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<document id="24BE01625B68D09DD3374A74C4A4D0AA" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae129" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="66682C6-8BE2-4FEA-ABCA-28500C7CD8C9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734032843711" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wood, Hannah M., Kulkarni, Siddharth, Ramírez, Martín J. &amp; Scharff, Nikolaj" docDate="2024" docId="038DD075FFCDC112FC3AFEF7FD38FF02" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae129.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae129" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sitamacho Wood, Kulkarni, Ramírez &amp; Scharff, 2024, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" masterDocId="FFB4A80DFFD8C104FFEDFF9BFF88FFC5" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography support ancient vicariance and subsequent dispersal out of Africa in Palpimanidae spiders (Araneae)" updateTime="1734032950213" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
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<mods:title id="72E73B33957214D7ED213901F26DB797">Phylogeny and biogeography support ancient vicariance and subsequent dispersal out of Africa in Palpimanidae spiders (Araneae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="21CA0C94968A46C6D5979E5564B6BD2D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="092FF607B325D5AAE256F0BD1EB6105C">
<mods:roleTerm id="D77D37AEA855C5BD32B78E2852BE8B28">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2A4723345DC70AA28E2714C2FDD38D63">Wood, Hannah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6E3E08782800CA2EA3CD58106F2D0618">Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 - 0188, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="051E1E85803C7C0D63F8AE9F266B0DD2" type="email">woodh@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7C177A97A1A645EDAA53DB7504F0A9AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DE9343CD4D16EC936C68E6CBDB1137FA">Kulkarni, Siddharth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A114F3CCEE385350E0089B91FC06661B">School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Ŋiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8BD0A2E9065A35B30552277429CEAB9D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5C464918D4A91B208BD8EBC0F784CB8E">Ramírez, Martín J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="78D1956395F7E279E94083AE325A4269">Division of Arachnology, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1EF54F00EBFB081A0F38A575CC872D6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5585242E9BF35869D47B8EBBC41108CC">Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="35709CB5A4CCF8AEC23C22D8F61A684E">Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DD4BC44C2F05DAA10BE38FE348CEF964">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1D70F377AE6D5F1FBF98072EFDD5306A">
<mods:date id="825B1B2498367FFC1BB64311A535D366">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2852B927386414A5AEF8ACE3C0508B5A">2024-10-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FEE8F789979B482429E6AC22A4E74EA2">202</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="026A3F8A64D0171381EC16802372C045" type="issue">
<mods:number id="47343DBB60D1BA9567602F673B7D27C5">2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E6F388A2934AD755B75B9915DFE0EE40">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae129</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="65F19D9B7A11A6ED604CC817D5B1EDB6">journal volume</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9C4B7B3B0B84F1B190FF5EFCB38114A5" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae129</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69FA8CBB48E714A461C539D6EDD42685" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038DD075FFCDC112FC3AFEF7FD38FF02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DD075FFCDC112FC3AFEF7FD38FF02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DD075FFCDC112FC3AFEF7FD38FF02" lastPageId="22" pageId="21">
<subSubSection id="C33E32E8FFCDC111FC3AFEF7FA8EFE43" box="[983,1286,364,391]" pageId="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC111FC3AFEF7FA8EFE43" blockId="21.[983,1286,364,391]" box="[983,1286,364,391]" pageId="21">
<heading id="D0D3D60FFFCDC111FC3AFEF7FA8EFE43" bold="true" box="[983,1286,364,391]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FC3AFEF7FA8EFE43" bold="true" box="[983,1286,364,391]" pageId="21">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FBCCFEF7FB11FE42" authorityName="Wood &amp; Kulkarni &amp; Ramírez &amp; Scharff" authorityYear="2024" box="[1057,1177,364,391]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FBCCFEF7FB11FE42" bold="true" box="[1057,1177,364,391]" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263000AFFCDC111FB73FEF7FA8EFE43" box="[1182,1286,364,390]" pageId="21" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E32E8FFCDC112FCC7FE36FD38FF02" lastPageId="22" pageId="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC111FCC7FE36FB0FFE01" blockId="21.[810,1159,429,453]" box="[810,1159,429,453]" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7FE36FBBEFE01" box="[810,1078,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="21">
<typeStatus id="549FDFC1FFCDC111FCC7FE36FCD2FE01" box="[810,858,429,452]" pageId="21">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FC46FE36FBBEFE01" authorityName="Wood &amp; Kulkarni &amp; Ramírez &amp; Scharff" authorityYear="2024" box="[939,1078,429,453]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tao" status="sp. nov.">Sitamacho tao</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263000AFFCDC111FBD6FE36FB0FFE01" box="[1083,1159,429,452]" pageId="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC111FCC7FE7DFC64FDF8" blockId="21.[810,1459,486,573]" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7FE7DFC11FE3B" box="[810,921,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="21">Etymology:</emphasis>
Ŋe name sita is Swahili for six, and macho is Swahili for eyes, for the six eyes found in these spiders; the gender is feminine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC111FCC7FDC4FC75FCD6" blockId="21.[810,1459,606,787]" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7FDC4FC18FDB3" box="[810,912,607,630]" italics="true" pageId="21">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Distinguished from all other palpimanids except
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FCC7FDE6FC0FFD50" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[810,903,637,661]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Hybosida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7FDE6FC0FFD50" box="[810,903,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hybosida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having six eyes, with the posterior median eyes (
<collectionCode id="ED35F9A6FFCDC111FCDFFD06FCE5FD70" box="[818,877,669,693]" pageId="21">PME</collectionCode>
) absent or vestigial. Distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FAE2FD06FAE4FD70" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[1295,1388,669,693]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Hybosida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FAE2FD06FAE4FD70" box="[1295,1388,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hybosida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the unique shape of the fovea, appearing like a wide, inverted u in dorsal view, and consisting of two slits/seams that diverge posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="131F7DE6FFCDC111FC68FD60FC65FCD6" box="[901,1005,763,787]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="19.[114,179,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[190,1384,146,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[190,1385,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 6. Sitamacho tao. AC, male less pedipalpal bulb (CASENT9053359): A, prolateral view; B, ventral view; C, retrolateral view. D, E, male (CASENT9053359) habitus: D, dorsal view; E, ventral view.F, female (CASENT9070078) habitus, ventral view. G, fovea, male (CASENT9053359). H, I, female (CASENT9070078) internal genitalia: H, posterior view; I, ventral view.Abbreviations:B, bursa; C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ms, membranous sacs; SP, sclerotized plate.Scale bars: 0.1 mm in AC, GI; 1 mm in DF." pageId="21">Fig. 6D, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC111FCC7FCAEFBE0F99E" blockId="21.[810,1460,820,1627]" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7FCAEFC29FC89" box="[810,929,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="21">Description:</emphasis>
Body ~
<quantity id="4CDCCC86FFCDC111FC14FCAFFBBCFC8E" box="[1017,1076,820,844]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long. Carapace, sternum, and chelicerae reddish brown. Carapace with fine tubercles, with scale texture on the lateral and posterior surfaces, with small setae that are longer around the eyes. Carapace domed, highest in middle, then steeply sloping down. Clypeus tall, approximately three times AME diameter. Chelicerae with patch of fine stridulatory ridges, with peg teeth present. Sternum, with scale texture, fused with intercoxal sclerites. Labium triangular, with a deep notch. Subcheliceral sclerite fused with carapace, forming foramen around cheliceral bases. Fovea bipartite, consisting of two slits that diverge posteriorly. AME approximately two times larger than
<collectionCode id="ED35F9A6FFCDC111FCB2FB16FC08FB61" box="[863,896,1165,1188]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="21">LE</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED35F9A6FFCDC111FC64FB16FC2FFB61" box="[905,935,1165,1188]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="21">LE</collectionCode>
contiguous.
<collectionCode id="ED35F9A6FFCDC111FBC1FB16FBE9FB61" box="[1068,1121,1165,1188]" pageId="21">PME</collectionCode>
absent or rudimentary. Legs, ordered by size from largest to smallest 1423, light reddish brown, without spines, with a thick brush of thickened setae on distal, ventral edge of metatarsi IIIV. Leg I most robust, with enlarged femora, and with patella about twice as long as femora. Tarsi with two superior claws with teeth, and light claw tusss present. Abdomen pale yellow, uniformly scaưered with light brown setae. Sclerotization encircling anterior portion of abdomen, extending to epigastric furrow. Light sclerotization around tracheal spiracle opening. ALS present;
<collectionCode id="ED35F9A6FFCDC111FB2FFA3CFB7DFA7A" box="[1218,1269,1447,1471]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Peabody Essex Museum" pageId="21">PMS</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED35F9A6FFCDC111FAD9FA3CFAD7FA7A" box="[1332,1375,1447,1471]" pageId="21">PLS</collectionCode>
absent. Female genitalia known only in
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FB9DFA5DFB74FA1B" authorityName="Wood &amp; Kulkarni &amp; Ramírez &amp; Scharff" authorityYear="2024" box="[1136,1276,1478,1502]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tao">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FB9DFA5DFB74FA1B" box="[1136,1276,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho tao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described below. Male pedipalpal bulbs with a small conductor, an embolus that is mostly hidden within the bulb until expansion, and a median apophysis. Female pedipalps with prolateral brush of hairs and with thickened tibia and tarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC111FCC7F9E7FA1BF8D7" blockId="21.[810,1460,1660,1810]" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7F9E7FC43F951" box="[810,971,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="21">Included species:</emphasis>
Ŋree described species, here transferred from
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FCC7F907FC0FF971" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[810,903,1692,1716]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Hybosida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7F907FC0FF971" box="[810,903,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hybosida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as new combinations:
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FB62F907FCE3F916" authority="(Berland, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesserti">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FB62F907FACDF971" box="[1167,1349,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho lesserti</emphasis>
(Berland, 1920)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FC92F920FAF1F916" authority="(Oketch &amp; Li, 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Oketch &amp; Li" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[895,1401,1723,1747]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machondogo">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FC92F920FBFAF916" box="[895,1138,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho machondogo</emphasis>
(Oketch &amp; Li, 2020)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FCC7F941FB40F936" authority="(Simon &amp; Fage, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Simon &amp; Fage" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[810,1224,1754,1779]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabra">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7F941FC5EF937" box="[810,982,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho scabra</emphasis>
(Simon &amp; Fage, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
, plus
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FAE9F941FA19F937" authorityName="Wood &amp; Kulkarni &amp; Ramírez &amp; Scharff" authorityYear="2024" box="[1284,1425,1754,1778]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tao" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FAE9F941FA19F937" box="[1284,1425,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho tao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263000AFFCDC111FA75F940FCDDF8D4" pageId="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and two undescribed species included in our phylogeny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC111FCC7F8A8FBACF88E" blockId="21.[810,1060,1843,1867]" box="[810,1060,1843,1867]" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7F8A8FC20F88E" box="[810,936,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="21">Distribution:</emphasis>
East Africa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B6163FFCDC112FCC7F8F6FD38FF02" blockId="21.[810,1459,1900,1987]" lastBlockId="22.[129,777,144,200]" lastPageId="22" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FCC7F8F6FC10F841" box="[810,920,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="21">Discussion:</emphasis>
Ŋe undescribed
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FBB7F8F7FA9BF841" box="[1114,1299,1900,1924]" pageId="21">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FBB7F8F7FB49F841" box="[1114,1217,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FAA1F8F7FCC1F866" authorityName="Wood &amp; Kulkarni &amp; Ramírez &amp; Scharff" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Sitamacho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tao">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FAA1F8F7FCC1F866" italics="true" pageId="21">Sitamacho tao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically similar to the described species, here transferred from
<taxonomicName id="4C241AE0FFCDC111FC0EF830FBC8F806" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[995,1088,1963,1987]" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Hybosida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950BD71FFCDC111FC0EF830FBC8F806" box="[995,1088,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hybosida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ŋese species share the uniquely shaped fovea, have no
<collectionCode id="ED35F9A6FFCEC112FE85FF0BFE17FF62" box="[360,415,144,167]" pageId="22">PME</collectionCode>
, and have a common configuration of the male palp (compare
<figureCitation id="131F7DE6FFCEC112FE7DFF34FE70FF02" box="[400,504,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="19.[114,179,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[190,1384,146,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[190,1385,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 6. Sitamacho tao. AC, male less pedipalpal bulb (CASENT9053359): A, prolateral view; B, ventral view; C, retrolateral view. D, E, male (CASENT9053359) habitus: D, dorsal view; E, ventral view.F, female (CASENT9070078) habitus, ventral view. G, fovea, male (CASENT9053359). H, I, female (CASENT9070078) internal genitalia: H, posterior view; I, ventral view.Abbreviations:B, bursa; C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; Ms, membranous sacs; SP, sclerotized plate.Scale bars: 0.1 mm in AC, GI; 1 mm in DF." pageId="22">Figs 6AF</figureCitation>
with 7A, B, D, E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>