentina" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFB8FF8119EDFF7B201F519C" author="Mercadal de Barrio, I. T. & Barrio, A." box="[159,585,188,215]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" pagination="17 - 31" refId="ref23780" refString="Mercadal de Barrio, I. T. & Barrio, A. (2002) Tetraploidia en Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae), analisis del registro fosil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 92, 17 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212002000300003" type="journal article" year="2002">
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Mercadal de Barrio &
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFB8FF8118C0FF7B2055519C" box="[434,515,188,215]" name="Barrio" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Barrio</collectingRegion>
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, 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFB8FF8119B5FF27235850C1" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFB8FF8119B5FF27203551B0" author="Mercadal de Barrio, I. T. & Barrio, A." box="[199,611,224,251]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" pagination="17 - 31" refId="ref23780" refString="Mercadal de Barrio, I. T. & Barrio, A. (2002) Tetraploidia en Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae), analisis del registro fosil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 92, 17 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212002000300003" type="journal article" year="2002">Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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listed this specimen as
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFB8FF811A02FF27275751B1" box="[880,1281,224,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="prisca" variety="subcornuta">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF811A02FF27261C51B1" box="[880,1098,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Ceratophrys prisca</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF811DF1FF27275751B1" box="[1155,1281,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">subcornuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This variety, erected by
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFB8FF811865FEC223855054" author="Rovereto, C." box="[279,467,261,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref25369" refString="Rovereto, C. (1914) Los estratos araucanos y sus fosiles. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 25, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1914">Rovereto (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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, is not currently valid (
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFB8FF811B93FEC321C75054" author="Fernicola, J. C." box="[737,913,260,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" pagination="385 - 391" refId="ref22081" refString="Fernicola, J. C. (2001) Una nueva especie de Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Neoogeno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38, 385 - 391." type="journal article" year="2001">Fernicola 2001</bibRefCitation>
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, see above). The label and records associated with MACN 14323 identify it as
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFB8FF811B7BFEEF20B75009" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1889" box="[521,737,296,322]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prisca">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF811B7BFEEF20B75009" box="[521,737,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Ceratophrys prisca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from “Monte Hermoso, Piso Montehermosense”; presumably, the specimen came from the Mio-Pliocene sediments of Farola Monte Hermoso (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFB8FF811D59FE8B2638502C" box="[1067,1134,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[182,1401,170,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[168,1420,170,1739]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributional map of extant and fossil Ceratophrys. The phylogeny of the extant species of Ceratophyrs were proposed by Faivovich et al.(2014). The numbers in circles represent the fossiliferous localities mentioned in the article: 1, Arroyo Chasicó; 2, Arroyo Tapalqué; 3, Conchillas; 4, Farola Monte Hermoso; 5, Fortín Necochea; 6, Lagoa Santa; 7, Laguna de Los Tres Reyes; 8, Mar del Plata and Miramar cities; 9, Ñuapua; 10, Olivos; 11, Puerta de Corral Quemado; 12, Quehué; 13, San Antonio and Paso Alsina; 14, Tarija. Black circles: localities where the presence of Ceratophrys was confirmed; white circles: the presence of Ceratophrys remains unconfirmed. The distributions of the extant species of Ceratophrys are represented by areas that approximately include all the reported records for each species; the distribution of most species, however, is not well known. Distributions are based on Lynch (1982) with corrections and additions from Barrio-Amorós 2004; Barrio 1980; Langone 1995; Maciel et al. 2013; Maneyro & Langone 2001; Ortiz et al. 2013; Peters 1967; Rivero 1961; Stuart et al. 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, locality 4),
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFB8FF811D8CFE8A27CE502D" box="[1278,1432,332,359]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFB8FF8119E5FEB7235C50C1" box="[151,266,368,394]" name="Argentina" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFB8FF8119B5FE5321FC52C8" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFB8FF8119B5FE53271B53B8" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF8119B5FE53239E50E4" bold="true" box="[199,456,404,431]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Osteological features.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFB8FF8118BCFE52207450E4" box="[462,546,405,431]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
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14323 is an incomplete skull (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFB8FF811A09FE5321EA50E4" box="[891,956,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[354,1232,181,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[353,1235,170,1454]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Neogene fossils attributed to Ceratophrys. A–K, fossils from the vicinities of the cities of Mar del Plata on the Atlantic Cost of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002); A, B, MLP 34.V.10.8: nearly complete right maxilla; C, D, MACN 17585 anterior portion of left maxilla; E–G, MACN 17936: fragments of posterior skull roof (E, F) and neurocranium (G); H–K, MACN 18074: fragments of a left maxilla (H, I) and right squamosal (J, K). M–L, MACN 14323: fragmentary skull from Farola Monte Hermoso, Argentina, attributed to C.prisca var. subcornuta by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002). O, P, MNHN 1560: maxilla from the Conchillas Locality (Fig 2, locality 2), Colonia, Uruguay, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Rinderknecht (1998). Q–Y, MLP 88.V.20.1: skull (X, Y) and left mandible (Q) from the north of Mar del Plata, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002).A, D, I, O, labial views; B, C, H, P, Q, lingual views; E, J, M, X, dorsal views; F, G, N, ventral views; K, L, lateral views. Abbreviations: as, angulosplenial; d, dentary; fp, frontoparietal; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; lc, lateral crest; mk, mentomeckelian; mop, material of preparation; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process ofpremaxilla; mps, socket that would receive the maxillary process of premaxilla; ncs, socket that would have received the ossification of the nasal cartilages; oc, occipital condyle; otc, otic capsule; pas, socket that would have received the ossifications of the planum antorbitale; pf, pars facialis; pof, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the postorbital fenestra; pp,pars palatina; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; psa, portion of the showed bone that forms the parieto-squamosal arch; psf, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptp, pterygoid process; qj, quadratojugal; th, teeth; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; sf, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373085/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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M−L) that generally resembles those of all other
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFB8FF8119ABFE7F23335099" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[217,357,440,466]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF8119ABFE7F23335099" box="[217,357,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The specimen is too fragmentary to assess its proportions. The preservation of this specimen, along with the material used to repair and glue some of its parts, obscure the posterior region of the frontoparietals and their contact with the squamosals (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFB8FF811B21FDC720E55350" box="[595,691,512,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[354,1232,181,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[353,1235,170,1454]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Neogene fossils attributed to Ceratophrys. A–K, fossils from the vicinities of the cities of Mar del Plata on the Atlantic Cost of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002); A, B, MLP 34.V.10.8: nearly complete right maxilla; C, D, MACN 17585 anterior portion of left maxilla; E–G, MACN 17936: fragments of posterior skull roof (E, F) and neurocranium (G); H–K, MACN 18074: fragments of a left maxilla (H, I) and right squamosal (J, K). M–L, MACN 14323: fragmentary skull from Farola Monte Hermoso, Argentina, attributed to C.prisca var. subcornuta by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002). O, P, MNHN 1560: maxilla from the Conchillas Locality (Fig 2, locality 2), Colonia, Uruguay, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Rinderknecht (1998). Q–Y, MLP 88.V.20.1: skull (X, Y) and left mandible (Q) from the north of Mar del Plata, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002).A, D, I, O, labial views; B, C, H, P, Q, lingual views; E, J, M, X, dorsal views; F, G, N, ventral views; K, L, lateral views. Abbreviations: as, angulosplenial; d, dentary; fp, frontoparietal; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; lc, lateral crest; mk, mentomeckelian; mop, material of preparation; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process ofpremaxilla; mps, socket that would receive the maxillary process of premaxilla; ncs, socket that would have received the ossification of the nasal cartilages; oc, occipital condyle; otc, otic capsule; pas, socket that would have received the ossifications of the planum antorbitale; pf, pars facialis; pof, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the postorbital fenestra; pp,pars palatina; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; psa, portion of the showed bone that forms the parieto-squamosal arch; psf, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptp, pterygoid process; qj, quadratojugal; th, teeth; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; sf, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373085/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
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). However, a parieto-squamosal arch is present on the left side of the skull (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFB8FF811877FDE323345374" box="[261,354,548,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[354,1232,181,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[353,1235,170,1454]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Neogene fossils attributed to Ceratophrys. A–K, fossils from the vicinities of the cities of Mar del Plata on the Atlantic Cost of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002); A, B, MLP 34.V.10.8: nearly complete right maxilla; C, D, MACN 17585 anterior portion of left maxilla; E–G, MACN 17936: fragments of posterior skull roof (E, F) and neurocranium (G); H–K, MACN 18074: fragments of a left maxilla (H, I) and right squamosal (J, K). M–L, MACN 14323: fragmentary skull from Farola Monte Hermoso, Argentina, attributed to C.prisca var. subcornuta by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002). O, P, MNHN 1560: maxilla from the Conchillas Locality (Fig 2, locality 2), Colonia, Uruguay, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Rinderknecht (1998). Q–Y, MLP 88.V.20.1: skull (X, Y) and left mandible (Q) from the north of Mar del Plata, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002).A, D, I, O, labial views; B, C, H, P, Q, lingual views; E, J, M, X, dorsal views; F, G, N, ventral views; K, L, lateral views. Abbreviations: as, angulosplenial; d, dentary; fp, frontoparietal; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; lc, lateral crest; mk, mentomeckelian; mop, material of preparation; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process ofpremaxilla; mps, socket that would receive the maxillary process of premaxilla; ncs, socket that would have received the ossification of the nasal cartilages; oc, occipital condyle; otc, otic capsule; pas, socket that would have received the ossifications of the planum antorbitale; pf, pars facialis; pof, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the postorbital fenestra; pp,pars palatina; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; psa, portion of the showed bone that forms the parieto-squamosal arch; psf, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptp, pterygoid process; qj, quadratojugal; th, teeth; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; sf, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373085/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
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), and it is apparent from the preserved medial margin of the left squamosal otic plate and the posterolateral margin of the right frontoparietal that a postorbital fenestra was present.The squamosal otic plate extends to the level of the occipital condyles, but its posterolateral portion is broken. The broken edge is broad, suggesting that the plate may have projected far posteriorly. The preserved portion has a concave dorsal surface. A lateral wall is well developed (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFB8FF811818FD7323965384" box="[362,448,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[354,1232,181,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[353,1235,170,1454]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Neogene fossils attributed to Ceratophrys. A–K, fossils from the vicinities of the cities of Mar del Plata on the Atlantic Cost of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002); A, B, MLP 34.V.10.8: nearly complete right maxilla; C, D, MACN 17585 anterior portion of left maxilla; E–G, MACN 17936: fragments of posterior skull roof (E, F) and neurocranium (G); H–K, MACN 18074: fragments of a left maxilla (H, I) and right squamosal (J, K). M–L, MACN 14323: fragmentary skull from Farola Monte Hermoso, Argentina, attributed to C.prisca var. subcornuta by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002). O, P, MNHN 1560: maxilla from the Conchillas Locality (Fig 2, locality 2), Colonia, Uruguay, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Rinderknecht (1998). Q–Y, MLP 88.V.20.1: skull (X, Y) and left mandible (Q) from the north of Mar del Plata, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002).A, D, I, O, labial views; B, C, H, P, Q, lingual views; E, J, M, X, dorsal views; F, G, N, ventral views; K, L, lateral views. Abbreviations: as, angulosplenial; d, dentary; fp, frontoparietal; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; lc, lateral crest; mk, mentomeckelian; mop, material of preparation; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process ofpremaxilla; mps, socket that would receive the maxillary process of premaxilla; ncs, socket that would have received the ossification of the nasal cartilages; oc, occipital condyle; otc, otic capsule; pas, socket that would have received the ossifications of the planum antorbitale; pf, pars facialis; pof, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the postorbital fenestra; pp,pars palatina; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; psa, portion of the showed bone that forms the parieto-squamosal arch; psf, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptp, pterygoid process; qj, quadratojugal; th, teeth; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; sf, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373085/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
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). The squamosal and pars facialis of the maxilla seem to bear a crest, but it is difficult to be certain owing to the poor preservation of the fossil. Ventrally, a discrete pars palatina is absent (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFB8FF811D94FD1F271753B8" box="[1254,1345,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[354,1232,181,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[353,1235,170,1454]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Neogene fossils attributed to Ceratophrys. A–K, fossils from the vicinities of the cities of Mar del Plata on the Atlantic Cost of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002); A, B, MLP 34.V.10.8: nearly complete right maxilla; C, D, MACN 17585 anterior portion of left maxilla; E–G, MACN 17936: fragments of posterior skull roof (E, F) and neurocranium (G); H–K, MACN 18074: fragments of a left maxilla (H, I) and right squamosal (J, K). M–L, MACN 14323: fragmentary skull from Farola Monte Hermoso, Argentina, attributed to C.prisca var. subcornuta by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002). O, P, MNHN 1560: maxilla from the Conchillas Locality (Fig 2, locality 2), Colonia, Uruguay, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Rinderknecht (1998). Q–Y, MLP 88.V.20.1: skull (X, Y) and left mandible (Q) from the north of Mar del Plata, Argentina, attributed to Ceratophrys sp. by Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio (2002).A, D, I, O, labial views; B, C, H, P, Q, lingual views; E, J, M, X, dorsal views; F, G, N, ventral views; K, L, lateral views. Abbreviations: as, angulosplenial; d, dentary; fp, frontoparietal; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; lc, lateral crest; mk, mentomeckelian; mop, material of preparation; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process ofpremaxilla; mps, socket that would receive the maxillary process of premaxilla; ncs, socket that would have received the ossification of the nasal cartilages; oc, occipital condyle; otc, otic capsule; pas, socket that would have received the ossifications of the planum antorbitale; pf, pars facialis; pof, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the postorbital fenestra; pp,pars palatina; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; psa, portion of the showed bone that forms the parieto-squamosal arch; psf, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptp, pterygoid process; qj, quadratojugal; th, teeth; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; sf, space delimiting by the showed bone that corresponds to the subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373085/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5N</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFB8FF8119B5FD3A21FC52C8" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF8119B5FD3A236D525C" bold="true" box="[199,315,765,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</emphasis>
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These remains have all the proposed or possible synapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFB8FF811D34FD3B26A5525D" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[1094,1267,764,790]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratophryidae</taxonomicName>
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(exostosis, parieto-squamosal arch, expanded squamosal otic ramus overlapping prootic, anterior maxillary pars palatina absent) and
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFB8FF8119B5FC8323055215" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[199,339,836,862]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF8119B5FC8323055215" box="[199,339,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(robust, bar-like maxillary process of nasal, postorbital fenestra) that can be evaluated. However, they are too fragmentary to attribute them to a species in
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFB8FF811A65FCAF21F552C9" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[791,931,872,898]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFB8FF811A65FCAF21F552C9" box="[791,931,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |