283 lines
34 KiB
XML
283 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="54040" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c69a70e7-79d3-45c7-805d-368f4417b48b" ID-PMC="PMC10285686" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1167-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D429692623A754C08D662D12F227F9CC" ID-PubMed="37363739" ID-ZooBank="30B246906AA84998A79B5D6D4A0F4E31" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1167-109" checkinTime="1686777966054" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Monjaraz-Ruedas, Rodrigo, Mendez, Raymond Wyatt & Hedin, Marshal" docDate="2023" docId="FEDF6AA2A07B5423BB1DF8A63976A444" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1167: 109-157" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1167" docPubDate="2023-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463" docTitle="Hexurella zas Monjaraz-Ruedas & Mendez & Hedin 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="FC1E1237-52F5-44FA-A718-6B5FCB7DFC96" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="D429692623A754C08D662D12F227F9CC" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="D429692623A754C08D662D12F227F9CC" masterDocTitle="Species delimitation, biogeography, and natural history of dwarf funnel web spiders (Mygalomorphae, Hexurellidae, Hexurella) from the United States / Mexico borderlands" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1732479340389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3926FABBF911D75AC59379258B3884F7">
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<mods:title id="EA83A6CB860AAA05A59E7806D2DD544A">Species delimitation, biogeography, and natural history of dwarf funnel web spiders (Mygalomorphae, Hexurellidae, Hexurella) from the United States / Mexico borderlands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm id="50409FC5DC604D76BC7297084777F237">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2A64A4CB55D96A17463B7A1409F8B10A">Monjaraz-Ruedas, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="688650BF7AA72929F8CD25D6771F6027" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-3739</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BECEE10F60AD1F6F27B012AFFC02AA6B">Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 - 4614, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AAF85CB916458EA38382408D35B19957" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B31579F35CB84ADFDFF0D3673FD972FA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AACA30966BA4CF2D05AE9A5C580E6F39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="413546EC8A83FFFAA1AFBFCBD76CB4CD">Mendez, Raymond Wyatt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="89B471CDD824776697079FE47231FF91">2002 W Pogo Hill, Portal AZ 85632</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A2B98AFC637B322388545292F95635E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EB1D942175D57E5974AD7C14300DFDD9">Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FF06E1C9721ADEE5E8D30F4F82E3CAE">Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 - 4614, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FE19C742FEEFC7F348EC3A7DAA301027" type="email">mhedin@sdsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5DAE514FCDD40FF90B1FEB38EB9FD941">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B6D82EF25293FACEDD4FA0764FCE0B77">
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<mods:title id="5443830AC385785EE4BC7E233433A947">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="291281EBB1B32ACF28548570461CF0B0">
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<mods:date id="46505996327B3616E5325722B94A8519">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4DE67FA3A0DEC3D332E0BC2B7DB62D53">2023-06-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="49E094C08BC092358171D8FD4561F0D8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2DDA8F04683E4397E3AC11691CF4563F">1167</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="83C2395C3F9BE396B3337B7FCE632669">109</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F55F1A8BF4CD1FF6509D4739EA7F42D0">157</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="D0165B160C053E36B7CC4DD7D758C4FA">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="18C8FD0A7AA8606BE0F9384E191BF917">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="447902C5A275490FFF1C559D23C7EABB" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1F61108F539BBC4980E040E171582533" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1167-109</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FEDF6AA2A07B5423BB1DF8A63976A444" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209690123" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC1E1237-52F5-44FA-A718-6B5FCB7DFC96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FEDF6AA2A07B5423BB1DF8A63976A444" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" scope_family="Hexurellidae">
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<subSubSection id="7931943967BF03B65B9E05ABFC65C280" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="18A4189A7BA0CB723E47B01B2019D39B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="B1AE6AF1136DFB05584C738C87BE72E7" ID-CoL="C7GFF" LSID="https://zoobank.org/FC1E1237-52F5-44FA-A718-6B5FCB7DFC96" authority="Monjaraz-Ruedas & Mendez & Hedin, 2023" authorityName="Monjaraz-Ruedas & Mendez & Hedin" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Hexurellidae" genus="Hexurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexurella zas" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zas" status="sp. nov.">Hexurella zas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A8A0A1A8D90E5A4C7289360E34F6CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2D7F0DDBFF01B3B736467682E9DBDBBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="763D539B2208691643D2C06FE3B8F53A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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||
<figureCitation id="31C6DB93F52F9F0856D96C3BE709ED28" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. H. zas sp. nov. A ♂ holotype leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) B ♂ holotype palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) C ♂ leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) D ♂ palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) E live ♂, Mt. Ord (RWM 22 _ 102) F ♀ paratype (SDSU _ TAC 000694, Mt Ord)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864134" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9732383B5A29FA366B140062E791B6E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="17741E5BE470D6FBF3164913B59B264C" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="3E0695F2730F1CFFED980C003865A9E6" authority="Monjaraz-Ruedas & Mendez & Hedin, 2023" authorityName="Monjaraz-Ruedas & Mendez & Hedin" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Hexurellidae" genus="Hexurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexurella pinea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinea" status="sp. nov.">Hexurella pinea</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D51C891F5C680D8452E2EE2E0952407" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6864" author="Hedin, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B22" refString="Hedin, M, Derkarabetian, S, Alfaro, A, Ramirez, MJ, Bond, JE, 2019. Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci. PeerJ 7(e6864): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6864" title="Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci. PeerJ 7 (e 6864): 1 - 24." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6864" year="2019">Hedin et al 2019</bibRefCitation>
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||
: figs 3, 4, (in part).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5918A75716BDBE9B7D9DB6A66A6B8967" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="D4EEC1526A26718736BFE823C9B0F278" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96C990DD11EE93362DAF613B2B634B05" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="F1CFD8EA4F85B59D0EBB990D130D31F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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||
Type material:
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<materialsCitation id="D81356A10552CA97609B4C2D1F99C9BB" collectingDate="2022-04-15" collectorName="R. W. Mendez" county="Maricopa Co." latitude="33.9125" location="Mt. Ord" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-111.4145" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="1719C435BC94FBDD1DC66BA0C9C40C33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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||
<typeStatus id="311E54361AB4FDC2650C1A3C6A55F69E">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: -
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<collectingCounty id="867EC42E1CCB5AF1D6B272788D7D9363">Maricopa Co.</collectingCounty>
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•
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<specimenCount id="E6B97E12E927860D55BD41E974AD3285">♂</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="3CE2D67783DD490221E567436819FD94">holotype</typeStatus>
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;
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<location id="3E4D9AD7411D08FDAAE4FE75DB944236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FEDF6AA2A07B5423BB1DF8A63976A444:3E4D9AD7411D08FDAAE4FE75DB944236" county="Maricopa Co." latitude="33.9125" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-111.4145" name="Mt. Ord">Mt. Ord</location>
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||
,
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||
<locationDeviation id="1D3D0C4060BD108C13312C859C207CD9" location="Mt. Ord">
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<quantity id="68CD2E8D9D9A8F178E21C02C1ED70F5A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" unit="mi" value="0.5">0.5 mi</quantity>
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NW Mt. Ord
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</locationDeviation>
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summit, FDR-1688,
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<geoCoordinate id="E0F891744344C29FBCE9E562D44AAA60" degrees="33.9125" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9125">33.9125</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="B183A233E87E6BBFB0BD07BBDBBF4790" degrees="111.4145" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-111.4145">-111.4145</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
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<collectingDate id="24B73CA54010D8E2A900FC25C71DD8B2" value="2022-04-15">15 Apr. 2022</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName id="6ADBFF8C27B7712DDAD811541FC35DCA">R.W. Mendez</collectorName>
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leg.; RWM 22_102; SDSU_TAC000693
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="FAD7F64BEE7F27C4E60106714784C19D" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="R. W. Mendez" county="Maricopa Co." latitude="33.9125" location="Mt. Ord" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-111.4145" specimenCount="♀" typeStatus="Paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="6192B1EDB854F67F1A6819E77837478E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<typeStatus id="8924E1DE5C1601443E6DC1DEF6AD918F">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: •
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<specimenCount id="E8AEA5D8A3142C04372CFF511FC4850F">♀</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="AB99A5C4B7A03950922A89F4A6514828">paratype</typeStatus>
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; data as for holotype; SDSU_TAC000694
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="ECA949868087A689A069520FAF3150A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="type material">
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||
<paragraph id="BE21722777A4495F6ED8F6221EF0404F" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="401F9DCA156A59E0DF6787D262F639F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="8B052F2DF6F31BF0D5CC462CA2B60342" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">USA - Arizona, Maricopa Co.</emphasis>
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• 6♀, 5 imm; Mt. Ord, 0.5 mi NW Mt. Ord summit, FDR-1688,
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<geoCoordinate id="18A97E7F440C47C957727D962153517D" degrees="33.9119" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9119">33.9119</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1C33E26CAE6F8190B89E286FA1E2B801" degrees="111.4146" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-111.4146">-111.4146</geoCoordinate>
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; 11 Dec. 2021; R.W. Mendez, M.A. Leimroth leg.; RWM 21_082. -
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<emphasis id="CB5BB1485C371758404B96903A6B4078" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Maricopa Co.</emphasis>
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• 9♂; Mt. Ord, 0.5 mi NW Mt. Ord summit, FDR-1688,
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<geoCoordinate id="A80B3BE430E809B59581448D3DA33625" degrees="33.9125" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9125">33.9125</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F83449A43FBB7686BCBE3C53CFE31BB7" degrees="111.4145" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-111.4145">-111.4145</geoCoordinate>
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; 15 Apr. 2022; R.W. Mendez leg.; RWM 22_102. -
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<emphasis id="CF4979901547570574A0788655EF4709" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Yavapai Co.</emphasis>
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• 5♂, 3♀, 2 imm; Bradshaw Mtns, 2.15 mi S The Cements, off W Wagoner Road,
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<geoCoordinate id="FD75FF3B50F4A16895F3D478265A9C14" degrees="34.1374" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.1374">34.1374</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="392416A6CE60466976C9D85740F35659" degrees="112.4475" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-112.4475">-112.4475</geoCoordinate>
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; 14 Apr. 2022; R.W. Mendez leg.; RWM 22_100. -
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<emphasis id="876DDCA7AF38C7A8DB1C5B7129616F0D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Yavapai Co.</emphasis>
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• 1♀, 1 imm; Bradshaw Mtns, Crown King Road, near Perkins Tunnel Spring,
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<geoCoordinate id="E8D27F4837CD23DA335368ACBD285889" degrees="34.2263" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.2263">34.2263</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FEB7494828C2390103BD328AD264D448" degrees="112.3092" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-112.3092">-112.3092</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 24 Mar. 2012; M. Hedin, A.
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<normalizedToken id="6CB1BF68D1F25EDEECF248E9911A0063" originalValue="Schönhofer">Schoenhofer</normalizedToken>
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, C. Richart, A. DiDomenico, E. Stiner, K. Emata, E. Garcia, D. Sitzmann leg.; MCH 12_009.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C12B1F1C99D0CC4907AB2759FD7D475B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C84768D6D795B92FB95F026085D3452D" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="517FB808E71796B21631ACE09A66D7C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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Differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="D752AEDD5813B03312A62F9E2DC94509" lsidName="H. pinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="pinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF83810DC73ADD40ADA5ACCC16E81EB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. pinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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in the condition of prolateral male femur I, with
|
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<taxonomicName id="6B5A7EFB446D5A0180C0D980F72D0351" lsidName="H. zas" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="zas">
|
||
<emphasis id="44565B786F7D2B4D194A04ED02216436" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. zas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. possessing 11 or more long spines, totaling a larger number than found in
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<taxonomicName id="3D46103FD1D47B50AD2DAA8A1DD99F1E" lsidName="H. pinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="pinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C48E85E9B6EDCF2558A6D19547F1C19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. pinea</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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males (single exception noted above).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65F55F956A19ECA0416742AF14F7D374" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="97F0FEA0589A2CB31CBC94CEEAB28B41" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Description of ♂ holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="02D8FE29ABCB06F1C16776703A5BFA19" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
(SDSU_TAC000693; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E010AF84C74BB3911B8715F24FDEDCB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. H. zas sp. nov. A ♂ holotype leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) B ♂ holotype palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) C ♂ leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) D ♂ palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) E live ♂, Mt. Ord (RWM 22 _ 102) F ♀ paratype (SDSU _ TAC 000694, Mt Ord)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864134" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length (including chelicerae) 2.6, cephalothorax and appendages pale yellow cream (in alcohol), eye tubercle with dark pigmentation beneath. Fangs yellow cream like cephalothorax, with longer basal to medial hairs projecting inwards. Abdomen about concolorous with cephalothorax, evenly covered with fine hairs. Tergal plates barely lighter than abdomen, anterior rectangular plate covering most of abdominal width, posterior oval plate (hard to discern) covering ~ 2/3 abdominal width, both plates covered with fine hairs. Carapace (including chelicerae) 1.125 long, 0.825 wide, suboval in shape as viewed dorsally, gently rounded in front, slightly indented behind. Low and convex viewed laterally, essentially lacking hairs, a few fine hairs towards lateral posterior margins, without evident cephalic grooves, dorsal pigmentation (in alcohol) mostly lacking. Thoracic groove very shallow, linear, barely pigmented, 0.05. Eyes set on low tubercle, ~ 1/3 width of anterior carapace, offset from anterior carapace edge by distance equal to depth of tubercle itself. Anterior lateral eyes 2-3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39AE8ABC6884419FCD35D3D19660C561" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
larger than all others, themselves ca. equal in size. Anterior eye row very slightly procurved, posterior eye row approximately straight. Sternum 0.6 long, 0.5 wide, sparsely covered with hairs concentrated on lateral edges, sternal sigilla not obvious. Labium 0.1 long, 0.2 wide, with forwards-projecting hairs. Endites 0.25 long, 0.2 wide, whitish and thickened medially, forward projecting hairbrushes on prolateral edge. Chelicerae 0.4 long, 0.1 wide at base (viewed from above), promargin with four large teeth, microteeth between; retromargin with one basal microtooth. Leg formula 4132. All legs clothed with fine hairs; legs III and IV with more numerous spines on all surfaces, and with conspicuous spines distally. Leg I thickened, with femur 1/3 as deep as long, prolateral surface of femur with medial patch of 11 spines appearing as two diagonal rows (5 in basal row, 6 in distal row; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECD0FE14A7DD09FDA9D3B8FCAD45B3BC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. H. zas sp. nov. A ♂ holotype leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) B ♂ holotype palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) C ♂ leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) D ♂ palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) E live ♂, Mt. Ord (RWM 22 _ 102) F ♀ paratype (SDSU _ TAC 000694, Mt Ord)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864134" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), tibia and metatarsus with three and one ventral spines, respectively. Leg I (prolateral view) total length 2.2 (0.75, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3). Palp (prolateral view) total length 1.4 (0.5, 0.2, 0.4, 0.3). Palp clothed with fine pale hairs and weak spines; tibia thick, cylindrical, two times as long as deep; weak comb of 3-4 thicker retromarginal hairs on distal edge. Abdomen 1.5 long, 0.9 wide, suboval, somewhat flattened. Posterior median spinnerets slightly shorter than anterior laterals, posterior lateral spinnerets tapering, four-segmented. Embolus closely appressed to the conductor (viewed at 10X magnification).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B06980FB3D0BA64783224A64A4367101" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864134" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="967CFECC06314F5068630311153631A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C17569C13C288A7728237AC6AFD45B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ACD68AFD5E7C379D8D741F5465CB9A0" lsidName="H. zas" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="zas">
|
||
<emphasis id="6B513135B8F33F3A8D002F2ABA8FE3B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. zas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="CE2B2F04ECEC4B726EB2C323D705ED7F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
|
||
♂ holotype leg I, prolateral view (SDSU_TAC000693, Mt Ord)
|
||
<emphasis id="84F1CF0512B0F446331BC620B4777302" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
|
||
♂ holotype palp, retrolateral view (SDSU_TAC000693, Mt Ord)
|
||
<emphasis id="B0D02B126483E9BD3495DC8A02EDB224" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
|
||
♂ leg I, prolateral view (SDSU_TAC000692, Bradshaw Mtns)
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACF8312C414382C3EEF5F066C13B7B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D</emphasis>
|
||
♂ palp, retrolateral view (SDSU_TAC000692, Bradshaw Mtns)
|
||
<emphasis id="587D7B87BB3632013D8FA182DC88A969" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">E</emphasis>
|
||
live ♂, Mt. Ord (RWM 22_102)
|
||
<emphasis id="FB9923DCE1E138303613CF6B581A6679" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">F</emphasis>
|
||
♀ paratype (SDSU_TAC000694, Mt Ord).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3D306CF570F4EBAC4D328D28786F4F13" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6DDAECCA7FC03AD498B1FE30B260B921" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Description of ♀ paratype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B904DB0A68997EDE4976927620472E12" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
(SDSU_TAC000694; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9585EA2056F686A84914E90639F78AB6" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. H. zas sp. nov. A ♂ holotype leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) B ♂ holotype palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) C ♂ leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) D ♂ palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) E live ♂, Mt. Ord (RWM 22 _ 102) F ♀ paratype (SDSU _ TAC 000694, Mt Ord)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864134" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length (including chelicerae) 3.10, cephalothorax and appendages pale cream (in alcohol), including legs. Eye tubercle with dark pigmentation beneath. Fangs pale cream, clothed with long, basal hairs projecting inwards. Abdomen very slightly darker than cephalothorax, densely covered with fine hairs, heart mark apparent. Tergal plates ca. same color but shinier than abdomen, anterior oval plate covering most of abdominal width, posterior oval plate covering ~ 1/3 of abdominal width, both plates covered with fine hairs. Carapace (including chelicerae) 1.27 long, 0.87 wide, suboval in shape as viewed dorsally, gently rounded in front, slightly invaginated behind. Low and convex viewed laterally, essentially lacking hairs, a few fine hairs towards lateral posterior margins, without evident cephalic grooves, dorsal pigmentation (in alcohol) mostly lacking. Thoracic groove shallow, linear, slightly pigmented, 0.125. Eyes set on low tubercle, ~ 1/3 width of anterior carapace, offset from anterior carapace edge by distance equal to depth of tubercle itself. Anterior lateral eyes ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DE70E79BF245052ECB22E50C65A7BE2D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
larger than all others, themselves ca. in size. Anterior eye row very procurved, posterior eye row approximately straight. Sternum 0.7 long, 0.6 wide, sparsely covered with long hairs, sternal sigilla not obvious. Labium 0.1 long, 0.2 wide, gently rounded along whitish anterior edge, with forwards-projecting hairs. Endites 0.375 long, 0.3 wide, whitish and thickened medially, conspicuous forward projecting hairbrushes on prolateral edge. Chelicerae 0.5 long, 0.2 wide at base (viewed from above), promargin with three large teeth, microteeth between; retromargin with one basal microtooth. Leg formula 4132. All legs clothed with fine hairs; legs I and II mostly without dorsal or lateral spines but with ventral spines on tibia and metatarsus; legs III and IV with more numerous spines on all surfaces, and with conspicuous spines distally. Paired tarsal claws with 5-7 microteeth. Leg I (prolateral view) total length 2.2 (0.75, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.3). Palp (prolateral view) total length 1.5 (0.5, 0.3, 0.4, 0.3), clothed with long hairs, three spines on ventral tibia. Abdomen 1.8 long, 1.2 wide, suboval, somewhat flattened. Posterior median spinnerets slightly shorter than anterior laterals, posterior lateral spinnerets tapering, four-segmented, third segment slightly longer than others and pseudo-segmented. Spermathecae damaged during dissection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="11E4FF1B0FD6FD79BE5C2904953B7F45" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="D70BD2429B7F159F0CC66D8183F9BB2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A04C316495C1BFF6CACD43B427604552" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Important male variation exists in both populations considered. A randomly chosen subset of three non-type males from the type locality (Mt. Ord) reveals a variable number of prolateral femoral spines (11-13), although not arranged in distinct diagonal rows as in the holotype specimen. These males also reveal variation in leg I metatarsus ventral spination, with up to 3 or 4 total spines. Consideration of a randomly chosen subset of four males from the Bradshaw Mtns (RWM 22_100) also reveals a variable number of prolateral femur I spines (from 11-16 long spines, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13FCF428905202B5DB79C6A759C11EAB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. H. zas sp. nov. A ♂ holotype leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) B ♂ holotype palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) C ♂ leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) D ♂ palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) E live ♂, Mt. Ord (RWM 22 _ 102) F ♀ paratype (SDSU _ TAC 000694, Mt Ord)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864134" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), again not obviously arranged in distinct rows, and with a variable number (3-4) of ventral spines on metatarsus I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5C04B1F12104331E4FCA965BA2F5529A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A26F00AEBC2EEE8F4B2C3EF45770555" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="57E4CE4836B7B3867AD2CF5A5489E633" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Known from three locations in low to mid-elevation (1325-1850m) habitats in the Arizona transition zone north of Phoenix. Collections in the Bradshaw Mountains are from sclerophyllous oak litter like that preferred by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5A0F8BFC2D893EF0498AA29A509CD06" lsidName="H. apachea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="apachea">
|
||
<emphasis id="5E3B2F3E5D04DA8BF534FEB3AE11A8C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. apachea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while Mt. Ord specimens were taken from nearly pure
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE7809765735087B3D173A946BC89809" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Rhamnus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhamnus ilicifolia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilicifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE6FC27EB85FC27785C2166BD461B2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Rhamnus ilicifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kellogg (Hollyleaf Redberry). The lower elevation collections in the Bradshaws have been in sheltered canyons and rock outcrops, where they are protected from the sun though remain mostly dry, while the higher elevation Mt. Ord locale was on an open, north-facing slope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC7C94B0017C1EE793C7ACFD4F659CEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="541E2BF5F050CBAD08C2A628ABBDCF09" lsidName="H. apachea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="apachea">
|
||
<emphasis id="55A8A97931813D5F299EAE58E08BF929" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. apachea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, webs consist of a convoluted structure of reticulate tunnels and void-filling sheets. Seemingly less reliant on organic substrates, however they have been collected in crumbly soils and gravel mixtures a short distance away from the main patches of litter. Mature males have been collected in April and May. Dedicated searching at Mt. Ord in mid-December 2021 produced numerous females and immatures, but no males. Pockets of snow were present on the ground, but spiders were still active in their webs. When revisiting the Mt. Ord location the following spring, densities in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADDC4802D03B3815DD2F667215B82A9D" lsidName="H. zas" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="zas">
|
||
<emphasis id="C45F27676DADFB210E5D892F0AD78D69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. zas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D71F86D602C7369C46239488045F47BD" lsidName="H. apachea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="apachea">
|
||
<emphasis id="298E01E17031730ED830753C4E7E49CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. apachea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with multiple individuals sharing small rocks and eleven males seen (two escaping) in an area of approximately 3 m2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="569ABB5B8F1501118270497562BF40BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A355C26DAC385442BAF102CC249A498" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C529971C0AC0B7A5FF3FF7C7724B585A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
A noun in apposition which means
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7DAB512A3B1281B4F5D0571FF29A1FCE" originalValue="“snow”">"snow"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the Western Apache language (Bray, 1998), referencing the colder temperatures and increased snowfall faced by this species in winter. The Western Apache, along with the Yavapai, are the original occupants of the land
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD105AE263EDE28DCDC48D0C826BACA5" lsidName="H. zas" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="zas">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9B79546E6C28ECE3E0B48AE6CFFB053" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. zas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is found on and their language is undergoing important revitalization efforts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="775960A68F2A7452009A5A3131E04184" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D5519E446DE6239C7F4F7DB5504BF48" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="99A44C37DEE2D26D6E3300E67F281CA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
DELINEATE and SPEEDEMON
|
||
<emphasis id="8D6CA9E9F65C861EAC272C353DE73CE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95F2AE1CD9B45C9A933214B6D8D48DE9" originalValue="ε">ε</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.0185 analyses (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="48B7BC3868291BEEEDA07F6FC40F5ED0" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Results of species delimitation analyses, showing support for each species across different methods and parameters. Fixed = Lineage constrained as " known " in DELINEATE analyses. Merged cells denote lineages recovered as a single species. " Hexurella pinea complex S " and " Hexurella pinea complex FS " correspond to H. zas sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F7F5AE92C58CF6D2CAD0FED50392A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" tableUuid="83F7F5AE92C58CF6D2CAD0FED50392A7">2</tableCitation>
|
||
) recover Bradshaws (South) as a separate species from Mt. Ord (FarSouth). We here conservatively treat these as conspecific, based on overall shared male leg I morphology (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A659BF0072A0F8F7A4BD6FCA10E3B651" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. H. zas sp. nov. A ♂ holotype leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) B ♂ holotype palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000693, Mt Ord) C ♂ leg I, prolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) D ♂ palp, retrolateral view (SDSU _ TAC 000692, Bradshaw Mtns) E live ♂, Mt. Ord (RWM 22 _ 102) F ♀ paratype (SDSU _ TAC 000694, Mt Ord)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864134" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9</figureCitation>
|
||
), the fact that this morphology varies within sample locations, and that patterns of character variation among these disjunct locations overlap. We recognize that these populations are geographically disjunct with mostly unsuitable intervening habitats (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2707E5ACDDFDD0B03DE90F419758ADC7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map of all collection localities. Phylogeographic lineage names for H. apachea as in text. The unsampled type locality of H. pinea is designated with a special symbol; all other type (or near type) localities were sampled, see text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1167.103463.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/864128" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">3</figureCitation>
|
||
); further sampling in the gap that separates these populations will be important in future research.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="049E447140A966CE1A96E7C0F6A8C1EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="E2C1301166DFAF86E904F14C5FE1C82E" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="464925C9517FE3B0679E03405655B4C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Likely secure in appropriate habitats.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |