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<document id="BC7CD45D02838CECA277F90095F00D37" ID-CLB-Dataset="4429" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.500.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4edeeee0-1c47-4869-b9c7-13139fc7db58" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424664" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630392385501" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Verma, Komal, Mehmood, Tahir, Uniyal, Priyanka, Kapoor, Rupam &amp; Sharma, Yash Pal" docDate="2021" docId="3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.500.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 500 (4)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/80517890-682d-3717-9486-02f3478a6a52/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Lactarius sarthalanus Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="C02CFFA5D21BFFF9FF9E5774FFB63028" masterDocTitle="Two new species of genus Lactarius (Russulaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="253" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1699265604936" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="61AD90053673616C4EE0259F6B0A6FC3">Two new species of genus Lactarius (Russulaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="660D612432E6386A3474ABCE324EE68C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FE2D39E54707AD23D7C8BC3C614EA710">Verma, Komal</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F60B17B2A79512D9129969C50F75788" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0937-4549</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5AC847B4EAA27AEBB28EC8A654B4682F">Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. &amp; vermakomal 506 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0937 - 4549</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9690C71B23BB2C6AA6148D05B1DFEB32" type="email">vermakomal506@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CC1BAB77A41C7A40B2066137DFC67CD9">Mehmood, Tahir</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C5484DA71A8063D3FEA42C4B22966EC3" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4297-9758</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3209F4B44814118A4DC2FE8CAAADFFD4">Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. &amp; mehmoodt 898 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4297 - 9758</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F784FC01C6B2648D43BE8372673B61C0" type="email">mehmoodt898@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A8774DFBDE16C9DD80FE477D7A38DC58" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C8FCDF7943910019169C5D6FE38145F8">
<mods:roleTerm id="223E090FB43D67275153CB605AFEE6BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1F5D2B6E39B79D80E61FA462D8E7DAF5">Uniyal, Priyanka</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="530ED52C19B439EBD620D0B13FB1881E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8233-5397</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F39C518D690BA3F2B1AD0BADD748DF7C">Department of Botany, Government PG College, Gopeshwar, Chamoli- 246 401, Uttarakhand, India. &amp; uniyalsppriyanka @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8233 - 5397</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="51792123FAFC68603CBD8C0CCD85F816" type="email">uniyalsppriyanka@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0A6D5E71EDCBEA81D8F72011BC23018D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="021779C765FFFE07841C44B34891B040">
<mods:roleTerm id="F65B092121DCC8C8ABA5E3EA4E630A93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DCD5A1B26EE046AE90BCF3B4A944EE5F">Kapoor, Rupam</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="148AD25BB360ED9479E624719FAEBCCE" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7817-2641</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DD615F582E9139EF7A122A9C23CB5A41">Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. &amp; kapoor _ rupam @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7817 - 2641</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7516D0B5C98E607526E1F5219C3616EB" type="email">kapoor_rupam@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="685B5EDEC71CA8AFCC6B8AD9B8FF34A5">Sharma, Yash Pal</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6447C24AF00561FFCD057273D1312C20" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3268-5588</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3C94ADCD21A754947EAB857483F3FF02">Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. &amp; yashdbm 3 @ yahoo. co. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3268 - 5588</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF5AF8360A3006BC04DDD926D13286DB" type="email">yashdbm3@yahoo.co.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C459CC17B3655A37D808BC3AA271F7C3">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="212B21E378C71C7BEBE2A28EEB602243">
<mods:date id="03B3E179D4E9537E3ADEF76B7B751667">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B6BDA6450756EC02B8A05992C49149BE">2021-05-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6BECB4DB61BD4FEE99CEA3A3FDF97A5D">500</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FEBCA710449630CFC6923F6EB4E63135">https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/80517890-682d-3717-9486-02f3478a6a52/</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3178A15C730F687DA0DE5C58BFC7A999">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CDBE72B9E76AA6341BC7D68ABFD8612D" type="CLB-Dataset">4429</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A43ABBB748D5DE4F579C8376B7911C07" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.500.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5483028" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185427468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5483028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<subSubSection id="FCA66540D218FFFAFF1655C0FE1E333E" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF1655C0FBF032E6" blockId="3.[136,1094,692,719]" box="[136,1094,692,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<heading id="EF4B81A7D218FFFAFF1655C0FBF032E6" box="[136,1094,692,719]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D218FFFAFF1655C0FCCF32E6" ID-CoL="9Z9QJ" authority="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y.P &amp; Mehmood" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,889,692,719]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF1655C0FE3132E7" bold="true" box="[136,391,692,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Lactarius sarthalanus</emphasis>
Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y.P &amp; Mehmood
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFC1F55C1FC6332E6" box="[897,981,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DFB57A2D218FFFAFC1F55C1FC6332E6" box="[897,981,693,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFC4255C0FBF032E6" bold="true" box="[988,1094,692,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<figureCitation id="2C872A4ED218FFFAFC4255C0FB9D32E6" box="[988,1067,692,718]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,196,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[189,1398,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lactarius sarthalanus. a–b. Basidiomata in the field; c. Gills showing latex; d. Cheiloleptocystidia; e. Pseudocystidia; f. Basidia; g. Transverse section through pileipellis; h. Marginal cells; i. Basidiospores under light microscope; j,k. Basidiospores under SEM. Scale bars: d–j = 10 μm. k=2 μm. Photos by: Komal Verma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2C872A4ED218FFFAFBA655C0FBF032E6" box="[1080,1094,692,718]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,2025,2047]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,201,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,2000]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lactarius sarthalanus. a. Basidia; b. Basidiospores; c. Pseudocystidia; d. Marginal cells; e. Pileipellis; f. Paracystidia. Scale bars: a, c–f = 10 μm b =2 μm. Drawings by: Komal Verma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">3</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF165588FE1E333E" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" box="[136,424,764,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">MycoBank:—MB838921</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FCA66540D218FFFEFF235454FA8A353C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF235454FDEC3313" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" box="[189,602,800,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
GenBank:
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,
<accessionNumber id="ABEFAB28D218FFFAFE555454FDE03313" box="[459,598,800,827]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW555577" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">MW555577</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF235430FADD3376" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" box="[189,1387,836,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
Etymology:—“
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D218FFFAFEF45430FE583376" authority="(Lat.)" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Lat." box="[362,494,836,862]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFEF45430FE583376" box="[362,494,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (Lat.) refers to the
<typeStatus id="6B078869D218FFFAFD4A5431FCB23377" box="[724,772,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
locality (Sarthal), Kathua,
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,
<collectingCountry id="CCAB765BD218FFFAFAB45430FAD13376" box="[1322,1383,836,862]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF23541CFC8F338F" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<materialsCitation id="04D43C96D218FFFAFF23541CFA9833AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341197309" box="[189,1326,872,899]" collectingDate="2020-09-09" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Sarthal &amp; Bani" country="India" location="Kathua district" municipality="Typification" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">
<collectingMunicipality id="5467ACB1D218FFFAFF23541CFEFD33AA" box="[189,331,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Typification</collectingMunicipality>
:—
<collectingCountry id="CCAB765BD218FFFAFEF2541CFE0B33AA" box="[364,445,872,898]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7678F829D218FFFAFE55541DFD7633AA" box="[459,704,872,899]" country="India" name="Jammu and Kashmir" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Jammu and Kashmir</collectingRegion>
:
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,
<collectorName id="1949531DD218FFFAFC14541CFC6A33AA" box="[906,988,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Sarthal</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="1949531DD218FFFAFC75541CFB9533AA" box="[1003,1059,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Bani</collectorName>
,
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<collectingDate id="D046E9E3D218FFFAFBAC541CFABF33AA" box="[1074,1289,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" value="2020-09-09">9 September 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFA86541DFA9833AA" box="[1304,1326,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">K</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFAB1541DFA8533AA" box="[1327,1331,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="04D43C96D218FFFAFAA3541DFA1233AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341197311" box="[1341,1444,873,899]" collectionCode="T" country="India" location="Verma" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFAA3541DFA3333AA" box="[1341,1413,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<location id="B1636010D218FFFAFAA3541DFA3333AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C:B1636010D218FFFAFAA3541DFA3333AA" box="[1341,1413,873,898]" country="India" name="Verma" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">Verma</location>
</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="D2ADAE0ED218FFFAFA09541DFA1233AA" box="[1431,1444,873,898]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFA09541DFA1233AA" box="[1431,1444,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">T</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFA3A541DFA1D33AA" box="[1444,1451,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="04D43C96D218FFFAFF1654F8FEF1338E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341197304" box="[136,327,908,934]" collectionCode="Y, P" country="India" location="Mehmood" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF1654F8FF49338E" box="[136,255,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<location id="B1636010D218FFFAFF1654F8FF4D338E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C:B1636010D218FFFAFF1654F8FF4D338E" box="[136,251,908,934]" country="India" name="Mehmood" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">Mehmood</location>
,
</emphasis>
&amp;
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<collectionCode id="D2ADAE0ED218FFFAFEBD54F9FE85338E" box="[291,307,909,934]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="D2ADAE0ED218FFFAFEA854F9FEF1338E" box="[310,327,909,934]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="04D43C96D218FFFAFED054F8FC80338F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341197305" box="[334,822,908,935]" collectionCode="CAL" country="India" location="Sharma" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="CAL 1838" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFED054F8FE13338E" box="[334,421,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<location id="B1636010D218FFFAFED054F8FE13338E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C:B1636010D218FFFAFED054F8FE13338E" box="[334,421,908,934]" country="India" name="Sharma" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">Sharma</location>
</emphasis>
KV-LK013, (
<specimenCode id="E41A9EB0D218FFFAFDDE54F8FD0D338E" box="[576,699,908,934]" collectionCode="CAL" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="Herbarium">CAL 1838</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="6B078869D218FFFAFD5854F8FC9B338F" box="[710,813,908,935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF2354C4FC753456" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
Diagnosis:—Distinct from all the known species of
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFC8254C5FC9A33E2" box="[796,812,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">L</emphasis>
. subg.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFC1D54C4FBA433E2" box="[899,1042,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Plinthogalus</emphasis>
by a combination of the following characters: light brown to dark brown pileus; yellowish white to brownish orange, crowded lamellae that bruise to deep orange when injured, with yellowish white margins; white latex turning pastel red on exposure; the absence of pleuromacrocystidia and cheilomacrocystidia, presence of abundant cheiloleptocystidia, a pileipellis and stipitipellis as trichopalisades, globose to subglobose basidiospores with ornamentation composed of ridges never forming a reticulum, and its occurrence in coniferous forests under
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFC985310FC753456" box="[774,963,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D218FFFAFC985310FC093456" box="[774,959,1124,1150]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deodara">Cedrus deodara</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF2353FDFBBD35CE" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF2353FDFEF7348A" box="[189,321,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Description</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFEFB53FCFE1D348A" box="[357,427,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Pileus</emphasis>
<quantity id="73449B2ED218FFFAFE2C53FCFD9B348B" box="[434,557,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="35.0">35–55 mm</quantity>
diam., convex when young, plano-convex with slightly depressed centre when mature, surface smooth, dry, slightly rugulose, reddish blond (5C4) when young, light brown to dark brown (5D4–5), yellowish grey (4C3) towards centre; margin entire to undulate.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFCF453A4FC6434C2" box="[874,978,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Lamellae</emphasis>
subdecurrent to broadly adnate, crowded (18–20/cm including lamellulae),
<quantity id="73449B2ED218FFFAFD945380FDDE3527" box="[522,616,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
wide, yellowish white to light yellow (4A2–4) when young, light orange (5A5) to brownish orange (5C5) when mature, orange to deep orange (6A7–8) on bruising after 10–15 minutes, margins yellowish white (4A2);
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFD9B5248FDCD357E" box="[517,635,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">lamellulae</emphasis>
numerous, unevenly distributed, 3–4 tiers.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFB1B5248FB0B357E" box="[1157,1213,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Stipe</emphasis>
40–65 ×
<quantity id="73449B2ED218FFFAFAAA5248FA11357F" box="[1332,1447,1340,1367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="6.0">6–13 mm</quantity>
, cylindrical, equal, sometimes tapering toward base, dry, central, brittle, concolorous with the pileus, sometimes white at base.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF7952F0FE8835B6" box="[231,318,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Context</emphasis>
yellowish white (4A2), pale to light orange (6A4–5) on exposure; stuffed in stipe, brownish red (8D7–8) in guaiacol, light yellowish in KOH and unchanging in FeSO
<subScript id="2838348ED218FFFAFC0E52CEFC2E35E0" attach="left" box="[912,920,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">4</subScript>
;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFC3852DDFC6D35EA" box="[934,987,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">taste</emphasis>
light acrid,
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFBC052DCFB1735EA" box="[1118,1185,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">odour</emphasis>
mild.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFB7652DDFA9035EA" box="[1256,1318,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Latex</emphasis>
moderately abundant, white, turning pastel red (8A4) on exposure.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFD6A52B8FCC735CE" box="[756,881,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Spore print</emphasis>
not obtained.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF235284FF6C37BE" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF235284FEED3622" box="[189,347,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Basidiospores</emphasis>
9–11.53–12.8 × 9–10.78–12 μm, (n = 40, Q = 1.0–1.04–1.10), globose to subglobose, amyloid, ornamentation composed of ridges (0.9–1.8 μm high) with entire to wavy edges, some shorter and irregular ridges are present in between main ridges, often with isolated warts, never forming a reticulum; plage distally amyloid.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF6C5128FEFE365E" box="[242,328,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Basidia</emphasis>
55–81 × 16–19 μm, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 2–4 spored; sterigmata 5–10 μm long.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF6451F4FE5536B2" box="[250,483,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Pleuromacrocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFDDE51F4FC8436B2" box="[576,818,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Pleuropseudocystidia</emphasis>
abundant, 7–9 μm wide, emergent up to 17–37 μm, unbranched.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFEBD51D0FDBD3696" box="[291,523,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Cheilomacrocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFDEF51D0FD6F3696" box="[625,729,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Gill edge</emphasis>
sterile.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFCA251D0FBA03696" box="[828,1046,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Cheiloleptocystidia</emphasis>
abundant, 38–70 × 6–9 μm and emergent up to 22–40 μm, cylindrical to clavate, round apex; sometimes with swollen base, with one to two cells at the base.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF6E5198FE57372E" box="[240,481,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Hymenophoral trama</emphasis>
composed of abundant lactifers, up to 10 µm wide.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFBBD5198FB23372E" box="[1059,1173,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a trichopalisade, 48–110 µm thick; suprapellis 25–35 µm deep made up of cylindrical to subclavate cells with brown intracellular pigmentation; subpellis composed of cylindrical to subround cells.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFD6B5040FCC33766" box="[757,885,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a palisade to a trichopalisade, 38–55 µm thick; stipitipellis hyphae 6–8 µm wide, terminal cells with intracellular brown pigment.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFBDE502CFAAE375A" box="[1088,1304,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Clamp connections</emphasis>
absent in all tissues.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD218FFFAFF2350D4FADB3793" blockId="3.[136,1452,764,1979]" box="[189,1389,1952,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFF2350D4FEA53792" box="[189,275,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Habitat</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFED750D4FE7A3792" box="[329,460,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">distribution</emphasis>
:—Solitary to scattered, on soil in coniferous forest dominated by
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D218FFFAFB2F50D4FAD03792" box="[1201,1382,1952,1978]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deodara">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D218FFFAFB2F50D4FAD03792" box="[1201,1382,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Cedrus deodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E0C36643D21FFFFDFF16502AFCBC3794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" startId="4.[136,229,1886,1908]" targetBox="[194,1394,196,1862]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21FFFFDFF16502AFCBC3794" blockId="4.[136,1452,1886,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFF16502AFDA0375B" bold="true" box="[136,534,1886,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
FIGURE 2.
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21FFFFDFE99502AFE54375C" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[263,482,1886,1908]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFE99502AFE54375C" bold="true" box="[263,482,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Lactarius sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. a–b
</emphasis>
. Basidiomata in the field;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFC83502AFC9E375B" bold="true" box="[797,808,1886,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">c</emphasis>
. Gills showing latex;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFB9C502AFBB9375B" bold="true" box="[1026,1039,1886,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">d</emphasis>
. Cheiloleptocystidia;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFB79502AFB44375B" bold="true" box="[1255,1266,1886,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">e</emphasis>
. Pseudocystidia;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFA03502AFA13375C" bold="true" box="[1437,1445,1886,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">f</emphasis>
. Basidia;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFF4150F6FF5D37BF" bold="true" box="[223,235,1922,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">g</emphasis>
. Transverse section through pileipellis;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFDEA50F6FD3737BF" bold="true" box="[628,641,1922,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">h</emphasis>
. Marginal cells;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFCB450F6FC8737B0" bold="true" box="[810,817,1922,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">i</emphasis>
. Basidiospores under light microscope;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFB2350F6FB6E37B0" bold="true" box="[1213,1240,1922,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">j,k</emphasis>
. Basidiospores under SEM. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFEAA50D2FEE33794" bold="true" box="[308,341,1958,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">d–j</emphasis>
= 10 μm.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21FFFFDFE2650D2FE733793" bold="true" box="[440,453,1958,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">k</emphasis>
=2 μm. Photos by: Komal Verma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E0C36643D21EFFFCFF16509DFD72380A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="258" startId="5.[136,229,2025,2047]" targetBox="[171,1415,201,1989]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21EFFFCFF16509DFD72380A" blockId="5.[136,1451,2024,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFF16509DFE4237D6" bold="true" box="[136,500,2024,2047]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">
FIGURE 3.
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21EFFFCFE9D509DFE6A37D6" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[259,476,2024,2046]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="258" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFE9D509DFE6A37D6" bold="true" box="[259,476,2024,2046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">Lactarius sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. a
</emphasis>
. Basidia;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFDCA509DFDD737D6" bold="true" box="[596,609,2025,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">b</emphasis>
. Basidiospores;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFC9E509DFCBD37D6" bold="true" box="[768,779,2025,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">c</emphasis>
. Pseudocystidia;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFC2C509DFC0937D6" bold="true" box="[946,959,2025,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">d</emphasis>
. Marginal cells;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFBFE509DFBDD37D6" bold="true" box="[1120,1131,2025,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">e</emphasis>
. Pileipellis;
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFB7D509DFB5D37D7" bold="true" box="[1251,1259,2025,2047]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">f</emphasis>
. Paracystidia. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFF235F79FF7F380A" bold="true" box="[189,201,2061,2082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFF4B5F79FF45380B" bold="true" box="[213,243,2061,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">c–f</emphasis>
= 10 μm
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21EFFFCFECE5F79FEEB380A" bold="true" box="[336,349,2061,2082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="258">b</emphasis>
=2 μm. Drawings by: Komal Verma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E0C36643D21DFFFFFF1650D5FD9637D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424672/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="259" startId="6.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[170,1389,190,1929]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21DFFFFFF1650D5FD9637D7" blockId="6.[136,1452,1953,2047]" pageId="6" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21DFFFFFF1650D5FEB6379E" bold="true" box="[136,256,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="259">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Phylogram resulting from ITS-rDNA sequences: The evolutionary history was inferred by applying maximum likelihood in RAxML GUI 2.0. Bootstrap support values (&gt;50%) obtained from the ML analysis are shown above or below the branches at nodes.
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21DFFFFFF16509EFEF037D6" authorityName="Verma &amp; Mehmood &amp; Uniyal &amp; Kapoor &amp; Sharma" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,326,2025,2047]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="6" pageNumber="259" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="drassinus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21DFFFFFF16509EFEF037D6" box="[136,326,2025,2047]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="259">Lactarius drassinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highlighted in bold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21CFFFEFF2357EBFB9B30F5" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFF2357EBFE103090" box="[189,422,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="04D43C96D21CFFFEFE5657EAFB9030F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3341197301" collectingDate="2020-09-09" collectionCode="K, Y, P" country="India" county="Kathua" elevation="2563" latitude="32.8325" location="Bani" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.787285" municipality="Sarthal" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">
<collectingCountry id="CCAB765BD21CFFFEFE5657EAFDAB3090" box="[456,541,158,184]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7678F829D21CFFFEFDB357EBFC933090" box="[557,805,158,185]" country="India" name="Jammu and Kashmir" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Jammu and Kashmir</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="5D624E47D21CFFFEFCAB57EAFC3F3090" box="[821,905,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Kathua</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5467ACB1D21CFFFEFC0457EAFC5A3090" box="[922,1004,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Sarthal</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B1636010D21CFFFEFC6357EAFB833090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C:B1636010D21CFFFEFC6357EAFB833090" box="[1021,1077,158,184]" country="India" county="Kathua" latitude="32.8325" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.787285" municipality="Sarthal" name="Bani" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Jammu and Kashmir">Bani</location>
,
<quantity id="73449B2ED21CFFFEFBD857EAFB173091" box="[1094,1185,158,185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.563" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="2563.0">
<elevation id="3F91D1F8D21CFFFEFBD857EAFB173091" box="[1094,1185,158,185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.563" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="2563.0">2563 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate id="D188500CD21CFFFEFB6B57EBFA383093" box="[1269,1422,158,187]" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="49.950" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" precision="1" value="32.8325">
N 32
<superScript id="43C99B83D21CFFFEFAAC57EAFA8C3084" attach="none" box="[1330,1338,158,172]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">o</superScript>
49.950ʹ
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D188500CD21CFFFEFA0457EBFEA630F7" degrees="079" direction="east" minutes="47.237" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" precision="1" value="79.787285">
E 079
<superScript id="43C99B83D21CFFFEFF2C57B6FF0C30F8" attach="none" box="[178,186,194,208]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">o</superScript>
47.237ʹ
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="C002100BD21CFFFEFE8557B6FE5D30F4" box="[283,491,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" value="2020-09-09">
<collectingDate id="D046E9E3D21CFFFEFE8557B6FE5D30F4" box="[283,491,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" value="2020-09-09">9 September 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFE6B57B7FDE830F4" box="[501,606,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
<collectionCode id="D2ADAE0ED21CFFFEFE6B57B7FDBD30F4" box="[501,523,195,220]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Verma
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFD0A57B7FC1630F4" box="[660,928,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
<collectionCode id="D2ADAE0ED21CFFFEFD0A57B7FD1330F4" box="[660,677,195,220]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="D2ADAE0ED21CFFFEFD3157B7FD7630F4" box="[687,704,195,220]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Sharma KV-LK013
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFC3057B6FB9030F4" box="[942,1062,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">KV-LK014</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21CFFFEFF235793FCD431D5" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFF235793FDA03128" box="[189,534,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
Notes:—
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFEBE5793FDA03128" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[288,534,230,256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">Lactarius sarthalanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is characterized by its light to dark brown pileus bruising deep orange when damaged; yellowish white to brownish orange, crowded lamellae with yellowish white margins, turning deep orange when injured; latex white turning pastel red on exposure, the absence of pleuromacrocystidia and cheilomacrocystidia, presence of abundant cheiloleptocystidia, a pileipellis and stipitipellis as trichopalisades and globose to subglobose basidiospores with ornamentation composed of ridges never forming a reticulum. The light brown to dark brown pileus turning deep orange when cut or bruised with a smooth, dry, velvety and slightly rugulose pilear surface, absence of macrocystidia, presence of cheiloleptocystidia, a trichopalisadal pileipellis with dark brown pigmented hyphal elements undoubtedly place this species in
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFDF25697FD3531D4" box="[620,643,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L.</emphasis>
subg.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFD525696FCED31D4" box="[716,859,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Plinthogalus</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21CFFFEFF235572FBD433F8" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
Phylogenetically, some European taxa, namely
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFD715573FC173208" box="[751,929,519,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="acris">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFD715573FC173208" box="[751,929,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Lactarius acris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFC315573FBE43208" box="[943,1106,519,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pterosporus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFC315573FBE43208" box="[943,1106,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. pterosporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFBC15573FB453208" box="[1119,1267,519,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ruginosus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFBC15573FB453208" box="[1119,1267,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. ruginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFA9F5573FA343208" box="[1281,1410,519,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="azonites">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFA9F5573FA343208" box="[1281,1410,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. azonites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are close to
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFF79555FFE3D326C" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[231,395,554,580]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFF79555FFE3D326C" box="[231,395,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They can be mistaken in the field due to their similar macromorphology (shape, colours of pileus and lamellae). However,
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFE74553BFDF03240" box="[490,582,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFE74553BFDF43240" box="[490,578,591,616]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="acris">L. acris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which is probably the closest known species (97–98% identity for 98% query coverage in BLAST search) to
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFE755507FD2332A4" box="[491,661,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFE755507FD2732A4" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[491,657,626,652]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">L. sarthalanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
can be differentiated by its creamy white to dark pinkish pileus, ixooedotrichodermal to ixotrichopalisadal pileipellis, an incomplete reticulum on the basidiospores and its fagaceous association.
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFE8C55CFFDBB32FC" box="[274,525,699,724]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pterosporus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFE8C55CFFDBB32FC" box="[274,525,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Lactarius pterosporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFCD455CFFC5832FC" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[842,1006,698,724]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFCD455CFFC5832FC" box="[842,1006,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its olivaceous buff to dark greyish colour pileus, less abundant latex, subglobose to ellipsoid larger basidiospores (Q = 1.05–1.40, av. 1.09–1.21) with a spiral pattern of ridges forming an incomplete reticulum and occurrence under fagaceous trees.
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFB555477FA1D3334" box="[1227,1451,771,796]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ruginosus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFB555477FA1D3334" box="[1227,1451,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Lactarius ruginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from our species by its crenate pileus margin, distant lamellae, basidiospores with a spiral pattern of ridges, never forming a reticulum, trichoepithelial pileipellis and its association with
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFC6B543FFBD4334D" box="[1013,1122,843,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFC6B543FFBED334C" box="[1013,1115,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Fagus sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFB07543FFA9F334D" box="[1177,1321,843,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFB07543FFA95334C" box="[1177,1315,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Carpinus sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFAAF543FFA1A334C" box="[1329,1452,843,868]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="azonites">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFAAF543FFA1A334C" box="[1329,1452,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. azonites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be segregated from
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFE01541BFDF333A0" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[415,581,878,904]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFE01541BFDF333A0" box="[415,581,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its pale ochraceous to clay-buff pileus with whitish stem, distant gills, basidiospores with incomplete reticulum, hyphoepithelium to trichoepithelium pileipellis and its ectomycorrhizal association with
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFEDA54C3FE7F33F9" box="[324,457,951,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFEDA54C3FE7433F8" box="[324,450,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Quercus sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D02D4B3AD21CFFFEFE4954C2FC9A33F8" author="Heilmann-Clausen, J. &amp; Verbeken, A. &amp; Vesterholt, J." box="[471,812,950,977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" pagination="287" refId="ref6078" refString="Heilmann-Clausen, J., Verbeken, A. &amp; Vesterholt, J. (1998) The genus Lactarius. Fungi o f Northern Europe 2: 287." type="journal article" year="1998">
Heilmann-Clausen
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFD2C54C3FD5533F8" box="[690,739,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
. 1998
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D02D4B3AD21CFFFEFCA954C2FBE033F8" author="Stubbe, D. &amp; Verbeken, A." box="[823,1110,950,976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" pagination="1490 - 1501" refId="ref6816" refString="Stubbe, D. &amp; Verbeken, A. (2012) Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus: the European taxa and American varieties of L. lignyotus re-evaluated. Mycologia 104: 1490 - 1501. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 12 - 039" type="journal article" year="2012">Stubbe &amp; Verbeken 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21CFFFEFF2354AEFBB93448" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFE1854AFFD2B33DC" authorityName="X. H. Wang, S. F. Shi &amp; T. Bau" authorityYear="2018" box="[390,669,986,1012]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albidocinereus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFE1854AFFD2B33DC" box="[390,669,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Lactarius albidocinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whichwasoriginallyreportedfromChina,alsoresembles
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFA9454AFFA1D33DC" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[1290,1451,986,1013]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFA9454AFFAAC33DC" box="[1290,1306,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFAB954AEFA1D33DC" box="[1319,1451,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a cream to greyish brown pileus, white latex turning reddish, and crowded lamellae that are orange to deep orange when bruised but the species differs in its broadly ellipsoid (Q 1.11–1.25, (1.16) basidiospores, trichoepithelial pileipellis, cutis-type stipitipellis and its occurrence under oaks (
<bibRefCitation id="D02D4B3AD21CFFFEFCC75332FBB53448" author="Shi, S. F. &amp; Wang, X. H. &amp; Baul, T." box="[857,1027,1094,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref6761" refString="Shi, S. F., Wang, X. H. &amp; Baul, T. (2017) Three new species of Lactarius (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Northeast China. Mycoscience: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. myc. 2017.11.001" type="book chapter" year="2017">
Shi
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFC195333FC0E3448" box="[903,952,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B40336CBD21CFFFEFF16531FFA8A353C" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFF16531FFC5034AC" authority="Uniyal, K. Das &amp; R. P. Bhatt (2019: 8)" authorityName="Uniyal, K. Das &amp; R. P. Bhatt" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="2019" box="[136,998,1130,1157]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pleuromacrocystidiatus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFF16531FFDB134AC" box="[136,519,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Lactarius pleuromacrocystidiatus</emphasis>
Uniyal, K. Das &amp; R.P. Bhatt (2019: 8)
</taxonomicName>
(with GenBank acc. nos.
<accessionNumber id="ABEFAB28D21CFFFEFAB6531EFA1134AD" box="[1320,1447,1130,1157]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF405081" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">MF405081</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="ABEFAB28D21CFFFEFF1653FAFEBB3480" box="[136,269,1166,1192]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MG791871" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">MG791871</accessionNumber>
), an Indian species, is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFD4153FBFC343480" authorityName="Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P &amp; Mehmood" authorityYear="2021" box="[735,898,1166,1192]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sarthalanus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFD4153FBFC343480" box="[735,898,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. sarthalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="2C872A4ED21CFFFEFC0B53FAFC643481" box="[917,978,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[185,1382,189,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[185,1402,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogram resulting from ITS-rDNA sequences: The evolutionary history was inferred by applying maximum likelihood in RAxML GUI 2.0. Bootstrap support values (&gt;50%) obtained from the ML analysis are shown above or below the branches at nodes. Lactarius sarthalanus is highlighted in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424666/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">Fig.1</figureCitation>
). Both species share some characteristics in the field in having light brown to brown basidiomata and white latex (
<bibRefCitation id="D02D4B3AD21CFFFEFB8053C6FAB134E4" author="Uniyal, P. &amp; Das, K. &amp; Bhatt, R. P." box="[1054,1287,1202,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" pagination="8" refId="ref6916" refString="Uniyal, P., Das, K. &amp; Bhatt, R. P. (2019) Lactarius pleuromacrocystidiatus (Russulaceae), a novel species from India. Kew Bulletin 74 (8). https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 019 - 9799 - 0" type="journal article" year="2019">
Uniyal
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFBE553C7FB0234E4" box="[1147,1204,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="73BC4D48D21CFFFEFA0B53C7FE3834D8" authorityName="Uniyal, K. Das &amp; R. P. Bhatt" authorityYear="2019" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="260" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pleuromacrocystidiatus">
<emphasis id="86C8EAD9D21CFFFEFA0B53C7FE3834D8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="260">L. pleuromacrocystidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily differentiated by having a radially rugose pileus, white latex changing to pale greyish orange on the lamellae and yellow on the context, and the presence of hyaline pleuromacrocystidia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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