459 lines
47 KiB
XML
459 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710764" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica stitzi STITZ 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[854,1188,527,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stitzi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1037,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica stitzi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[1043,1188,528,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1295,561,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[816,1295,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="stitzi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,1043,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1100,1156,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">stitzi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[1165,1295,561,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[description and zoogeography]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
This taxon was described from near Eberswalde (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Germany" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
) under the unavailable name
|
||
<treatmentCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="KRAUSSE, 1926" authorityName="KRAUSSE" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="truncicola" variety="stitzi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1229,1384,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,931,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">truncicola</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,1037,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">stitzi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[1042,1209,689,711]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">KRAUSSE, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1217,1281,689,710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
are unknown. Within the four species known to occur in the vicinity of Eberswalde, the description matches the situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 50 samples with
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1241,1361,849,871]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="worker">92 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
and in 22 gynes.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FC6CD930FC771AB9" box="[933,998,881,903]" country="Belarus" county="The" municipality="For" name="These" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">These</location>
|
||
originated from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1193,1279,881,903]" name="Belarus" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Belarus</collectingCountry>
|
||
(one sample),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[816,883,913,935]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(seven), Czechia (one),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1159,1266,913,935]" name="Denmark" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
(one),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1347,1436,913,935]" name="Finland" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(two),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[890,969,945,966]" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(three),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1070,1175,945,966]" name="Germany" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(12),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1245,1313,945,966]" name="Japan" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(two),
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kazakhstan" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(seven),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1015,1139,977,998]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(11),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1202,1287,977,998]" name="Norway" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(one),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1363,1436,977,999]" name="Russia" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(two), and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[939,1030,1009,1031]" name="Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(one).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1109,1147,1009,1030]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">For</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[866,907,1041,1063]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
total of samples investigated either numerically or subjectively was 136.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Geographical range.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB59DE10FAB21D59" box="[1168,1315,1105,1127]" country="Netherlands" county="East Asian" latitude="42.0" longLatPrecision="22268" longitude="148.0" municipality="Western Kurils" name="Eurosiberian" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Eurosiberian</location>
|
||
, temperate to boreal; from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[979,1112,1137,1159]" name="Netherlands" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1181,1256,1137,1158]" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1269,1313,1136,1158]" degrees="5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="5.0">5° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) to Yakutsk at least (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[910,976,1169,1191]" degrees="62" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="62.0">62° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[987,1065,1169,1190]" degrees="130" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="130.0">130° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName box="[1084,1151,1169,1190]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">In NE</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1158,1226,1169,1191]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FAC9DED0FA091D99" box="[1280,1432,1169,1191]" country="Netherlands" county="East Asian" latitude="42.0" longLatPrecision="22268" longitude="148.0" municipality="Western Kurils" name="Ussuri region" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Ussuri region</location>
|
||
, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, the northern half of Honshu, and the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[816,977,1233,1255]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Western Kurils</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[989,1061,1233,1254]" degrees="148" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="148.0">148° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), it is replaced by the weakly deviating
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[855,969,1265,1287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">East Asian</collectingCounty>
|
||
population. The southern and northern distributional limits in Europe are
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1153,1214,1297,1318]" degrees="42" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="42.0">42° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1225,1320,1297,1319]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1377,1436,1297,1318]" degrees="71" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="71.0">71° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FCF3DF70FC2B1C79" box="[826,954,1329,1351]" country="Netherlands" latitude="71.0" name="North Cape" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">North Cape</location>
|
||
).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FC00DF70FB981C79" box="[969,1033,1329,1351]" country="Netherlands" latitude="67.0" municipality="Central Siberia" name="These" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">These</location>
|
||
are in
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1103,1269,1329,1351]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Central Siberia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, along the 100
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1422,1436,1328,1342]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">th</superScript>
|
||
degree of longitude,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1034,1094,1361,1383]" degrees="46" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="46.0">46° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1145,1209,1361,1383]" degrees="67" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="67.0">67° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB09DF10FABC1C58" box="[1216,1325,1361,1382]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="In Europe" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">In Europe</location>
|
||
occurring from the planar to montane zone, in the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB17DF30FA9E1CB9" box="[1246,1295,1393,1415]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Alps" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Alps</location>
|
||
ascending to
|
||
<quantity box="[816,894,1425,1446]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="1800.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[816,894,1425,1446]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FC43DFD0FC2F1C98" box="[906,958,1425,1446]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Rare" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Rare</location>
|
||
in the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FBCADFD0FBC31C99" box="[1027,1106,1425,1447]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Crimea" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Crimea</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB4DDFD0FB781C98" box="[1156,1257,1425,1446]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Caucasus" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Caucasus</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[1270,1427,1425,1447]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A population isolated from the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB4BDFF0FA831CF9" box="[1154,1298,1457,1479]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Eurosiberian" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Eurosiberian</location>
|
||
one is found in the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FCBEDF90FB1A1CD9" box="[887,1163,1489,1511]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Central Asian mountains" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Central Asian mountains</location>
|
||
– in
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1221,1432,1489,1511]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Dzungarian Alatau</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[816,929,1521,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Tian Shan</collectingCounty>
|
||
(here at
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1025,1088,1521,1542]" degrees="43" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="43.0">43° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
up to
|
||
<quantity box="[1154,1233,1521,1542]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="2700.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1154,1233,1521,1542]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), and Pamir south to Karakoram (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[983,1050,1552,1574]" degrees="35" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="35.0">35° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" lastBlockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Diagnosis of worker (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1203,1292,1584,1607]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1322,1424,1585,1607]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
, key). Polymorphic, with regional differences shown in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[816,898,1648,1671]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. Medium-sized, mean and maximum
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1317,1347,1649,1670]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
over all morphological and social phenotypes 1754 and
|
||
<quantity box="[1337,1432,1681,1702]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.177" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="2177.0">2177µm</quantity>
|
||
. Head moderately elongated,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1137,1168,1713,1734]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
|
||
/ CW
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1236,1274,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
|
||
1.099. Middle part of lateral clypeus more deeply depressed than in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,968,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,968,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex, anterolateral clypeus as a result forming a bead; median clypeal carina blunt or absent. Scape long and very slender,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1212,1240,1841,1862]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1263,1292,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1292,1330,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
|
||
0.985,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1408,1436,1841,1862]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/ Smax
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[896,934,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
|
||
10.87. Second and third segment of antennal funiculus more slender than in the species treated above, IF2 2.15 ± 0.09 (n = 70). Petiole scale narrow, PeW /
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1370,1399,1937,1958]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1437,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
|
||
0.442. Eyes always with microsetae, EyeHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1313,1352,1978,1992]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[1361,1433,1969,1990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal plane of scape usually with more setae than in other species, nSc
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[340,378,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
10.3. Except for the Hippie-morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,342,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,342,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, setae number on each place of the body larger than in any species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[520,596,241,262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[520,596,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, nCH
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
42.5, nGu
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[261,299,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
40.5, nPn
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[416,454,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
81.6, nMes
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[584,622,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
35.8, nPr
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
46.5, nMet
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[267,305,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
17.6. Hind margin of head usually with very long setae, but setae length on other body parts lower than in the most hairy morphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[459,663,369,390]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[459,663,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", OccHL 1750" authorityName=", OccHL" authorityYear="1750" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, OccHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[311,349,410,424]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[354,436,401,423]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="136.0">136µm</quantity>
|
||
, GuHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[512,550,410,424]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[555,637,401,422]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="187.0">187µm</quantity>
|
||
, mPnHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,410,424]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[151,220,433,454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="91.0">91 µm</quantity>
|
||
, MetHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[312,350,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[358,441,433,454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="142.0">142 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsum of head, in addition to the other elements of microsculpture, with deeper and broader microfoveolae which are usually the base of setae. Typical pigmentation in medium-sized to large workers: whole head, mesosoma, petiole, and frontal part of first gaster segment light orange brown; dark brown or blackish brown patches on vertex and dorsal mesosoma may occur in some samples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Diagnosis of gyne (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[475,560,689,711]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="18.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[159,1322,261,1996]" captionTargetId="graphics-27@18.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Tab.8: Gynes of the Formica truncorum species complex; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Tab. 8</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[584,680,689,711]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
, key). On average rather small but extremely size-polymorphic; minimum, mean, and maximum
|
||
<collectionCode box="[581,611,753,774]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
over all social phenotypes 1737, 2002, and
|
||
<quantity box="[478,578,785,807]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.256" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="2256.0">2256 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Head capsule in dorsal view appears trapezoidal, with more or less linear, frontad converging sides. Middle part of lateral clypeus more deeply depressed than in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[537,686,881,902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[537,686,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex, anterolateral clypeus as a result forming a bead; median clypeal carina absent. Scape long and slender,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[727,755,945,966]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode box="[151,181,977,998]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
0.903,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[261,289,977,998]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/ Smax 9.63. Petiole scale relatively narrow, PeW /
|
||
<collectionCode box="[231,262,1009,1030]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
0.597. Setae on whole body very numerous, very thin, and usually very long. EyeHL
|
||
<quantity box="[590,659,1040,1062]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 µm</quantity>
|
||
, nSc 28.0, nCH 62.6, OccHL
|
||
<quantity box="[346,427,1072,1094]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="215.0">215µm</quantity>
|
||
, nGu 65.1, GuHL
|
||
<quantity box="[616,698,1073,1095]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="267.0">267µm</quantity>
|
||
, PnHL
|
||
<quantity box="[151,233,1105,1126]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="242.0">242 µm</quantity>
|
||
, nMet 38.0, MetHL
|
||
<quantity box="[454,536,1105,1126]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="249.0">249 µm</quantity>
|
||
, nPe 15.0. Dorsum of first gaster tergite moderately shiny, with dense transverse microripples, rather dilute pubescence (sqPDG
|
||
<quantity box="[673,759,1168,1190]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.76" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="9.76">9.76 µm</quantity>
|
||
), and rather large, deep, and widely spaced microfoveolae. The latter may be occasionally absent. Light reddish pigmentation component on all body surfaces more developed than in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[277,351,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[277,351,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Taxonomic comments and clustering results.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[276,500,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[276,500,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as any species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex, is rarely confused with other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[305,453,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[305,453,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Occasional confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[207,410,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[207,410,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is possible due to high similarity in pilosity data and most of the body shape data and due to variation in pigmentation in both species. However, the separation by exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses shows an error <1% on the nest sample level in material from the whole Palaearctic range. Furthermore, the shape of clypeus and funiculus segments is usually diagnostic. In gynes, the separation from any species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[190,261,1713,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[190,261,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex is also clear in both exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses. Less hirsute specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[271,397,1777,1798]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, formerly identified as „
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[648,741,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,247,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SCHULTZ" box="[271,487,1809,1831]" etAl="& al." firstAuthor="SCHULTZ" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="201 - 207" part="8" refId="ref46449" refString="SCHULTZ, R., RADCHENKO, A. & SEIFERT, B. 2006: A critical checklist of the ants of Kyrgyzstan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 8: 201 - 207." title="A critical checklist of the ants of Kyrgyzstan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">SCHULTZ & al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), were re-classified in this study as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[243,388,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[243,388,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The current data give no indication that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[201,323,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[201,323,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does occur outside of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[565,635,1873,1895]" name="Georgia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" lastBlockId="37.[816,1437,177,999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
The Panpalaearctic population of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[550,771,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[550,771,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot reasonably be subdivided into clusters of separate taxonomic identity based on the morphological data available at present. On worker individual level, the West and Central Palaearctic population differs from the East Palearctic one by smaller
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1082,1110,209,230]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1130,1159,209,230]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1159,1196,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
, nPn
|
||
<subScript attach="right" box="[1250,1287,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
, and nMet
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1437,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[824,888,241,263]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Tab.5</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[902,987,241,262]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">ANOVA</collectionCode>
|
||
F
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1007,1041,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1,90</subScript>
|
||
> 15, p <0.001). Yet, it was not possible by any tested exploratory data analysis to cluster the East Palaearctic population separately – neither on individual nor on nest sample level. As a consequence,
|
||
<treatmentCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yessensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica yessensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[979,1146,369,390]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<treatmentCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1933" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximans">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1195,1437,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica approximans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[816,987,401,422]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">WHEELER, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
are synonymized here with
|
||
<emphasis box="[1285,1437,401,422]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1285,1433,401,422]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">F. truncorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A subdivision within the East Palearctic population is also not possible. Using nuDNA (microsatellites),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IMAI" etAl="& al." firstAuthor="IMAI" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="39451" part="6" refId="ref45889" refString="IMAI, S., KOBAYASHI, K., OHKUBO, Y., YAGI, N. & HASEGAWA, E. 2016: Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations. - Scientific Reports 6: art. 39451." title="Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations" type="journal article" year="2016">IMAI & al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
investigated the Japanese-Korean population. They could not show genetic differences between populations they had pre-determined as “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1129,1258,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yessensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1129,1258,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. yessensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” based on subjective assessment of setae numbers on hind tibia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IMAI" box="[931,1109,625,647]" etAl="& al." firstAuthor="IMAI" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="39451" part="6" refId="ref45889" refString="IMAI, S., KOBAYASHI, K., OHKUBO, Y., YAGI, N. & HASEGAWA, E. 2016: Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations. - Scientific Reports 6: art. 39451." title="Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations" type="journal article" year="2016">IMAI & al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a “robust” genetic indication for the presence of only a single Japanese-Korean population and a “fragile” morphological classification. For separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[996,1190,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[996,1190,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1241,1429,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1241,1429,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see section “
|
||
<treatmentCitation box="[956,1338,753,774]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="SANTSCHI, 1919" authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[956,1338,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[956,1155,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[1163,1338,753,774]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">SANTSCHI, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
” (p. 171) and “
|
||
<treatmentCitation box="[873,1240,785,806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[873,1240,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[873,1062,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[1068,1240,785,806]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
” (p. 172).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,177,999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Biology. See the species profile given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Gyne size polymorphism with large disperser gynes having more fat and glycogen and larger flight muscles than smaller inbreeding gynes is more strongly expressed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[954,1170,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[954,1170,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in any other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[884,1032,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,1032,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |