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<document id="217E2EDC66EFE60F329AE3DB1CA9C14A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12808389" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808389" ID-ZooBank="4583EB82-8B38-4601-9608-C479D027FC70" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721837425166" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Young, Julia Janicki Daniel K." docDate="2021" docId="039AFF58FFDE221A86D9F56EC2224794" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2021.0891.1-61.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2021 (891)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.4:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Temnocerus perplexus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFA38720FFC922028619F73AC03E424F" masterDocTitle="Survey of the Attelabidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1721840566399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="B501A661E712CF9C06CC6FB417D55239">Survey of the Attelabidae of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF13FC045C628B65558B787163E66120">Young, Julia Janicki Daniel K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D19CD45AAFCEA8B3EBE24214A4078263">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039AFF58FFDE221A86D9F56EC2224794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039AFF58FFDE221A86D9F56EC2224794" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039AFF58FFDE221A86D9F56EC2224794" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFDE221586D9F56EC257403F" box="[192,617,595,624]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F56EC257403F" blockId="23.[192,617,595,658]" box="[192,617,595,624]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0C4F922FFDE221586D9F56EC257403F" box="[192,617,595,624]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE221586D9F56EC257403F" ID-CoL="559RC" authority="(Blatchley)" baseAuthorityName="Blatchley" box="[192,617,595,624]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F56EC257403F" bold="true" box="[192,617,595,624]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F56EC1E8403F" bold="true" box="[192,470,595,624]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Temnocerus perplexus</emphasis>
(Blatchley)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFDE221586D9F542C17640DD" box="[192,328,632,658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F542C17640DD" blockId="23.[192,617,595,658]" box="[192,328,632,658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
(
<figureCitation id="130852CBFFDE221586D1F542C17E40DD" box="[200,320,632,658]" captionStart="Figures 2324" captionStartId="24.[192,279,1355,1381]" captionTargetBox="[548,1303,213,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-238@24.[307,1325,213,1305]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figures 2324. Temnocerus perplexus (Blatchley). 23) Habitus, dorsal view. 24) Habitus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808413/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2324</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFDE221586D9F599C384414B" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F599C384414B" blockId="23.[192,1441,675,772]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F599C10240F2" bold="true" box="[192,316,675,701]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE2215875AF59EC20940F2" box="[323,567,675,701]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE2215875AF59EC20940F2" box="[323,567,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Temnocerus perplexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the almost completely visible pygidium, by the rostrum that gradually widens from antennal insertion to apex, by the pronotum that is slightly longer than wide with dense, setigerous punctures, and by the large punctures on the head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFDE221586D9F42FC51E44F9" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F42FC1CA46FE" blockId="23.[191,1443,789,1201]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F42FC16D4160" bold="true" box="[192,339,789,815]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
Length of male
<quantity id="4CCBE3ABFFDE22158410F42FC2AF4160" box="[521,657,789,815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.7">1.72.6 mm</quantity>
, of female 2.0
<quantity id="4CCBE3ABFFDE22158523F42FC3AD4160" box="[826,915,789,815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
. Integument black, shiny, with faint blue sheen or without bluish reflections; apex of rostrum, antennae and apex of legs somewhat paler. Head quadrate, slightly longer than wide, with round, evenly spaced, setiferous punctures; interpuncture spaces with dense, shining, minute granules. Rostral length 1.3× length of head + pronotum, in lateral view distinctly flattened apically; sides in dorsal view gradually widening from antennal insertion apically, narrower at apex than frons; distinctly arcuate and weakly flattened apically; punctures large. Antennae in male inserted just in front of basal 0.2 of rostrum, in female inserted near basal 0.2 of rostrum. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, slightly narrowed apically, widest behind middle; disc with round to irregularly shaped, dense setigerous punctures, interpuncture space with a few granules. Elytral length&gt;2.0× width, width 2.0× pronotal width; striae not impressed, with deep, quadrate punctures; interstriae about 0.5× strial width, weakly convex, each interstria with 1 row of small, round, setiferous punctures. Pygidium almost completely visible, covered only at extreme base. Sexual dimorphism present in size and antennal insertion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F3F9C35C47C3" blockId="23.[191,1440,1218,1631]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F3F9C1464693" bold="true" box="[192,376,1218,1245]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Natural history.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDE2215840DF3F9C2E14692" author="Hamilton RW" box="[532,735,1219,1245]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref15206" refString="Hamilton RW. 1983 b. A new subgenus of Auletobius Desbrochers. The Southwestern Entomologist 8: 67 - 72." type="journal article" year="1983">Hamilton (1983b)</bibRefCitation>
, both
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE2215853AF3F9C42B4692" box="[803,1045,1219,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Auletobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassandrae">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE2215853AF3F9C42B4692" box="[803,1045,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Auletobius cassandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE22158252F3F9C5004692" box="[1099,1342,1219,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE22158252F3F9C5004692" box="[1099,1342,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Temnocerus perplexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the same general distribution in eastern North America; they have been collected at both separate and common sites, and occur on the same host plant, sweetfern (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE221584A7F233C37B476C" box="[702,837,1289,1315]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221584A7F233C37B476C" box="[702,837,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">C. peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The females of both species oviposit in and then cut the terminal leaf primordia of sweet fern, which causes this tissue to fall to the ground and provide food and protection for the larva. Adults of both species feed on leaves of sweetfern, though in different manners.
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE22158305F26AC11747C3" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE22158305F26AC11747C3" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Temnocerus perplexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds by scraping off strips of the upper epidermis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE22158719F2ACC1464410" blockId="23.[191,1440,1218,1631]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
Some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE221587D9F2ACC27D47E0" authorityName="Thungberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[448,579,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221587D9F2ACC27D47E0" box="[448,579,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Temnocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are “tip cutters”. Females of these species oviposit in young terminal plant growth; after oviposition they cut off the terminal part with their mandibles so the larvae can pupate in the ground after their development in the dead terminal tissues (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDE2215857AF2E6C42C47B9" author="Hamilton RW" box="[867,1042,1500,1526]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref15412" refString="Hamilton RW. 2010. Central American Temnocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae). Insecta Mundi 128: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2010">Hamilton 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDE2215823AF2E6C4D547B9" author="Hamilton RW" box="[1059,1259,1500,1526]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="511 - 522" refId="ref15152" refString="Hamilton RW. 1983 a. Biological data on the two North American rhynchitids (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) associated with the sweet fern, Comptonia peregrine L., with descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons of their immature stages. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 56: 511 - 522." type="journal article" year="1983">Hamilton (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
reported the tip cutting behavior of
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE22158784F13AC21C4456" box="[413,546,1535,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE22158784F13AC21C4456" box="[413,546,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">T. perplexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on sweetfern (
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE221584D1F2C5C38F4456" box="[712,945,1535,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221584D1F2C5C38F4456" box="[712,945,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the Midwest. The females in some other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFDE2215872BF119C18B4473" authorityName="Thungberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[306,437,1571,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE2215872BF119C18B4473" box="[306,437,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Temnocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known to oviposit in terminal buds or shoots without excising them (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDE221582FEF118C5A24473" author="Dieckman L." box="[1255,1436,1570,1596]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="5 - 54" refId="ref14634" refString="Dieckman L. 1974. Coleoptera - Curculionidae (Rhinomacerinae, Rhynchitinae, Attelabinae, Apoderinae). Beitrage zur Insektenfauna der DDR 24: 5 - 54." type="journal article" year="1974">Dieckman 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDE221586D9F17FC1524410" author="Hamilton RW" box="[192,364,1605,1631]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref15320" refString="Hamilton RW. 1994. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico: Family Nemonychidae. Agriculture Handbook 529 (134): 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1994">Hamilton 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F14AC4B544C4" blockId="23.[192,1163,1648,1675]" box="[192,1163,1648,1675]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F14AC17C44C5" bold="true" box="[192,322,1648,1674]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Phenology.</emphasis>
This species is univoltine. In
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDE22158490F14AC33F44C5" box="[649,769,1648,1674]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
, adults have been collected in June.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F1A1C51E44F9" blockId="23.[192,1312,1691,1718]" box="[192,1312,1691,1718]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F1A1C19344F9" bold="true" box="[192,429,1691,1718]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Collecting methods.</emphasis>
One
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDE221587F0F1A1C26144FA" box="[489,607,1691,1717]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
specimen was examined during this study from Wood County.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3291DC5FFDE221A86D9F1FCC2224794" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F1FCC141454B" blockId="23.[192,1440,1734,1796]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F1FCC16544AF" bold="true" box="[192,347,1734,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE22158779F1FDC1CB44AE" box="[352,501,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F3240EDEFFDE22158779F1FDC1CF44AE" box="[352,497,1735,1761]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">United States</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
CT, DC, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, ME, MI, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, WI.
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE22158358F1FDC59E44AE" box="[1345,1440,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F3240EDEFFDE22158358F1FDC5A544AE" box="[1345,1435,1735,1761]" name="Canada" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
NB, ON, PE, PQ.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFDE221586D9F02FC2E4451D" blockId="23.[192,1440,1813,1874]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFDE221586D9F02FC1C44560" bold="true" box="[192,506,1813,1839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="49F780ACFFDE221586D9F02FC1054560" box="[192,315,1813,1839]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
county records.
</emphasis>
This species was previously recorded from Oconto County (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDE221582A8F02FC0C6451D" author="O'Brien CW &amp; Wibmer GJ" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 382" refId="ref16000" refString="O'Brien CW, Wibmer GJ. 1982. Weevils of North America. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 34: i - ix, 1 - 382." type="journal article" year="1982">OBrien and Wibmer 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA233BFFFDE2215871AF002C222451D" author="Downie NM &amp; Arnett RH" box="[259,540,1848,1874]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" refId="ref14663" refString="Downie NM, Arnett RH Jr. 1996. The beetles of northeastern North America. Vol II. Polyphaga: Series Bostrichiformia through Curculionoidea. The Sandhill Crane Press; Gainesville, FL. 1721 p." type="book" year="1996">Downie and Arnett 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Oconto, Wood.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C1EC6FFD1221A86D9F271C5214729" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12808413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12808413" box="[192,1311,1355,1382]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12808413/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" startId="24.[192,279,1355,1381]" targetBox="[548,1303,213,1272]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD1221A86D9F271C5214729" blockId="24.[192,1311,1355,1382]" box="[192,1311,1355,1382]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD1221A86D9F271C1544729" bold="true" box="[192,362,1355,1382]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Figures 2324.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD1221A8768F277C2D94729" authority="(Blatchley)" baseAuthorityName="Blatchley" box="[369,743,1356,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Temnocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD1221A8768F277C25A4729" box="[369,612,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Temnocerus perplexus</emphasis>
(Blatchley)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD1221A84E9F271C328472A" bold="true" box="[752,790,1355,1381]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">23)</emphasis>
Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD1221A8213F271C40E472A" bold="true" box="[1034,1072,1355,1381]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">24)</emphasis>
Habitus, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C4E4EFFD1221A86D9F285C2224794" blockId="24.[192,540,1471,1500]" box="[192,540,1471,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B947925CFFD1221A86D9F285C2224794" bold="true" box="[192,540,1471,1500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C3335CDFFD1221A8712F285C2224794" authority="Desbrochers" authorityName="Desbrochers" box="[267,540,1471,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Auletini">Auletini Desbrochers</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>