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<document id="778F98DEE9D0AC59D6588FFBD07CA626" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12808389" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808389" ID-ZooBank="4583EB82-8B38-4601-9608-C479D027FC70" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721837425166" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Young, Julia Janicki Daniel K." docDate="2021" docId="039AFF58FFCE220A86D9F7EFC1604189" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2021.0891.1-61.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2021 (891)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.4:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synolabus nigripes" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFA38720FFC922028619F73AC03E424F" masterDocTitle="Survey of the Attelabidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1721840566399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="9DEAD52CBCBC07C3FA8D4E3C8DD4E163">Survey of the Attelabidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67608D0B4782C8603DCCBBA1A7B3D9D4">Young, Julia Janicki Daniel K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E82EA11B573C95D3E7FFEC890EC9B2FE">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFCE220586D9F7EFC20A42BD" box="[192,564,213,242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFCE220586D9F7EFC20A42BD" blockId="7.[192,564,213,275]" box="[192,564,213,242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0C4F922FFCE220586D9F7EFC20A42BD" box="[192,564,213,242]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFCE220586D9F7EFC20A42BD" ID-CoL="53Y2W" authority="(LeConte)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" box="[192,564,213,242]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Synolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220586D9F7EFC20A42BD" bold="true" box="[192,564,213,242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220586D9F7EFC19542BD" bold="true" box="[192,427,213,242]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Synolabus nigripes</emphasis>
(LeConte)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFCE220586D9F7C3C113435C" box="[192,301,249,275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFCE220586D9F7C3C113435C" blockId="7.[192,564,213,275]" box="[192,301,249,275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
(
<figureCitation id="130852CBFFCE220586D1F7C3C11B435C" box="[200,293,249,275]" captionStart="Figures 34" captionStartId="7.[191,278,1900,1926]" captionTargetBox="[523,1251,728,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-182@7.[365,1267,711,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 34. Synolabus nigripes (LeConte). 3) Habitus, dorsal view. 4) Habitus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808393/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFCE220586D9F619C1CE43AA" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFCE220586D9F619C1CE43AA" blockId="7.[192,1440,291,620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220586D9F619C1024372" bold="true" box="[192,316,291,317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFCE2205875FF619C22D4372" box="[326,531,291,317]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Synolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE2205875FF619C22D4372" box="[326,531,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Synolabus nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the red dorsum and by the prothoracic femora that are toothed ventrally. It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFCE220584FBF67FC3BB4311" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[738,901,324,351]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Synolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipustulatus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220584FBF67FC3BB4311" box="[738,901,324,351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">S. bipustulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the red dorsum and by the rostrum that is only a little shorter than the pronotum and that is constricted at the antennal insertion. It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFCE220586E6F6B2C1F143ED" box="[255,463,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Homeolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220586E6F6B2C1F143ED" box="[255,463,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Homeolabus analis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the generally smaller size, by the red thoracic sterna (black in
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFCE220582B6F6B2C52C43ED" box="[1199,1298,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Homeolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220582B6F6B2C52C43ED" box="[1199,1298,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">H. analis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by the submental area in males that has a conspicuous median tooth and in females a swelling (a pair of projecting acuminate spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFCE22058764F6F6C1DE43AA" box="[381,480,459,485]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Homeolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE22058764F6F6C1DE43AA" box="[381,480,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">H. analis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFCE220A8719F6D6C4FF4162" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFCE220A8719F6D6C55643F1" blockId="7.[192,1440,291,620]" lastBlockId="8.[191,1440,214,446]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE22058719F6D6C1AC4049" bold="true" box="[256,402,492,518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CCBE3ABFFCE220587F4F6D6C2514048" box="[493,623,492,519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.54.5mm</quantity>
. Body robust. Integument bright red to black; elytra, thorax, base of head, prothoracic sternum, and abdomen bright red; legs, rostrum and antennae black. Head arcuate laterally from base to eyes; surface smooth, with few very small, widely separated, shallow, minute punctures and with two deeply impressed arcuate grooves along each eye; median area impressed from antennal insertion to above upper level of eyes. Rostrum a little shorter than head, constricted at antennal insertion; surface densely punctured, rugose; submental area in males with conspicuous median tooth, in females with swelling. Antennae inserted dorsolaterally near base of rostrum. Pronotum width about 1.5× length, widest at base; arcuate laterally, converging to recurved apex; disc evenly convex, with minute, impressed punctures, interpuncture space smooth and shining. Elytra width at base about 1.31.4× pronotal width, broadly rounded apically; striae not impressed, with large, shallowly impressed punctures in regular rows; interstriae about 3.0× strial width. Prothoracic femora of male armed with 12 blunt spine-like projections, of female unarmed or armed with 1 peg- like projection.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C1EC6FFCE220586A6F056C48645C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808393" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808393" box="[191,1208,1900,1926]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808393/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[191,278,1900,1926]" targetBox="[523,1251,728,1870]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFCE220586A6F056C48645C9" blockId="7.[191,1208,1900,1926]" box="[191,1208,1900,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220586A6F056C17045C9" bold="true" box="[191,334,1900,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figures 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFCE2205874CF056C2A245C9" authority="(LeConte)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" box="[341,668,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Synolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE2205874CF056C22145C9" box="[341,543,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Synolabus nigripes</emphasis>
(LeConte)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220584BCF056C28345C9" bold="true" box="[677,701,1900,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">3)</emphasis>
Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B947925CFFCE220585A8F056C3F745C9" bold="true" box="[945,969,1900,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">4)</emphasis>
Habitus, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFC1220A86D9F6F4C2C240DC" blockId="8.[191,1440,462,660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A86D9F6F4C14743A7" bold="true" box="[192,377,462,488]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Natural history.</emphasis>
This species has been recorded on winged sumac (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A85A0F6F4C4F043A7" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[953,1230,462,488]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="copallina">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A85A0F6F4C46543A7" box="[953,1115,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Rhus copallina</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
), poison ivy (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A837EF6F5C24E4045" authority="(Linnaeus) Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Toxicodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A837EF6F5C1A94045" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Toxicodendron radicans</emphasis>
(Linnaeus) Kuntze
</taxonomicName>
) and related plants. In
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFC1220A8568F6CAC3D74045" box="[881,1001,496,522]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
, this species has been recorded feeding on leaves of staghorn sumac (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A840BF528C3244063" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[530,794,530,556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="typhina">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A840BF528C29B4063" box="[530,677,530,556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Rhus typhina</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
). Specimens have also been reported from little bluestem (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A86D3F50FC28E4000" authority="(Michaux) Nash" authorityName="Nash" baseAuthorityName="Michaux" box="[202,688,565,591]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizachyrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparium">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A86D3F50FC1D64000" box="[202,488,565,591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Schizachyrium scoparium</emphasis>
(Michaux) Nash
</taxonomicName>
), sideoats grama (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A859EF50FC55A4000" authority="(Michaux) Torrey" authorityName="Torrey" baseAuthorityName="Michaux" box="[903,1380,565,591]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bouteloua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curtipendula">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A859EF50FC4B24000" box="[903,1164,565,591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Bouteloua curtipendula</emphasis>
(Michaux) Torrey
</taxonomicName>
) and prairie dropseed (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A879FF56DC287403E" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" box="[390,697,599,625]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sporobolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterolepis">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A879FF56DC249403E" box="[390,631,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Sporobolus heterolepis</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A84D0F56DC3AD403E" box="[713,915,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Synolabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A84D0F56DC3AD403E" box="[713,915,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Synolabus nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most often collected in prairies (dry, dry hill, sand, bluff) and savannas, as well as in oak barrens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFC1220A86D9F59EC4F640F1" blockId="8.[192,1224,676,702]" box="[192,1224,676,702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A86D9F59EC17C40F1" bold="true" box="[192,322,676,702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Phenology.</emphasis>
In
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFC1220A877EF59EC1E140F1" box="[359,479,676,702]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
, adults have been collected in May, June, July, August and October.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFC1220A86D9F5F4C4FF4162" blockId="8.[192,1440,718,813]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A86D9F5F4C19240A7" bold="true" box="[192,428,718,744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Collecting methods.</emphasis>
The 50
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFC1220A841BF5F4C24640A7" box="[514,632,718,744]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
specimens examined during this study from 12 counties represent a
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A8369F5F4C1774145" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">new state record</emphasis>
(Appendix 1). A series of specimens was collected on sumac (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFC1220A8211F5CAC4DC4145" box="[1032,1250,752,779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A8211F5CAC4014145" box="[1032,1087,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Rhus</emphasis>
Linnaeus spp.
</taxonomicName>
), others were on flowers in general, some were collected by sweeping and one was collected in a Malaise trap.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFC1220A86D9F407C1604189" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFC1220A86D9F407C2E54135" blockId="8.[192,1440,829,890]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A86D9F407C1654118" bold="true" box="[192,347,829,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A8778F407C1C64118" box="[353,504,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="F3240EDEFFC1220A8778F407C1CD4118" box="[353,499,829,855]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">United States</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, MN, MO, NC, NE, NJ, NM, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFC1220A86D9F4B3C1604189" blockId="8.[192,1440,905,966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFC1220A86D9F4B3C1CB41EB" bold="true" box="[192,501,905,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFC1220A86D9F4B3C10541EC" box="[192,315,905,931]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
county records.
</emphasis>
Burnett, Crawford, Dane, Dunn, Grant,
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFC1220A85A0F4B0C3CF41EB" box="[953,1009,906,932]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Iowa</collectingRegion>
, La Crosse, Manitowoc, Monroe, Polk, Sauk, Vernon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>