282 lines
47 KiB
XML
282 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="D2601ADE305EB219241965793C241D54" ID-CLB-Dataset="25962" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ada41293-20e6-4824-a8c4-f7e8eb6d16b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3373075" ID-ZooBank="16EDCB6E-49D1-4214-AEB3-203C19CA56A0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566365037521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicoli, Laura" docDate="2019" docId="3C7387AFFFA2FF9A19E5F96221B054D4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4658.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4658 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratophrys ameghinorum Fernicola 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="C04AFFD7FFAAFF931972FFC72256514B" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698751917165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="90E420EC5D008394D72E8047F91BEF06">The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C04F5C67242A1B550D333FEBDE1540CF">Nicoli, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="75194C0BFF6BA006299F345B7492849D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B7674A270E663492119DF17C2B79AAF0">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A132A94FF8A12DF6ECD2030E3923893D">2019-08-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EBE1A33749995016F0B504E6C3602FD1">4658</mods:number>
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<treatment id="3C7387AFFFA2FF9A19E5F96221B054D4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159217203" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C7387AFFFA2FF9A19E5F96221B054D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C7387AFFFA2FF9A19E5F96221B054D4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA2FF9B19E5F96220C957F4" box="[151,671,1701,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA2FF9B19E5F96220C957F4" blockId="8.[151,671,1701,1728]" box="[151,671,1701,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="EF2D81D5FFA2FF9B19E5F96220C957F4" bold="true" box="[151,671,1701,1728]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA2FF9B19E5F96220C957F4" authority="Fernicola 2001" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,671,1701,1728]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA2FF9B19E5F96220C957F4" bold="true" box="[151,671,1701,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA2FF9B19E5F9622388578B" bold="true" box="[151,478,1701,1728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Ceratophrys ameghinorum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA2FF9B1897F96220C957F4" author="Fernicola, J. C." box="[485,671,1701,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="385 - 391" refId="ref22081" refString="Fernicola, J. C. (2001) Una nueva especie de Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Neoogeno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38, 385 - 391." type="journal article" year="2001">Fernicola 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA2FF9A19E5F92A208E5054" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA2FF9A19E5F92A208E5054" blockId="8.[151,1436,1773,2015]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,1439]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA2FF9B19E5F92A2393564C" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,453,1773,1799]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA2FF9B19E5F92A2393564C" box="[151,453,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Ceratophrys ameghinorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was named by
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA2FF9B1B1CF92A217E564C" author="Fernicola, J. C." box="[622,808,1773,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="385 - 391" refId="ref22081" refString="Fernicola, J. C. (2001) Una nueva especie de Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Neoogeno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38, 385 - 391." type="journal article" year="2001">Fernicola (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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on the basis of a series of remains collected in sediments of the Monte Hermoso Formation (Late Miocene–Early Pliocene; reviewed by
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA2FF9B1D6EF8D626BC5660" author="Cione, A. L. & Tonni, E. P. & Bargo, M. S. & Bond, M. & Candela, A. M. & Carlini, A. A. & Deschamps, C. M. & Dozo, M. T. & Esteban, G. & Goin, F. J. & Montalvo, C. I. & Nasif, N. & Noriega, J. I. & Ortiz Jaureguizar, E. & Pascual, R. & Prado, J. L. & Reguero, M. A. & Scillato-Yane, G. J. & Soibelzon, L. & Verzi, D. H. & Vieytes, C. & Vizcaino, F. & Vucetich, M. G." box="[1052,1258,1809,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="257 - 278" refId="ref21278" refString="Cione, A. L., Tonni, E. P., Bargo, M. S., Bond, M., Candela, A. M., Carlini, A. A., Deschamps, C. M., Dozo, M. T., Esteban, G., Goin, F. J., Montalvo, C. I., Nasif, N., Noriega, J. I., Ortiz Jaureguizar, E., Pascual, R., Prado, J. L., Reguero, M. A., Scillato-Yane, G. J., Soibelzon, L., Verzi, D. H., Vieytes, C., Vizcaino, F. & Vucetich, M. G. (2007) Mamiferos continentales del Mioceno tardio a la actualidad en la Argentina: cincuenta anos de estudios. Ameghiniana, Publicacion Especial 11, 257 - 278." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Cione
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA2FF9B1D15F8D526F65660" box="[1127,1184,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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) exposed at the Farola Monte Hermoso locality (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA2FF9B1B7FF8F220075604" box="[525,593,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[182,1401,170,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[168,1420,170,1739]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributional map of extant and fossil Ceratophrys. The phylogeny of the extant species of Ceratophyrs were proposed by Faivovich et al.(2014). The numbers in circles represent the fossiliferous localities mentioned in the article: 1, Arroyo Chasicó; 2, Arroyo Tapalqué; 3, Conchillas; 4, Farola Monte Hermoso; 5, Fortín Necochea; 6, Lagoa Santa; 7, Laguna de Los Tres Reyes; 8, Mar del Plata and Miramar cities; 9, Ñuapua; 10, Olivos; 11, Puerta de Corral Quemado; 12, Quehué; 13, San Antonio and Paso Alsina; 14, Tarija. Black circles: localities where the presence of Ceratophrys was confirmed; white circles: the presence of Ceratophrys remains unconfirmed. The distributions of the extant species of Ceratophrys are represented by areas that approximately include all the reported records for each species; the distribution of most species, however, is not well known. Distributions are based on Lynch (1982) with corrections and additions from Barrio-Amorós 2004; Barrio 1980; Langone 1995; Maciel et al. 2013; Maneyro & Langone 2001; Ortiz et al. 2013; Peters 1967; Rivero 1961; Stuart et al. 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373077/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, locality 3). Additional material collected in sediments exposed in several coastal localities in the province of
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFA2FF9B1B54F89E20EB5638" box="[550,701,1881,1907]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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(
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<tableCitation id="F9580302FFA2FF9B1BB9F89E21485638" box="[715,798,1881,1907]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,538,564]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Fossil material attributed to Ceratophrys. W/D: Without data; UL: Unknown Institutional location; UN: unnumbered fossil material; Mio: Miocene; Pli: Pliocene; Ple: Pleistocene; Ho: Holocene; Fm: Formation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E0A56631FFA8FF9119E5FDDD203C5313" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="E0A56631FFA8FF9119E5FDDD203C5313">Table 1</tableCitation>
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) was also assigned to this species but, in most cases, the stratigraphic data are somewhat equivocal. Most of the fossils were recovered from coastal cliffs exposed between the cities of Mar del Plata and Miramar (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA2FF9B1B11F86620F056F0" box="[611,678,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[182,1401,170,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[168,1420,170,1739]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributional map of extant and fossil Ceratophrys. The phylogeny of the extant species of Ceratophyrs were proposed by Faivovich et al.(2014). The numbers in circles represent the fossiliferous localities mentioned in the article: 1, Arroyo Chasicó; 2, Arroyo Tapalqué; 3, Conchillas; 4, Farola Monte Hermoso; 5, Fortín Necochea; 6, Lagoa Santa; 7, Laguna de Los Tres Reyes; 8, Mar del Plata and Miramar cities; 9, Ñuapua; 10, Olivos; 11, Puerta de Corral Quemado; 12, Quehué; 13, San Antonio and Paso Alsina; 14, Tarija. Black circles: localities where the presence of Ceratophrys was confirmed; white circles: the presence of Ceratophrys remains unconfirmed. The distributions of the extant species of Ceratophrys are represented by areas that approximately include all the reported records for each species; the distribution of most species, however, is not well known. Distributions are based on Lynch (1982) with corrections and additions from Barrio-Amorós 2004; Barrio 1980; Langone 1995; Maciel et al. 2013; Maneyro & Langone 2001; Ortiz et al. 2013; Peters 1967; Rivero 1961; Stuart et al. 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373077/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, locality 8); these sediments have been interpreted to represent one or several units deposited during the Plio-Pleistocene (reviewed by Zarate 2005). Specimen MLP 52.IX.27.11 from Mar del Sur, a locality south of the city of Miramar, was assigned by
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1AFEFF5E261951F8" author="Frenguelli, J." box="[908,1103,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="325 - 485" refId="ref22369" refString="Frenguelli, J. (1921) Los terrenos de la costa atlantica en los alrededores de Miramar (prov. de Buenos Aires) y sus correlaciones. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Cordoba, 24, 325 - 485." type="journal article" year="1921">Frenguelli (1921)</bibRefCitation>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1D02FF5E27C151F8" ID-CoL="SNTS" authority="(Fernicola 2001)" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1136,1431,153,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1D02FF5E268351F8" box="[1136,1237,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C.ornata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1D90FF5E27D951F8" author="Fernicola, J. C." box="[1250,1423,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="385 - 391" refId="ref22081" refString="Fernicola, J. C. (2001) Una nueva especie de Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Neoogeno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38, 385 - 391." type="journal article" year="2001">Fernicola 2001</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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; but it also was thougt to represent
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1B66FF7A2086519C" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[532,720,189,215]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1B66FF7A2086519C" box="[532,720,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1BAFFF7A21DC519C" author="Fernicola, J. C." box="[733,906,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="385 - 391" refId="ref22081" refString="Fernicola, J. C. (2001) Una nueva especie de Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Neoogeno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38, 385 - 391." type="journal article" year="2001">Fernicola 2001</bibRefCitation>
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; contra Stoesel
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1D4BFF792627519C" box="[1081,1137,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
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2008). Frenguelli ascribed this fossil to the Aimaran Horizon, a paleosol considered equivalent to the inferior part of Fm. La Postrera (late Pleistocene–early Holocene fide
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1B7AFEC2209A5054" author="Tonni, E. P. & Cione, A. L. & Figinf, A. & Glaz, D. & Gasparini, G. M." box="[520,716,261,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="313 - 319" refId="ref25846" refString="Tonni, E. P., Cione, A. L., Figinf, A., Glaz, D. & Gasparini, G. M. (2002) El " piso Aymara " de la region pampeana de la Argentina. Cronologia radiocarbonica y paleontologia. Ameghiniana, 39, 313 - 319." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Tonni
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1B22FEC120DE5054" box="[592,648,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA3FF9A19B5FEEF21B054D4" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA3FF9A19B5FEEF239A53CC" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A19B5FEEF239C5008" bold="true" box="[199,458,296,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Osteological features.</emphasis>
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Examination of all the material attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1AA1FEEE27525008" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[979,1284,297,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1AA1FEEE27525008" box="[979,1284,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys ameghinorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="F9580302FFA3FF9A1C66FEEE273F5008" box="[1300,1385,297,323]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,538,564]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Fossil material attributed to Ceratophrys. W/D: Without data; UL: Unknown Institutional location; UN: unnumbered fossil material; Mio: Miocene; Pli: Pliocene; Ple: Pleistocene; Ho: Holocene; Fm: Formation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E0A56631FFA8FF9119E5FDDD203C5313" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="E0A56631FFA8FF9119E5FDDD203C5313">Table 1</tableCitation>
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) reveals that the general osteology of this robust toad resembles that of other species of
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1D30FE8A2698502C" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1090,1230,333,359]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1D30FE8A2698502C" box="[1090,1230,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1DAEFE8A2777502C" box="[1244,1313,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The skull is high, although its greatest height is less than a half of its greatest width. The squamosal otic plate is subtriangular in dorsal aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1824FE5223F850E4" box="[342,430,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), projects dorsally beyond the dorsal surface of the skull roof (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1D03FE52269D50E4" box="[1137,1227,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
), and extends posteriorly beyond the level of the occipital condyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1BA4FE7E21785098" box="[726,814,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Laterally, the squamosal otic ramus projects ventrally as a robust lateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A18DBFE1A205350BC" box="[425,517,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). A smooth crest is present along the lateral edge of the otic ramus separating its dorsal and lateral portions; the crest continues anteriorly over the zygomatic ramus of squamosal and the maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A19D2FDE222AC5374" box="[160,250,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The vomers are dentate. A delicate ventral process is present on the anterior ramus of the pterygoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1C1DFDE222EB5328" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The atlas possesses cotyles with discrete articular surfaces. A dorsal shield formed by several plates lies dorsal to Presacral Vertebrae I–IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA3FF9A19B5FD5627635534" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A19B5FD56236D53E0" bold="true" box="[199,315,657,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1831FD56202453E0" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[323,626,657,683]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1831FD56202453E0" box="[323,626,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses all proposed and possible synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1D82FD5627CB53E0" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[1264,1437,657,683]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratophryidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A19BBFD7223035384" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[201,341,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A19BBFD7223035384" box="[201,341,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1816FD7220495384" author="Rovereto, C." box="[356,543,693,719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref25369" refString="Rovereto, C. (1914) Los estratos araucanos y sus fosiles. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 25, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1914">Rovereto (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1BABFD7221CE5384" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[729,920,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1BABFD7221CE5384" box="[729,920,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1AB8FD7226655384" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1889" box="[970,1075,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1AB8FD7226655384" box="[970,1075,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. prisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1D97FD7227055384" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1253,1363,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1D97FD7227055384" box="[1253,1363,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of the squamosal otic plate (as squamosal expansion) and the presence of a crest.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1D10FD1E274B53B8" author="Fernicola, J. C." box="[1122,1309,729,755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="385 - 391" refId="ref22081" refString="Fernicola, J. C. (2001) Una nueva especie de Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Neoogeno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38, 385 - 391." type="journal article" year="2001">Fernicola (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A19BBFD3A23D0525C" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[201,390,765,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A19BBFD3A23D0525C" box="[201,390,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other species of the genus in the shape and orientation of the squamosal otic plate, the presence of a lateral crest, and the separation of the atlantal cotyles. Certainly, the squamosal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1C53FCE622B65214" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1C53FCE622B65214" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from those of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1B68FC8220F05214" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[538,678,837,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1B68FC8220F05214" box="[538,678,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because no other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1A01FC8221A95214" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[883,1023,837,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1A01FC8221A95214" box="[883,1023,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses squamosal otic plates that project dorsally beyond the dorsal surface of the skull roof. The shape and extension of this plate, however, is shared with the [
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1872FC4A205F52EC" box="[256,521,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1872FC4A23DC52EC" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[256,394,909,935]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarata">C. calcarata</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A18EAFC4A205F52EC" baseAuthorityName="Peri" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[408,521,909,935]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">C.cornuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
] clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1B13FC4A20F352EC" box="[609,677,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral wall observed in the otic ramus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1DDDFC4A273C52EC" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[1199,1386,909,935]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1DDDFC4A273C52EC" box="[1199,1386,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occursin the [
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A185FFC7620615280" box="[301,567,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A185FFC7623EE5280" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[301,440,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarata">C. calcarata</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A18B4FC7620615280" baseAuthorityName="Peri" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[454,567,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">C.cornuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
] and [
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1B0CFC7621C25280" box="[638,916,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1B0CFC7620B75280" baseAuthorityName="Vieira et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[638,737,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">C. aurita</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1B82FC7621C25280" baseAuthorityName="Vieira et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[752,916,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joazeirensis">C. joazeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
] clades (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1A85FC76266F5280" box="[1015,1081,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,170,1438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ceratophrys ameghinorum compared with selected living Ceratophrys. A, D, G, J, Ceratophrys aurita (MLP 1280); B, E, H, K, C. ameghinorum (MACN 14318); C, F, I, L, C. cornuta (MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G−I). The skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1C63FC7627CA5280" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[1297,1436,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1C63FC7627CA5280" box="[1297,1436,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the [
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1985FC12205852A4" box="[247,526,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1985FC12230D52A4" baseAuthorityName="Vieira et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[247,347,981,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">C. aurita</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A181BFC12205852A4" baseAuthorityName="Vieira et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[361,526,981,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joazeirensis">C. joazeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
] clade have similar lateral crests to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1A8BFC1226E352A4" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[1017,1205,981,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1A8BFC1226E352A4" box="[1017,1205,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the [
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1C62FC12234A5558" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1C62FC12272252A4" baseAuthorityName="Vieira et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1296,1396,981,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">C. aurita</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1CF1FC12234A5558" baseAuthorityName="Vieira et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joazeirensis">C. joazeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
] clade, however, these crests are more conspicuous, perhaps because they are associated with a series of depressions in the skull roof that are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1BE8FBDA2101557C" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[666,855,1053,1079]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1BE8FBDA2101557C" box="[666,855,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A separation between the atlantal cotyles also characterizes other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A184DFB86239D5510" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[319,459,1089,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A184DFB86239D5510" box="[319,459,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1B7BFB8620C55510" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1980" box="[521,659,1089,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cranwelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1B7BFB8620C55510" box="[521,659,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. cranwelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA3FF9A1BEBFB8620845510" box="[665,722,1089,1115]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sggj-9jsz" name="Fundacion Miguel Lillo" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">FML</collectionCode>
|
||
5472; 5474). It should be noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1D19FB8627705510" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[1131,1318,1089,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1D19FB8627705510" box="[1131,1318,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles the species of the southeastern clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1B21FBA220895534" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[595,735,1125,1151]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1B21FBA220895534" box="[595,735,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a dorsal shield composed of several plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA3FF9A19B5FB4E21B054D4" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Neither the presence of a lateral crest, nor the morphology of the atlantal cotyles are unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1C62FB4E2365558C" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1C62FB4E2365558C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as has been previously thought. Nevertheless, this species possesses an exclusive combination of characters (
|
||
<tableCitation id="F9580302FFA3FF9A186AFB16233955A0" box="[280,367,1233,1259]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,244,1124,1151]" captionTargetBox="[151,1342,1198,2017]" captionText="TABLE 2. Osteological variation among Ceratophrys species. A= absent; H= height; P= present, Pt= Pterygoid; W= wide; SubQ= subquadrangular; SubT= subtriangular; OP= otic plate; LOC= level of the occipital condyles." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E0A56631FFACFF9519E5FBA3272D55E8" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="E0A56631FFACFF9519E5FBA3272D55E8">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), including a distinct orientation of the squamosal otic plate, that support its status as a distinct species. The binomium
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A18D7FB3220355444" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[421,611,1269,1295]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A18D7FB3220355444" box="[421,611,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may need to be corrected because it seems to represent the same species described by Rovereto in
|
||
<date id="C0641079FFA3FF9A18CBFADE20775478" box="[441,545,1305,1331]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" value="1914-01">1914—i.</date>
|
||
e., the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA3FF9A1B15FADE209F5478" box="[615,713,1305,1331]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and some
|
||
<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA3FF9A1A31FADE21F85478" box="[835,942,1305,1331]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1AA7FADE26DC5478" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[981,1162,1305,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1AA7FADE26DC5478" box="[981,1162,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C.ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
correspond to the material studied by this author; thus, the names of Rovereto’s varieties, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1A89FAF92617541C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1889" box="[1019,1089,1342,1367]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1A89FAF92617541C" box="[1019,1089,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">prisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may be available (
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA3FF9A1C6EFAFA2709541C" box="[1308,1375,1341,1367]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
Arts. 45.6.4.; 45.1−2). The phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1BD2FAA6210A5430" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[672,860,1377,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1BD2FAA6210A5430" box="[672,860,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A1AC2FAA6266A5430" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[944,1084,1377,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1AC2FAA6266A5430" box="[944,1084,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
awaits a phylogenetic analysis, given the mixture of characters it possesses of different clades of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |