208 lines
30 KiB
XML
208 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="30F02D92AE775327E77D1E99E64D20B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="25962" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ada41293-20e6-4824-a8c4-f7e8eb6d16b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3373075" ID-ZooBank="16EDCB6E-49D1-4214-AEB3-203C19CA56A0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566365037521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicoli, Laura" docDate="2019" docId="3C7387AFFFA6FF9E19E5F9FA26775510" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4658.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4658 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratophrys rusconii Agnolin 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="C04AFFD7FFAAFF931972FFC72256514B" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698751917165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="72ED7A4DE0A351BD1F110DEF9DE3CE4E">
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<mods:title id="289329FCB80CDA9DBA872341BE85B8C7">The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="428395C2807F001A30F7B5845353F9D1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="05ED2C003FAED045A611588BEF1626D3">Nicoli, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="06B3873CB9B0D6D2D0FBF6718E9142CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C2687610C058AC62962CA5DBD638EC10">
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<mods:date id="9461938C68C33CCF0E900385685F57CC">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="807414B456CBAD9248E6A8A36304B041">2019-08-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FE45159FFDC3E1E3F665694503A5CCFB">4658</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A36F87906362A7FFF49414331A3DE449" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3C7387AFFFA6FF9E19E5F9FA26775510" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159217199" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C7387AFFFA6FF9E19E5F9FA26775510" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C7387AFFFA6FF9E19E5F9FA26775510" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA6FF9F19E5F9FA23525618" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA6FF9F19E5F9FA2015571C" blockId="12.[151,579,1597,1624]" box="[151,579,1597,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="EF2D81D5FFA6FF9F19E5F9FA2015571C" bold="true" box="[151,579,1597,1624]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA6FF9F19E5F9FA2015571C" authority="Agnolin 2005" authorityName="Agnolin" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,579,1597,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusconii">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F19E5F9FA2015571C" bold="true" box="[151,579,1597,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F19E5F9FA23C0571C" bold="true" box="[151,406,1597,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Ceratophrys rusconii</emphasis>
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Agnolín 2005
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA6FF9F19E5F94223525618" blockId="12.[151,1437,1669,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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Agnolín (2005) named
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA6FF9F18ECF94220D857D4" authorityName="Agnolin" authorityYear="2005" box="[414,654,1669,1695]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusconii">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F18ECF94220D857D4" box="[414,654,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Ceratophrys rusconii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of a single, incomplete skull (MACN 19744;
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA6FF9F1C52F94222F7578F" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3D, E, I</figureCitation>
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) from the vicinity of the city of Mar del Plata in the province of
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFA6FF9F1A07F96D26585788" box="[885,1038,1705,1732]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFA6FF9F1D6AF96E26DD5788" box="[1048,1163,1705,1731]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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. This specimen was collected at Playa Dorada, a locality north of Mar del Plata (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA6FF9F1A69F90A210B57AC" box="[795,861,1741,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[182,1401,170,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[168,1420,170,1739]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributional map of extant and fossil Ceratophrys. The phylogeny of the extant species of Ceratophyrs were proposed by Faivovich et al.(2014). The numbers in circles represent the fossiliferous localities mentioned in the article: 1, Arroyo Chasicó; 2, Arroyo Tapalqué; 3, Conchillas; 4, Farola Monte Hermoso; 5, Fortín Necochea; 6, Lagoa Santa; 7, Laguna de Los Tres Reyes; 8, Mar del Plata and Miramar cities; 9, Ñuapua; 10, Olivos; 11, Puerta de Corral Quemado; 12, Quehué; 13, San Antonio and Paso Alsina; 14, Tarija. Black circles: localities where the presence of Ceratophrys was confirmed; white circles: the presence of Ceratophrys remains unconfirmed. The distributions of the extant species of Ceratophrys are represented by areas that approximately include all the reported records for each species; the distribution of most species, however, is not well known. Distributions are based on Lynch (1982) with corrections and additions from Barrio-Amorós 2004; Barrio 1980; Langone 1995; Maciel et al. 2013; Maneyro & Langone 2001; Ortiz et al. 2013; Peters 1967; Rivero 1961; Stuart et al. 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373077/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, locality 8), in the basal third of the cliff where the sediments are exposed. The recent geological analyses of this locality, also known as Playa
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFA6FF9F1DD3F936277C5640" box="[1185,1322,1777,1803]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
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, indicated that these sediments have been deposited since the Plio-Pleistocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA6FF9F1AE9F8D226345664" author="Cione, A. L. & Tonni, E. P. & Bargo, M. S. & Bond, M. & Candela, A. M. & Carlini, A. A. & Deschamps, C. M. & Dozo, M. T. & Esteban, G. & Goin, F. J. & Montalvo, C. I. & Nasif, N. & Noriega, J. I. & Ortiz Jaureguizar, E. & Pascual, R. & Prado, J. L. & Reguero, M. A. & Scillato-Yane, G. J. & Soibelzon, L. & Verzi, D. H. & Vieytes, C. & Vizcaino, F. & Vucetich, M. G." box="[923,1122,1813,1839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" pagination="257 - 278" refId="ref21278" refString="Cione, A. L., Tonni, E. P., Bargo, M. S., Bond, M., Candela, A. M., Carlini, A. A., Deschamps, C. M., Dozo, M. T., Esteban, G., Goin, F. J., Montalvo, C. I., Nasif, N., Noriega, J. I., Ortiz Jaureguizar, E., Pascual, R., Prado, J. L., Reguero, M. A., Scillato-Yane, G. J., Soibelzon, L., Verzi, D. H., Vieytes, C., Vizcaino, F. & Vucetich, M. G. (2007) Mamiferos continentales del Mioceno tardio a la actualidad en la Argentina: cincuenta anos de estudios. Ameghiniana, Publicacion Especial 11, 257 - 278." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Cione
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F1A95F8D126765664" box="[999,1056,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA6FF9F1D1CF8D2274F567B" author="Isla, F. & Taglioretti, M. & Dondas, A." box="[1134,1305,1813,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" pagination="235 - 250" refId="ref22848" refString="Isla, F., Taglioretti, M. & Dondas, A. (2015) Revision y nuevos aportes sobre la estratigrafia y sedimentologia de los acantilados entre Mar de Cobo y Miramar, provincia de Buenos Aires. Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, 72, 235 - 250." type="journal article" year="2015">
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFA6FF9F1D1CF8D226C05664" box="[1134,1174,1813,1839]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Isla</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F1DECF8D126815664" box="[1182,1239,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA6FF9F1C57F8D222AE5618" author="Prevosti, F. J. & Dondas, A. & Isla, F. I." pageId="12" pageNumber="49" pagination="245 - 250" refId="ref24699" refString="Prevosti, F. J., Dondas, A. & Isla, F. I. (2004) Revision del registro de Theriodictis Mercerat, 1891 (Carnivora, Canidae) y descripcion de un nuevo ejemplar de Theriodictis platensis Mercerat, 1891 del Pleistoceno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Ameghiniana, 41, 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Prevosti
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F1CFAF8D122E25618" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA6FF9E19B5F89A26775510" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA6FF9F19B5F89A263F56A8" blockId="12.[151,1437,1669,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F19B5F89A23915633" bold="true" box="[199,455,1885,1912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Osteological features.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA6FF9F18BFF89A2077563C" box="[461,545,1885,1911]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
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19744 is a well-ossified skull that is incompletely preserved (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA6FF9F1DA0F89A27095633" box="[1234,1375,1885,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3D, E, I</figureCitation>
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), and resembling the general morphology of all
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA6FF9F1B0EF846215E56D0" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[636,776,1921,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA6FF9F1B0EF846215E56D0" box="[636,776,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The premaxillae and most of both maxillae are missing; thus, the overall cranial proportions cannot be evaluated. The skull is high, but its greatest height is less than a half of its greatest width. Tuberculate ornamentation is evident, but no crests are developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA7FF9E19B5FF5E23225008" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">
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The squamosal otic ramus is expanded and lacks a lateral wall. The otic plate is subquadrangular, without concave surface; its posterior margin ends at the level of the occipital condyles and does not project dorsal to the skull roof (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA7FF9E19A4FF26231351B0" box="[214,325,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3E, I</figureCitation>
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). The vomers bear dentigerous processes, but the poor preservation of these bones prevents determining whether of true teeth are present. A delicate ventral process is present on the lateral margin of the anterior ramus of pterygoid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA7FF9E19B5FE8A20A550BC" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E19B5FE8A236D502C" bold="true" box="[199,315,333,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA7FF9E180EFE8A2388502C" box="[380,478,333,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and single specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1B8DFE8A2129502C" authorityName="Agnolin" authorityYear="2005" box="[767,895,333,359]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusconii">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1B8DFE8A2129502C" box="[767,895,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. rusconii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has several possible synapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1C2CFE8A235950C0" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratophryidae</taxonomicName>
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(viz., skull exostosis, parieto-squamosal arch present, maxilla-squamosal contact, expanded squamosal otic ramus overlapping prootic, and absence of pars palatina on the anterior maxilla). In addition, it has several possible synapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E18C0FE7E20685098" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[434,574,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E18C0FE7E20685098" box="[434,574,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(viz., robust, bar-shaped maxillary processes of nasals, postorbital fenestra). These characters support its inclusion in
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1B12FE1A20BA50BC" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[608,748,477,503]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1B12FE1A20BA50BC" box="[608,748,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA7FF9E19B5FDC620F752A4" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The specific status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E18B0FDC620E45350" authorityName="Agnolin" authorityYear="2005" box="[450,690,513,539]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusconii">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E18B0FDC620E45350" box="[450,690,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Ceratophrys rusconii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, is questionable. Agnolín (2005) thought that it differed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E19A4FDE223375374" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1980" box="[214,353,549,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cranwelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E19A4FDE223375374" box="[214,353,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. cranwelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E18EBFDE220505374" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[409,518,549,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E18EBFDE220505374" box="[409,518,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having: (1) the postemporal fossa laterally expanded and anteroposteriorly reduced; (2) the postemporal fossa close to the orbit; (3) frontoparietal posteriorly constricted; (4) in lateral view, a large temporal fenestra, and an elongated quadratojugal and squamosal ventral ramus; (5) in posterior view, epiotic eminences reduced and angular; and (6) anterior ramus of pterygoid lacking robust posterolateral process. Agnolín’s (2005) postemporal and temporal fenestrae presumably are the postorbital and subtemporal fenestrae, respectively. His Characters 1–5 reflect small differences in the cranial proportions that vary intraspecifically in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1C7DFD1E27CA53B8" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1980" box="[1295,1436,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cranwelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1C7DFD1E27CA53B8" box="[1295,1436,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. cranwelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E19B5FD3A2362525C" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[199,308,765,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E19B5FD3A2362525C" box="[199,308,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA7FF9E1836FD3A23DF525C" box="[324,393,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the ventral ramus of squamosal seems to be broken; thus, its shape or expansion cannot be evaluated (Character 4,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA7FF9E1B3FFCE620CC5270" box="[589,666,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="C0641079FFA7FF9E1BF2FCE620CC5270" box="[640,666,801,827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">3I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Agnolín (2005) also reported that in lacking a robust posterolateral process on the anterior ramus of pterygoid (Character 6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1A67FC8221C75214" authorityName="Agnolin" authorityYear="2005" box="[789,913,837,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusconii">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1A67FC8221C75214" box="[789,913,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. rusconii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1DB3FC82271A5214" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1980" box="[1217,1356,837,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cranwelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1DB3FC82271A5214" box="[1217,1356,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. cranwelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1CF1FC8222B452C8" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1CF1FC8222B452C8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and he cited the unpublished thesis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA7FF9E1BE8FCAE217C52C8" author="Peri, S. I." box="[666,810,873,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" refId="ref24366" refString="Peri, S. I. (1993 c) Relaciones evolutivas de las especies de la Subfamilia Ceratophryinae (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Dr. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, La Plata, 223 pp." type="book" year="1993">Perí (1993c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As mentioned above, there are some inconsistencies in the naming and the scoring of the states of this character in this thesis. Nevertheless, the delicate ventral process observed on the anterior ramus of the pterygoid in
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA7FF9E1BC2FC7621525280" box="[688,772,945,971]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
19744 matches that observed in the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1C62FC7627CA5280" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1296,1436,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1C62FC7627CA5280" box="[1296,1436,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the southeastern clade and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1B72FC1220CC52A4" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1882" box="[512,666,981,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolzmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1B72FC1220CC52A4" box="[512,666,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. stolzmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA7FF9E19B5FC3E26775510" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">
|
||
No distinctive characters (or combination there of) support the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1A91FC3E26875558" authorityName="Agnolin" authorityYear="2005" box="[995,1233,1017,1043]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusconii">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1A91FC3E26875558" box="[995,1233,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Ceratophrys rusconii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species. In addition, the combination of characters of
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA7FF9E1BFCFBDA20B4557C" box="[654,738,1053,1079]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
19744 could be plesiomorphic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1D1BFBDA26A3557C" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1129,1269,1053,1079]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1D1BFBDA26A3557C" box="[1129,1269,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus,
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA7FF9E1C3AFBDA27CA557C" box="[1352,1436,1053,1079]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
19744 is assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E18F0FB8620585510" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[386,526,1089,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E18F0FB8620585510" box="[386,526,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA7FF9E1B36FB8620975510" authorityName="Agnolin" authorityYear="2005" box="[580,705,1089,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusconii">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1B36FB8620975510" box="[580,705,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">C. rusconii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considered
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA7FF9E1A3AFB85264C5510" box="[840,1050,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">species inquirenda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |