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<document id="D70E4AB4CB0505B865CA2DB78F2D1339" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2017.1347297" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182650" ID-ZooBank="671922DB-C6C1-44A5-B2CD-A3A3127CB668" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628706896544" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dayrat, Benoît, Goulding, Tricia C., Apte, Deepak, Bhave, Vishal &amp; Ngô Xuân, Qu ảng" docDate="2017" docId="0228E761BB09B047FE5AFA5583834C56" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.51.31-32.1851-1897.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (31 - 32)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1347297" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melayonchis eloisae Dayrat 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EBF93DF3-439F-4180-9F03-C514D5BF9568" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1870" masterDocId="FE119F19BB02B053FFE2FF8181714955" masterDocTitle="A new genus and four new species of onchidiid slugs from South-East Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1897" masterPageNumber="1851" pageNumber="1861" updateTime="1699050290230" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EF644FAE7653924AF4B4F832495FAA42">A new genus and four new species of onchidiid slugs from South-East Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD0E2E02C4D7D151966888E60ADBC988">Dayrat, Benoît</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF44B6EB5EE33D2E8325C01974467934">Goulding, Tricia C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD05B7C0C99551AB61B4D53E0A45EDC0">Apte, Deepak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9FB42FC23A985030A21243D6710F5754">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="385CEF28597C18D6C4397C9FC0478C1E">Bhave, Vishal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="B38E9EFFF4A86CDECF3E8ABFDED515B3">
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<mods:namePart id="676BF25A1BAFC712C7D69EC31945F4E7">Ngô Xuân, Qu ảng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2A71DB6253E8C82AD15A68CE2D759093">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E735E7D533179FE4BB3518D31B430E73">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="57D8B84F3FC788D3162553BEEBB4ED31" type="series">
<mods:title id="AEDA405F0F9FBD63E6E935E115091CA6">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="B0BD5A5212682A041A08C10F4603DD1B">2017-07-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1BD57EAC02328568C4413644E4F355A1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2F45F3C74E21EC8C26A5D18137E7B9E5">51</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="248192730D35448BDA2B20D820B77E0B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7F1B49A08BA32FCDC59DF0534CEC85BE">31 - 32</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="80900DA93DAFA012DA5A92F40262FB86">1851</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F8D8C489E7D22B98DABBC3BF3A85BCC2">1897</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="9F3576FCB07D8D28003B87A05CBF1A1E" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2017.1347297</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A844939F9E963B3A46D5409BDBA09DD9" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0228E761BB09B047FE5AFA5583834C56" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EBF93DF3-439F-4180-9F03-C514D5BF9568" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0228E761BB09B047FE5AFA5583834C56" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="1870" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">
<subSubSection id="C29B05FCBB09B058FE5AFA55821D4CB8" box="[440,876,1492,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB09B058FE5AFA55821D4CB8" blockId="11.[440,876,1492,1546]" box="[440,876,1492,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">
<heading id="D176E11BBB09B058FE5AFA55821D4CB8" box="[440,876,1492,1517]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB09B058FE5AFA5582774CB8" ID-CoL="3ZDG3" authority="Dayrat" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[440,774,1492,1517]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB09B058FE5AFA5583C14CB8" bold="true" box="[440,688,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
Dayrat
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C6371EBB09B058FCEDFA55821D4CB8" box="[783,876,1492,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C29B05FCBB09B058FDAAFA7383AA4F5F" box="[584,731,1522,1546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB09B058FDAAFA7383AA4F5F" blockId="11.[440,876,1492,1546]" box="[584,731,1522,1546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">
(
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB09B058FDB2FA7383A24F5F" box="[592,723,1522,1546]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStart-3="Figure 6" captionStart-4="Figure 7" captionStart-5="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="12.[160,225,932,955]" captionStartId-1="14.[160,225,1416,1439]" captionStartId-2="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionStartId-3="18.[160,225,1149,1172]" captionStartId-4="19.[160,225,1546,1569]" captionStartId-5="20.[160,225,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1152,142,888]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1133,142,1385]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetBox-3="[163,1152,142,1114]" captionTargetBox-4="[164,1151,684,1514]" captionTargetBox-5="[163,1152,1342,1707]" captionTargetId-0="figure-199@12.[163,1152,142,901]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@14.[163,1152,142,1385]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetId-3="figure-137@18.[163,1152,142,1118]" captionTargetId-4="figure-144@19.[163,1153,684,1516]" captionTargetId-5="figure-430@20.[163,1152,1342,1708]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="19" captionTargetPageId-5="20" captionText-0="Figure 3. Habitats for Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Merbok, deep Rhizophora forest with old, tall trees, hard mud, many small creeks and many dead logs (station 21). (b) Vietnam, Can Gio, high intertidal, open forest of tall Rhizophora trees, hard mud, near a small river (station 228). (c) Brunei Darussalam, Mentiri, old mangrove with tall Rhizophora trees with high roots and Thalassina mounds (station 34). (d) Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, old and open Rhizophora forest of tall and beautiful trees, with hard mud, many creeks and many dead logs (station 29)." captionText-1="Figure 4. Live specimens, Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Holotype, dorsal view, undisturbed, 15 mm long [DNA 1011], Singapore (ZRC.MOL.6499). – (b) Same as (a), washed, dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right). (c) Dorsal view, undisturbed, 20 mm long, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS 51). (d) Dorsal view, washed, from 5 to 22 mm, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS 51). (e) Dorsal view, undisturbed, 13 mm long [DNA 5607], Vietnam (ITBZC IM 00009). (f) Dorsal view, 17 mm long [DNA 1097], Andaman Islands, station 57 (BNHS 49). (g) Dorsal view, washed, 20 mm long, Malaysia (USMMC 00007). (h) Same as F, rolled into a ball (left), ventral view (right)." captionText-2="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." captionText-3="Figure 6. Radula, Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Innermost lateral and lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (b) Lateral teeth, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). (c) Rachidian tooth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (d) Outermost lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (e) Lateral teeth, detail, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). The arrows indicate the lateral protuberance which is characteristic of the teeth in Melayonchis. Scale bars: a = 40 mm; b = 30 μm; c = 10 μm; d = 20 μm; e = 5 μm." captionText-4="Figure 7. Reproductive system, Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior, male apparatus. (b) Posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system. Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 1.5 mm." captionText-5="Figure 8. Penis,Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Malaysia (USMMC 00007,#2).(b) Malaysia (USMMC 00007,#1).– (c) Same as (b) detail. Scale bars: a, b = 100 μm; c = 20 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182656" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182658" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182662" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182664" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182666" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5182656/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5182658/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5182662/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5182664/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5182666/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">Figures 3–8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C29B05FCBB09B05EFF42F9BF82BC4AB3" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1863" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB09B058FF42F9BF80464F02" blockId="11.[160,1156,1598,1727]" box="[160,311,1598,1623]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB09B058FF42F9BF80464F02" bold="true" box="[160,311,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">Type locality</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB09B058FF42F9E3820F4FEA" blockId="11.[160,1156,1598,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">
<materialsCitation id="3AE95C2ABB09B058FF42F9E383F74FC8" collectingDate="2010-04-01" country="Singapore" latitude="1.3806667" location="Pasir Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.953735" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB09B058FF42F9E380644F2F" box="[160,277,1634,1658]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8F5E00ACBB09B058FEFCF9E380FC4F2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0228E761BB09B047FE5AFA5583834C56:8F5E00ACBB09B058FEFCF9E380FC4F2F" box="[286,397,1634,1658]" country="Singapore" latitude="1.3806667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.953735" name="Pasir Park" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861">Pasir Park</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB09B058FE75F9E3836F4F2F" box="[407,542,1634,1658]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="22.840" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" precision="1" value="1.3806667">01°22.840 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB09B058FDCBF9E383B14F2F" box="[553,704,1634,1658]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="57.224" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" precision="1" value="103.953735">103° 57.224 E</geoCoordinate>
<date id="FE3F70B7BB09B058FD25F9E3823F4F2F" box="[711,846,1634,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" value="2010-04-01">
<collectingDate id="EE7B895FBB09B058FD25F9E3823F4F2F" box="[711,846,1634,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" value="2010-04-01">1 April 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
[station 5, mangrove forest with rich litter, lobster mounds, dead logs]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3AE95C2ABB09B058FD73F904820B4FEA" collectingDate="2010-04-01" country="Singapore" latitude="1.3806667" location="Pasir Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.953735" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
By definition, the type locality is the locality of the
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB09B058FF0FF92680254FEA" box="[237,340,1703,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but the
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB09B058FE5FF92683504FEA" box="[445,545,1703,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1861" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is also from the same locality
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEFE06FFBB0EB05FFF42FC2582D24D18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182656/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" startId="12.[160,225,932,955]" targetBox="[163,1152,142,888]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0EB05FFF42FC2582D24D18" blockId="12.[160,1157,932,1101]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFF42FC25818B4AEE" bold="true" box="[160,250,932,955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Habitats for
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0EB05FFE99FC2583464AEE" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[379,567,932,955]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFE99FC2583464AEE" box="[379,567,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Merbok, deep
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0EB05FFBF5FC2585F24AEE" box="[1047,1155,932,955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFBF5FC2585F24AEE" box="[1047,1155,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest with old, tall trees, hard mud, many small creeks and many dead logs (station 21). (b) Vietnam, Can Gio, high intertidal, open forest of tall
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0EB05FFDDDFC5F83DA4AA0" box="[575,683,990,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFDDDFC5F83DA4AA0" box="[575,683,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees, hard mud, near a small river (station 228). (c) Brunei Darussalam, Mentiri, old mangrove with tall
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0EB05FFD50FC7D826F4D46" box="[690,798,1020,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFD50FC7D826F4D46" box="[690,798,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees with high roots and
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0EB05FFBFCFC7D85F24D46" box="[1054,1155,1020,1043]" class="Malacostraca" family="Thalassinidae" genus="Thalassina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFBFCFC7D85F24D46" box="[1054,1155,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Thalassina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mounds (station 34). (d) Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, old and open
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0EB05FFC81FB9882BE4D65" box="[867,975,1049,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFC81FB9882BE4D65" box="[867,975,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest of tall and beautiful trees, with hard mud, many creeks and many dead logs (station 29).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0EB05FFF42FB0C80344DF3" blockId="12.[160,1156,1165,1294]" box="[160,325,1165,1190]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFF42FB0C80344DF3" bold="true" box="[160,325,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0EB05FFF42FB30806B4C5B" blockId="12.[160,1156,1165,1294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">
<materialsCitation id="3AE95C2ABB0EB05FFF42FB30806B4C5B" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="One &amp; The &amp; B. Dayrat &amp; S. K. Tan" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB0EB05FFF42FB3080744D9C" box="[160,261,1201,1225]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 95% alcohol [DNA 1011], 15/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0EB05FFDBCFB3083DE4D9C" box="[606,687,1201,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
.
<collectorName id="277433A1BB0EB05FFD23FB30839F4D9C" box="[705,750,1201,1225]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">One</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB0EB05FFD18FB30822D4D9C" box="[762,860,1201,1225]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
: formalin, 22/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0EB05FFC1BFB30853D4D9C" box="[1017,1100,1201,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
.
<collectorName id="277433A1BB0EB05FFBB9FB3085F24D9C" box="[1115,1155,1201,1225]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">The</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB0EB05FFF42FB5280704DBE" box="[160,257,1235,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB0EB05FFE93FB5280A04DBE" box="[369,465,1235,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
are both designated here, leg.
<collectorName id="277433A1BB0EB05FFCA2FB5282D74DBE" box="[832,934,1235,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">B. Dayrat</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="277433A1BB0EB05FFC05FB5285314DBE" box="[999,1088,1235,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">S.K. Tan</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0EB05FFBB3FB5285F04DBE" box="[1105,1153,1235,1259]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">ZRC</collectionCode>
. MOL.6499).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0EB05FFF42FACD83744C30" blockId="12.[160,1156,1356,1727]" box="[160,517,1356,1381]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFF42FACD83744C30" bold="true" box="[160,517,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0EB05EFF42FAEE82BC4AB3" blockId="12.[160,1156,1356,1727]" lastBlockId="13.[160,1157,142,998]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1863" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFF42FAEE81AA4CD2" bold="true" box="[160,219,1391,1415]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0EB05FFF42FAEE81AA4CD2" box="[160,219,1391,1415]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Andaman Islands, Middle Andaman, Rangat, Shyamkund,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0EB05FFCB8FAEE82924CD2" box="[858,995,1391,1415]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="28.953" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" precision="1" value="12.48255">
12°28.953
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFC27FAEE82BA4CD2" bold="true" box="[965,971,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0EB05FFC0FFAEE85F04CD2" box="[1005,1153,1391,1415]" degrees="092" direction="east" minutes="50.638" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" precision="1" value="92.84396">
092°50.638
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFB87FAEE851A4CD2" bold="true" box="[1125,1131,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0EB05FFF42FA1380294CFF" box="[160,344,1426,1450]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" value="2011-01-11">11 January 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0EB05FFE81FA13809C4CFF" box="[355,493,1426,1450]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(17/12 [DNA 1097] to 7/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0EB05FFCE2FA1382344CFF" box="[768,837,1426,1450]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
), leg. B. Dayrat and
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0EB05FFBC6FA1385444CFF" box="[1060,1077,1426,1450]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Bhave [station 57, by a large river, deep mangrove with tall trees, small creeks, and plenty of dead muddy logs, next to a road and a small cemented bridge for creek] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0EB05FFC2BFA5685784CBA" box="[969,1033,1495,1519]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">BNHS</collectionCode>
49); India, Andaman Islands, South Andaman, Bamboo Flat, Shoal Bay,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0EB05FFCD7FA7B82B14F47" box="[821,960,1530,1554]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="47.531" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" precision="1" value="11.792183">
11°47.531
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFC42FA7B82D74F47" bold="true" box="[928,934,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0EB05FFC28FA7B852E4F47" box="[970,1119,1530,1554]" degrees="092" direction="east" minutes="42.577" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" precision="1" value="92.70962">
092°42.577
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFBA1FA7B85384F47" bold="true" box="[1091,1097,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0EB05FFB8AFA7B80424F60" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" value="2011-01-13">13 January 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0EB05FFEDFF99C80B44F60" box="[317,453,1565,1589]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
(22/12 to 5/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0EB05FFDAEF99C83FE4F60" box="[588,655,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
), leg. B. Dayrat and
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0EB05FFC84F99C82064F60" box="[870,887,1565,1589]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Bhave [station 59, open mangrove with medium trees, hard mud, dead logs, next to a road and a small cemented bridge for creek] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0EB05FFE80F9E380D34F2F" box="[354,418,1634,1658]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">BNHS</collectionCode>
51);
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFE34F9E3833F4F2F" bold="true" box="[470,590,1634,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0EB05FFE34F9E3833F4F2F" box="[470,590,1634,1658]" name="Singapore" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">Singapore</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Lim Chu Kang,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0EB05FFCE3F9E382FD4F2F" box="[769,908,1634,1658]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="26.785" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" precision="1" value="1.4464166">
01°26.785
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFC8EF9E382034F2F" bold="true" box="[876,882,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0EB05FFC74F9E385434F2F" box="[918,1074,1634,1658]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="42.531" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" precision="1" value="103.70885">
103° 42.531
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0EB05FFBF4F9E3856D4F2F" bold="true" box="[1046,1052,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0EB05FFBD9F9E381A94FC8" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" value="2010-04-05">5 April 2010</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0EB05FFF00F90480104FC8" box="[226,353,1669,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1862" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(21/12 [DNA 1003] mm), leg. B. Dayrat and S.K. Tan [station 9, mangrove east of the jetty; open forest with medium trees and medium mud; ended on sun-exposed mudflat outside the mangrove with soft mud; very polluted with trash] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFC37FF0F857949F3" box="[981,1032,142,166]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ZRC</collectionCode>
.MOL.6500).
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FF308076499C" bold="true" box="[160,263,177,201]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFF42FF308076499C" box="[160,263,177,201]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Peninsular Malaysia, Merbok,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFDB5FF308393499C" box="[599,738,177,201]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="39.035" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="5.6505833">
05°39.035
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFD20FF3083B9499C" bold="true" box="[706,712,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFD0FFF3082F3499C" box="[749,898,177,201]" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="25.782" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="100.4297">
100°25.782
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFC87FF30821A499C" bold="true" box="[869,875,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0FB05EFC69FF308566499C" box="[907,1047,177,201]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" value="2011-07-12">12 July 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0FB05EFBC3FF3081AD49B9" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="generic">31 specimens</specimenCount>
(22/12 [#1] to 5/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0FB05EFE73FF5580A349B9" box="[401,466,212,236]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
; 20/13 [#2], 10/7 [#3], 10/8 [DNA 951] mm), leg. B. Dayrat and
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFB93FF5585F049B9" box="[1137,1153,212,236]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">T</collectionCode>
. Goulding [station 21, deep
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFE20FF77834A485B" box="[450,571,246,270]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFE20FF77834A485B" box="[450,571,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest with old, tall trees, hard mud, many small creeks and many dead logs] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFE71FE98809C4864" box="[403,493,281,305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">USMMC</collectionCode>
00007); Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Merbok,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFC17FE98850E4864" box="[1013,1151,281,305]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="40.143" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="5.66905">
05°40.143
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFB82FE9885174864" bold="true" box="[1120,1126,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFF42FEBD80454801" box="[160,308,315,340]" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="26.178" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="100.4363">
100°26.178
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFEFBFEBA806E4806" bold="true" box="[281,287,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0FB05EFED9FEBD80B54801" box="[315,452,316,340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" value="2011-07-12">12 July 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0FB05EFE2EFEBD83224801" box="[460,595,316,340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(22/14 to 12/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0FB05EFD06FEBD82454801" box="[740,820,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
), leg. B. Dayrat and
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFBE7FEBD85644801" box="[1029,1045,316,340]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">T</collectionCode>
. Goulding [station 22, mostly
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFE9EFEDF80844823" box="[380,501,350,374]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFE9EFEDF80844823" box="[380,501,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, soft mud and some very soft mud near creek] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFBCBFEDF85F24823" box="[1065,1155,350,374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">USMMC</collectionCode>
00008); Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Sepatang,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFCE7FE0082FD48CC" box="[773,908,385,409]" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="50.434" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="4.8405666">04°50.434 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFC7AFE00855B48CC" box="[920,1066,385,409]" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="38.176" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="100.63627">100°38.176 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0FB05EFBD7FE0081A948E9" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" value="2011-07-18">18 July 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0FB05EFF00FE25801B48E9" box="[226,362,420,444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
(23/14 to 7/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0FB05EFE10FE25834448E9" box="[498,565,420,444]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
; 12/10 [DNA 922] mm), leg. B. Dayrat and
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFBE6FE25856548E9" box="[1028,1044,420,444]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">T</collectionCode>
. Goulding [station 27, old forest with old, tall
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFDF9FE4783E5488B" box="[539,660,454,478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFDF9FE4783E5488B" box="[539,660,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees, high in the tidal zone (ferns), following boardwalk in educational preserve, reached a creek lower in the tidal zone, with mud] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFF47FD8D818E4B71" box="[165,255,524,548]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">USMMC</collectionCode>
00009); Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Matang, off Kuala Sepatang, Crocodile River, Sungai Babi Manpus,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFE34FDAF83134B13" box="[470,610,558,582]" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="49.097" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="4.818283">
04°49.097
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFDA3FDAF83364B13" bold="true" box="[577,583,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFD8DFDAF82774B13" box="[623,774,558,582]" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="37.370" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="100.62283">
100°37.370
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFD0AFDAF839F4B13" bold="true" box="[744,750,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0FB05EFCF2FDAF82EE4B13" box="[784,927,558,582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" value="2011-07-19">19 July 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0FB05EFC49FDAF85444B13" box="[939,1077,558,582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(19/10 to 6/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0FB05EFF36FDD080664B3C" box="[212,279,593,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
), leg. B. Dayrat and
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFE0CFDD0808F4B3C" box="[494,510,593,617]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">T</collectionCode>
. Goulding [station 28, old and open
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFC6CFDD085794B3C" box="[910,1032,593,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFC6CFDD085794B3C" box="[910,1032,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest with tall trees, hard mud, creeks, and many dead logs] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFD04FDF282314BDE" box="[742,832,627,651]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">USMMC</collectionCode>
00010); Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Matang, close to the jetty, facing the fishermen’ s village on the other side of the river,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFF39FD3880144B84" box="[219,357,697,721]" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="50.154" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="4.8359">
04°50.154
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFEA5FD38803C4B84" bold="true" box="[327,333,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFE8CFD3883734B84" box="[366,514,697,721]" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="36.368" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="100.60613">
100°36.368
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFE05FD38809C4B84" bold="true" box="[487,493,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0FB05EFDEBFD3883E34B84" box="[521,658,697,721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" value="2011-07-20">20 July 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0FB05EFD78FD3882504B84" box="[666,801,697,721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
(21/15 to 8/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0FB05EFC46FD3882974B84" box="[932,998,697,721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
), leg. B. Dayrat and
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFF32FD5A81914BA6" box="[208,224,731,755]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">T</collectionCode>
. Goulding [station 29; oldest and open
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFD68FD5A82754BA6" box="[650,772,731,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFD68FD5A82754BA6" box="[650,772,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest of tallest and beautiful trees, with hard mud, many creeks and many dead logs] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFD06FD7F824F4A43" box="[740,830,766,790]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">USMMC</collectionCode>
00011);
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFC7CFD7F850C4A43" bold="true" box="[926,1149,766,790]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFC7CFD7F850C4A43" box="[926,1149,766,790]" name="Brunei" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Brunei Darussalam</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Mentiri, Jalan Batu Marang,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFE2BFCA0833D4A6C" box="[457,588,801,825]" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="59.131" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="4.9855165">04°59.131 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFDB6FCA083934A6C" box="[596,738,801,825]" degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="01.820" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="115.030334">115°01.820 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0FB05EFD0BFCA0821E4A6C" box="[745,879,801,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" value="2011-07-29">29 July 2011</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0FB05EFC95FCA0857A4A6C" box="[887,1035,801,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="generic">67 specimens</specimenCount>
(24/12 [#1] to 6/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0FB05EFF36FCC280674A0E" box="[212,278,835,859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; 7/5 [DNA 1043] mm), leg. B. Dayrat,
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFD4BFCC283C84A0E" box="[681,697,835,859]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">T</collectionCode>
. Goulding and S. Calloway [station 34, old mangrove with tall
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFE63FCE7808B4A2B" box="[385,506,870,894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFE63FCE7808B4A2B" box="[385,506,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees with high roots and
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFCD3FCE782D34A2B" box="[817,930,870,894]" class="Malacostraca" family="Thalassinidae" genus="Thalassina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFCD3FCE782D34A2B" box="[817,930,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Thalassina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mounds] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFBFCFCE7850A4A2B" box="[1054,1147,870,894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">BDMNH</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FC0880724AF4" bold="true" box="[160,259,905,929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFF42FC0880724AF4" box="[160,259,905,929]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Can Gio,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFE8DFC0880884AF4" box="[367,505,905,929]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="27.803" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="10.463384">
10°27.803
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFE39FC0880904AF4" bold="true" box="[475,481,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EFB530B0BB0FB05EFDE1FC0883E64AF4" box="[515,663,905,929]" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="53.288" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" precision="1" value="106.88813">
106°53.288
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFD9EFC0883F34AF4" bold="true" box="[636,642,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FE3F70B7BB0FB05EFD7DFC08825B4AF4" box="[671,810,905,929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" value="2015-07-16">16 July 2015</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9C879DFEBB0FB05EFCD0FC0882C84AF4" box="[818,953,905,929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(20/12 to 7/
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0FB05EFBDCFC0885F14AF4" box="[1086,1152,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; 13/8 [DNA 5607]), leg.
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFE40FC2A80C34A96" box="[418,434,939,963]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">T</collectionCode>
. and J. Goulding [station 228, high intertidal, open forest of tall
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFF42FC4F806B4AB3" box="[160,282,974,998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FC4F806B4AB3" box="[160,282,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees, hard mud not deep, near a small river] (
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFCF0FC4F82224AB3" box="[786,851,974,998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">ITBZC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="EC90CEB2BB0FB05EFCB8FC4F82044AB3" box="[858,885,974,998]" country="India" name="Indian Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">IM</collectionCode>
00009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C29B05FCBB0FB05EFF42FB9283244D24" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42FB92805D4D79" blockId="13.[160,1155,1043,1137]" box="[160,300,1043,1068]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FB92805D4D79" bold="true" box="[160,300,1043,1068]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42FBB783244D24" blockId="13.[160,1155,1043,1137]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<materialsCitation id="3AE95C2ABB0FB05EFF42FBB783204D24" country="Singapore" county="Strait" location="Andaman Islands" municipality="Peninsular" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFF42FBB780634D1B" box="[160,274,1078,1102]" name="Singapore" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB0FB05EFEC9FBB7802F4D1B" box="[299,350,1078,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">type</typeStatus>
locality),
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFE02FBB783664D1B" box="[480,535,1078,1102]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">India</collectingCountry>
(
<location id="8F5E00ACBB0FB05EFDD2FBB782724D1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0228E761BB09B047FE5AFA5583834C56:8F5E00ACBB0FB05EFDD2FBB782724D1B" box="[560,771,1078,1102]" country="Singapore" county="Strait" municipality="Peninsular" name="Andaman Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Andaman Islands</location>
),
<collectingMunicipality id="6A5ACC0DBB0FB05EFCFCFBB782E24D1B" box="[798,915,1078,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Peninsular</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFC47FBB785744D1B" box="[933,1029,1078,1102]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCounty id="635F2EFBBB0FB05EFBFCFBB7852B4D1B" box="[1054,1114,1078,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Strait</collectingCounty>
of Malacca),
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFEF2FBD883204D24" box="[272,593,1113,1137]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C29B05FCBB0FB047FF42FB1F83834C56" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="1870" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42FB1F806C4DE2" blockId="13.[160,1155,1182,1276]" box="[160,285,1182,1207]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FB1F806C4DE2" bold="true" box="[160,285,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42FB4085734DA9" blockId="13.[160,1155,1182,1276]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFF42FB40800B4D8C" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[160,378,1217,1241]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FB40800B4D8C" box="[160,378,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dedicated to Eloïse Dayrat, for the time that her father (the first author) has to spend away from her, exploring mangroves and missing her.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42FAA880044C17" blockId="13.[160,1156,1321,1519]" box="[160,373,1321,1346]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FAA880044C17" bold="true" box="[160,373,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
Habitat (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB0FB05EFEE9FAA8801C4C17" box="[267,365,1321,1346]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[160,225,932,955]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,888]" captionTargetId="figure-199@12.[163,1152,142,901]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Habitats for Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Merbok, deep Rhizophora forest with old, tall trees, hard mud, many small creeks and many dead logs (station 21). (b) Vietnam, Can Gio, high intertidal, open forest of tall Rhizophora trees, hard mud, near a small river (station 228). (c) Brunei Darussalam, Mentiri, old mangrove with tall Rhizophora trees with high roots and Thalassina mounds (station 34). (d) Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, old and open Rhizophora forest of tall and beautiful trees, with hard mud, many creeks and many dead logs (station 29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182656/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Figure 3</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42FACD83784CBA" blockId="13.[160,1156,1321,1519]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFF42FACD800B4C31" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[160,378,1356,1380]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FACD800B4C31" box="[160,378,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mostly found in the high intertidal, and it especially favours old
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFF42FAEE806D4CD2" box="[160,284,1391,1415]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42FAEE806D4CD2" box="[160,284,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forests with
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFE5BFAEE835D4CD2" box="[441,556,1391,1415]" class="Malacostraca" family="Thalassinidae" genus="Thalassina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFE5BFAEE835D4CD2" box="[441,556,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Thalassina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mounds. It lives on trunks and roots of mangrove trees, often not muddy but covered with algae instead. It can also be found on dead logs and even, occasionally, on cemented walls (of bridges or ditches near mangroves). It is not found directly on mud.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42F99D80574F60" blockId="13.[160,1155,1564,1727]" box="[160,294,1564,1589]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFF42F99D80574F60" bold="true" box="[160,294,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Abundance</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0FB05EFF42F9BE85254FEA" blockId="13.[160,1155,1564,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">
In the right habitat,
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFE7BF9BE837B4F02" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[409,522,1599,1623]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFE7BF9BE837B4F02" box="[409,522,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">M. eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be abundant (for instance, we found dozens of specimens in
<collectingCountry id="F29616E7BB0FB05EFEA3F9E380FD4F2F" box="[321,396,1634,1658]" name="Brunei" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Brunei</collectingCountry>
). However, even when the habitat seems perfect for it, one may not find it or may find just a few individuals. So, unlike some species of
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFC22F90485484FC8" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1938" box="[960,1081,1669,1693]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Platevindex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFC22F90485484FC8" box="[960,1081,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">Platevindex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which are almost always found, one cannot really predict whether
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0FB05EFCA7F92682C04FEA" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[837,945,1703,1727]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0FB05EFCA7F92682C04FEA" box="[837,945,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1863">M. eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be found.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEFE06FFBB0CB05DFF42FA0980514F39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182658/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1864" startId="14.[160,225,1416,1439]" targetBox="[163,1133,142,1385]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0CB05DFF42FA0980514F39" blockId="14.[160,1157,1416,1644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1864">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0CB05DFF42FA09818D4CCA" bold="true" box="[160,252,1416,1439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1864">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Live specimens,
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0CB05DFE57FA09830F4CCA" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[437,638,1416,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="1864" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0CB05DFE57FA09830F4CCA" box="[437,638,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1864">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Holotype, dorsal view, undisturbed, 15 mm long [DNA 1011], Singapore (ZRC.MOL.6499).
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0CB05DFD63FA2483FF4CE9" box="[641,654,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1864">–</emphasis>
(b) Same as (a), washed, dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right). (c) Dorsal view, undisturbed, 20 mm long, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS 51). (d) Dorsal view, washed, from 5 to 22 mm, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS 51). (e) Dorsal view, undisturbed, 13 mm long [DNA 5607], Vietnam (ITBZC IM 00009). (f) Dorsal view, 17 mm long [DNA 1097], Andaman Islands, station 57 (BNHS 49). (g) Dorsal view, washed, 20 mm long, Malaysia (USMMC 00007). (h) Same as F, rolled into a ball (left), ventral view (right).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0DB05CFF42FF0C838449F3" blockId="15.[160,1156,141,894]" box="[160,757,141,166]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0DB05CFF42FF0C838449F3" bold="true" box="[160,757,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
Colour and morphology of live animals (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB0DB05CFD69FF0C839C49F3" box="[651,749,141,166]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1416,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1133,142,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[163,1152,142,1385]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. Live specimens, Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Holotype, dorsal view, undisturbed, 15 mm long [DNA 1011], Singapore (ZRC.MOL.6499). – (b) Same as (a), washed, dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right). (c) Dorsal view, undisturbed, 20 mm long, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS 51). (d) Dorsal view, washed, from 5 to 22 mm, Andaman Islands, station 59 (BNHS 51). (e) Dorsal view, undisturbed, 13 mm long [DNA 5607], Vietnam (ITBZC IM 00009). (f) Dorsal view, 17 mm long [DNA 1097], Andaman Islands, station 57 (BNHS 49). (g) Dorsal view, washed, 20 mm long, Malaysia (USMMC 00007). (h) Same as F, rolled into a ball (left), ventral view (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182658/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Figure 4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0DB05CFF42FF3085374A2B" blockId="15.[160,1156,141,894]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
Even though they are not found directly on mud, live animals are covered dorsally with a thin layer of muddy mucus, and the colour of their dorsal notum can hardly be seen. That thin layer of mucus makes them very cryptic. It may also help prevent desiccation. The colour of the dorsal notum appears after the thin muddy layer is removed. The background of the notum is usually black or dark brown, but it can exceptionally be light brown. The background is mottled by white areas. Most typically, those white areas form two irregular longitudinal lines, one either side of the central axis. Additional, irregular white areas can exist as well. The colour of the hyponotum varies between light greyish and dark brown but is always marked by a significantly lighter ring at its margin. The foot is orange, occasionally yellow. The ocular tentacles are short and extend for only a few millimetres beyond the notum margin when the animal is crawling undisturbed. The head is small and remains covered by the dorsal notum as the animal crawls. The body is not flattened. The dorsal notum is elongated, oval. The dorsal notum is thick. Its surface, when the animal is undisturbed, is not smooth. Dorsal gills are absent. Large papillae are absent but small conical papillae are present. About 10 of those papillae bear a black ‘dorsal eye’. A larger, central papilla bears three black ‘dorsal eyes’. In addition, the notum is finely granular. When the animal is disturbed (typically, if one touches its dorsum), it forms an almost perfect sphere, with a smooth dorsal notum. In fact, in the field, we called this species ‘black and white small ball’. Animals that are preserved without first being relaxed remain coiled up in a sphere. Crawling individuals can measure up to
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0DB05CFE62FCE780A24A2B" box="[384,467,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
, but most of them measure about
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB0DB05CFC84FCE782C74A2B" box="[870,950,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
on average.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0DB05CFF42FC2A83344A91" blockId="15.[160,1156,939,1553]" box="[160,581,939,964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0DB05CFF42FC2A83344A91" bold="true" box="[160,581,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
External morphology (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB0DB05CFE4EFC2A834D4A91" box="[428,572,939,964]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Figure 5a, b</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0DB05CFF42FC4E82544F44" blockId="15.[160,1156,939,1553]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
Preserved specimens no longer display the distinct colour traits of live animals. The ventral colour, in particular, is homogeneously whitish or creamish. The width of the hyponotum relative to the width of the pedal sole varies among individuals and ranges from about 1/3 to 3/5 of the total width (in ventral view). The anus is posterior, median and close to the edge of the pedal sole (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB0DB05CFE43FBD883774D24" box="[417,518,1113,1137]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Figure 5a</figureCitation>
). On the right side (to the left in ventral view), a peripodial groove is present at the junction between the pedal sole and the hyponotum, running longitudinally from the buccal area to the posterior end, a few millimetres from the anus and the pneumostome (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB0DB05CFE9AFB4080AE4D8C" box="[376,479,1217,1241]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Figure 5b</figureCitation>
). The pneumostome is median. Its position on the hyponotum relative to the notum margin and the edge of the pedal sole varies among individuals but averages in the middle. The position of the female pore (at the posterior end of the peripodial groove) does not vary much among individuals (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB0DB05CFCFDFAA882F74C14" box="[799,902,1321,1345]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Figure 5b</figureCitation>
). In the anterior region, the left and right ocular tentacles are superior to the mouth. They are outside the body if specimens were relaxed before preservation; otherwise, they are retracted. Eyes are at the tip of the ocular tentacles. Inferior to the ocular tentacles, superior to the mouth, the head bears a pair of oral lobes. On each oral lobe there is an elongated bump, likely with sensitive receptors. The male aperture (opening of the copulatory complex) is located below the right ocular tentacle, slightly to its left (internal) side (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB0DB05CFD50FA7882694F44" box="[690,792,1529,1553]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Figure 5a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0DB05CFF42F9BF83304F02" blockId="15.[160,1156,1598,1727]" box="[160,577,1598,1623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0DB05CFF42F9BF83304F02" bold="true" box="[160,577,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Visceral cavity and pallial complex</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB0DB05CFF42F9E385F54FEA" blockId="15.[160,1156,1598,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">
Marginal glands (found in
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB0DB05CFE31F9E383354F2F" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[467,580,1634,1658]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB0DB05CFE31F9E383354F2F" box="[467,580,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1865">Onchidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are absent. The anterior pedal gland is oval and flattened, lying free on the floor of the visceral cavity below the buccal mass. The visceral cavity is not pigmented internally and not divided (the heart is not separated from the
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEFE06FFBB12B043FF42FA0585344F95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1866" startId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" targetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB12B043FF42FA0585344F95" blockId="16.[160,1157,1412,1728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1866">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB12B043FF42FA05818D4CCE" bold="true" box="[160,252,1412,1435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1866">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB12B043FEE7FA0580B54CCE" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[261,452,1412,1435]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="1866" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB12B043FEE7FA0580B54CCE" box="[261,452,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1866">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB13B042FF42FF0F823C48CC" blockId="17.[160,1157,142,409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">visceral organs by a thick, muscular membrane). The heart, enclosed in the pericardium, is on the right side of the visceral cavity, slightly posterior to the middle. The ventricle, anterior, gives an anterior vessel supporting several anterior organs such as the buccal mass, the nervous system and the copulatory complex. The auricle is posterior. The kidney is more or less symmetrical, the right and left parts being equally developed. Occasionally, the right part is slightly longer than the left part. The kidney is intricately attached to the respiratory complex. The lung is in two left and right, equally developed, more or less symmetrical parts. Occasionally, the right part is slightly longer than the left part.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB13B042FF42FE478345488A" blockId="17.[160,1157,454,1727]" box="[160,564,454,479]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB13B042FF42FE478345488A" bold="true" box="[160,564,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">
Digestive system (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB13B042FE9BFE47837C488A" box="[377,525,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">Figures 5c–e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB13B042FDFFFE47835D488A" box="[541,556,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1149,1172]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-137@18.[163,1152,142,1118]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Radula, Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Innermost lateral and lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (b) Lateral teeth, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). (c) Rachidian tooth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (d) Outermost lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (e) Lateral teeth, detail, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). The arrows indicate the lateral protuberance which is characteristic of the teeth in Melayonchis. Scale bars: a = 40 mm; b = 30 μm; c = 10 μm; d = 20 μm; e = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">6</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB13B042FF42FE6B82354C4A" blockId="17.[160,1157,454,1727]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">
There are no jaws. The left and right salivary glands, heavily branched, join the buccal mass dorsally, on either side of the esophagus. The radula is between two large postero-lateral muscular masses. Each radular row contains a rachidian tooth and two half rows of lateral teeth. Examples of radular formulae are: 66 × (110–1–110) in BDMNH station 34 #1 (
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB13B042FBD6FDD385F24B3F" box="[1076,1155,594,618]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
long), 55 × (110–1–110) in USMMC 00007 #1 (
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB13B042FD99FDF483B94BD8" box="[635,712,629,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
long), 65 × (95–1–95) in USMMC 00007 #2 (
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long), and 45 × (75–1–75) in USMMC 00007 #3 (
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB13B042FD14FD1682324BFA" box="[758,835,663,687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long). The rachidian teeth are unicuspid: the median cusp is always present; there are no distinct lateral cusps on the lateral sides of the base of the rachidian tooth (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB13B042FDB7FD5D83DC4BA1" box="[597,685,732,756]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1149,1172]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-137@18.[163,1152,142,1118]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Radula, Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Innermost lateral and lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (b) Lateral teeth, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). (c) Rachidian tooth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (d) Outermost lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (e) Lateral teeth, detail, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). The arrows indicate the lateral protuberance which is characteristic of the teeth in Melayonchis. Scale bars: a = 40 mm; b = 30 μm; c = 10 μm; d = 20 μm; e = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). The length of the rachidian teeth is about 30 µm, significantly less than the length of the lateral teeth. The lateral aspect of the base of the rachidian teeth is straight (not concave). The half rows of lateral teeth form an angle of 45° with the rachidian axis. Along a half row, all the lateral teeth do not have exactly the same length and shape. The lateral teeth seem to be unicuspid with a flattened and curved hook, but there also is an outer pointed spine on the lateral expansion of the base. In most cases, the basal lateral spine cannot be observed because it is hidden below the hook of the next, outer lateral tooth. It can only be observed when the teeth are not too close or when teeth are placed in an unusual position. The length of the hook of the lateral teeth gradually increases (from innermost to outermost) from about 40–50 µm to 60–70 µm, excluding the first few (about 5) innermost and outermost lateral teeth which are significantly smaller than the rest of the lateral teeth. The inner lateral aspect of the hook of the lateral teeth is not straight. It is marked by a strong protuberance placed over the preceding adjacent tooth. This protuberance diminishes gradually and is inconspicuous in the outermost teeth (of which, as a result, the lateral aspect is almost straight). The outermost teeth are much closer to one another than the innermost teeth and, as a result, seem narrower. Finally, the tip of the hook gradually changes from pointed to round from the innermost to outermost teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB13B041FF22FAAB829E4CF4" blockId="17.[160,1157,454,1727]" lastBlockId="18.[160,1155,1347,1441]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1868" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">
The esophagus is narrow and straight, with thin internal folds. The esophagus enters the stomach anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB13B042FE99FACD808A4C31" box="[379,507,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">Figure 5d, e</figureCitation>
). Only a portion of the posterior aspect of the stomach can be seen in dorsal view because it is partly covered by the lobes of the digestive gland (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB13B042FF45FA13807D4CFF" box="[167,268,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">Figure 5c</figureCitation>
). The dorsal lobe is mainly on the right. The left, lateral lobe is mainly ventral. The posterior lobe covers the posterior aspect of the stomach. The stomach is a U-shaped sac divided into four chambers (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB13B042FE34FA5683264CBA" box="[470,599,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1867">Figure 5d, e</figureCitation>
). The first chamber, which receives the esophagus, is delimited by a thin layer of tissue, and receives the ducts of the dorsal and lateral lobes of the digestive gland. The second chamber, posterior, is delimited by a thick muscular tissue and receives the duct of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland. It appears divided externally but consists of only one internal chamber. The third, funnel-shaped chamber is delimited by a thin layer of tissue with high ridges internally. The fourth chamber is continuous and externally similar to the third, but it bears only low, thin ridges internally. The intestine is long and narrow (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB10B041FDEAFAC2831A4C0E" box="[520,619,1347,1371]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">Figure 5c</figureCitation>
). The pattern of its loops is intermediary between
<typeStatus id="553AE8D5BB10B041FF42FAE781AA4C2B" box="[160,219,1382,1406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">types</typeStatus>
II and III. A rectal gland is present (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB10B041FDB8FAE783CE4C2B" box="[602,703,1382,1406]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">Figure 5c</figureCitation>
). It is a long, narrow and coiled tube that opens in the left portion of the pulmonary complex. Its function is unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEFE06FFBB10B041FF42FBFC85304C5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868" startId="18.[160,225,1149,1172]" targetBox="[163,1152,142,1114]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB10B041FF42FBFC85304C5C" blockId="18.[160,1155,1149,1289]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB10B041FF42FBFC818E4DC1" bold="true" box="[160,255,1149,1172]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Radula,
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB10B041FEBEFBFC836E4DC1" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[348,543,1149,1172]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB10B041FEBEFBFC836E4DC1" box="[348,543,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Innermost lateral and lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (b) Lateral teeth, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). (c) Rachidian tooth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (d) Outermost lateral teeth, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (e) Lateral teeth, detail, Brunei Darussalam (BDMNH, #1). The arrows indicate the lateral protuberance which is characteristic of the teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB10B041FF15FB73801C4C5C" authorityName="Dayrat and Goulding" authorityYear="2017" box="[247,365,1266,1289]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB10B041FF15FB73801C4C5C" box="[247,365,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">Melayonchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars: a = 40 mm; b = 30 μm; c = 10 μm; d = 20 μm; e = 5 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB10B041FF42FA5780AE4CBA" blockId="18.[160,1156,1494,1727]" box="[160,479,1494,1519]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB10B041FF42FA5780AE4CBA" bold="true" box="[160,479,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">
Nervous system (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB10B041FE8FFA5780A64CBA" box="[365,471,1494,1519]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[163,1153,142,1381]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior region, ventral view, scale bar = 3.5 mm. (b) Posterior region, ventral view. (c) Digestive system, dorsal view. (d) Stomach, ventral view. (e) Stomach, dorsal view. (f) Nervous system, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, anus; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; f, foot; fo, female opening; h, hyponotum; i, intestine; lcg, left cerebral ganglion; ldg, lateral lobe of the digestive gland; lplg, left pleural ganglion; m, mouth; mo, male opening; oddg, opening of the dorsal lobe of the digestive gland; ol, oral lobe; oldg, opening of the lateral lobe of the digestive gland; opdg, opening of the posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ot, ocular tentacle; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; pn, pneumostome; ppg, peripodial groove; rcg, right cerebral ganglion; rg, rectal gland; rplg, right pleural ganglion; st, stomach; st1, stomach chamber 1; st2, stomach chamber 2; st3, stomach chamber 3; st4, stomach chamber 4; vg, visceral ganglion. Scale bar: a = 3.5 mm; b = 4 mm; c = 2.8 mm; d, e = 2 mm; f = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">Figure 5f</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB10B040FF42FA7B8182485B" blockId="18.[160,1156,1494,1727]" lastBlockId="19.[160,1155,142,270]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1869" pageId="18" pageNumber="1868">The circum-esophageal nerve ring is post-pharyngeal and pre-esophageal. The cerebral commissure between the two cerebral ganglia is short but its length does vary among individuals. Pleural and pedal ganglia are also all distinct. The visceral commissure is short but distinctly present and the visceral ganglion is more or less median. Cerebropleural and pleuro-pedal connectives are very short and pleural and cerebral ganglia touch each other. Nerves from the cerebral ganglia innervate the buccal area and the ocular tentacles, and, on the right side, the penial complex. Nerves from the pedal ganglia innervate the foot. Nerves from the pleural ganglia innervate the lateral and dorsal regions of the mantle. Nerves from the visceral ganglia innervate the visceral organs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB11B040FF42FED18351483C" blockId="19.[160,1156,336,603]" box="[160,544,336,361]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB11B040FF42FED18351483C" bold="true" box="[160,544,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869">
Reproductive system (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB11B040FE45FED18368483C" box="[423,537,336,361]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1546,1569]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,684,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-144@19.[163,1153,684,1516]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Reproductive system, Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior, male apparatus. (b) Posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system. Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182664/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869">Figure 7a</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB11B047FF42FEF28358488B" blockId="19.[160,1156,336,603]" lastBlockId="20.[160,1156,142,478]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="1870" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869">Sexual maturity is correlated with animal length. Mature individuals have large female organs (with a large female gland mass) and fully developed,anterior male copulatory parts. Immature individuals may have inconspicuous female organs (or simply none) and rudimentary anterior male parts. The hermaphroditic gland is a single mass, joining the spermoviduct through the hermaphroditic duct (which conveys the eggs and the autosperm). There is a large and approximately spherical receptaculum seminalis (caecum) along the hermaphroditic duct. The female gland mass contains various glands (mucous and albumin) which can hardly be separated by dissection and of which the exact connections remain uncertain. The hermaphroditic duct becomes the spermoviduct (which conveys eggs, exosperm and autosperm) which is not divided proximally, at least not externally. The spermoviduct is embedded within the female gland mass, at least proximally. Distally, the spermoviduct branches into the deferent duct (which conveys the autosperm up to the anterior region, running through the body wall) and the oviduct. The free oviduct conveys the eggs up to the female opening and the exosperm from the female opening up to the fertilisation chamber, which should be near the proximal end of the spermoviduct. The spermatheca (for the storage of exosperm) is nearly spherical and connects to the oviduct through a very short duct. The oviduct is narrow and straight. The vaginal gland is absent.</paragraph>
<caption id="DEFE06FFBB11B040FF42F98B83134FC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182664/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869" startId="19.[160,225,1546,1569]" targetBox="[164,1151,684,1514]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB11B040FF42F98B83134FC2" blockId="19.[160,1156,1546,1687]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB11B040FF42F98B818A4F74" bold="true" box="[160,251,1546,1569]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Reproductive system,
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB11B040FE3CF98B83EC4F74" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[478,669,1546,1569]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB11B040FE3CF98B83EC4F74" box="[478,669,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1869">Melayonchis eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior, male apparatus. (b) Posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system. Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 1.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB16B047FF42FDA1832B4B6C" blockId="20.[160,1156,544,915]" box="[160,602,544,569]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB16B047FF42FDA1832B4B6C" bold="true" box="[160,602,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">
Copulatory apparatus (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB16B047FE55FDA183454B6C" box="[439,564,544,569]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1546,1569]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,684,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-144@19.[163,1153,684,1516]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Reproductive system, Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior, male apparatus. (b) Posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system. Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182664/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Figures 7b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB16B047FDA6FDA183224B6C" box="[580,595,544,569]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,1342,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-430@20.[163,1152,1342,1708]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 8. Penis,Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Malaysia (USMMC 00007,#2).(b) Malaysia (USMMC 00007,#1).– (c) Same as (b) detail. Scale bars: a, b = 100 μm; c = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182666/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">8</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB16B047FF42FDC282324AC6" blockId="20.[160,1156,544,915]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">
The male anterior organs consist of the penis, penial sheath, vestibule, deferent duct and retractor muscle (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB16B047FE80FDE780BA4B2B" box="[354,459,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1546,1569]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,684,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-144@19.[163,1153,684,1516]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Reproductive system, Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior, male apparatus. (b) Posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system. Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182664/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Figure 7b</figureCitation>
). There is no penial accessory gland. The penial sheath is short (less than
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB16B047FEEFFD08803D4BF4" box="[269,332,649,673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in length) and straight. The penial sheath protects a penis which consists of a short, elongated and slightly curved tube, about
<quantity id="4D79FB92BB16B047FD00FD2A82494B96" box="[738,824,683,707]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long and 35 μm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB16B047FF45FD4F80704BB3" box="[167,257,718,742]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,1342,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-430@20.[163,1152,1342,1708]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 8. Penis,Melayonchis eloisae. (a) Malaysia (USMMC 00007,#2).(b) Malaysia (USMMC 00007,#1).– (c) Same as (b) detail. Scale bars: a, b = 100 μm; c = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182666/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Figure 8</figureCitation>
). There are no penial hooks. The vestibule is approximately as long as the penial sheath, but much larger (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB16B047FE2FFD70834D4A5C" box="[461,572,753,777]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1546,1569]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,684,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-144@19.[163,1153,684,1516]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Reproductive system, Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior, male apparatus. (b) Posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system. Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182664/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Figure 7b</figureCitation>
). The insertion of the retractor muscle marks the separation between the penial sheath and the deferent duct (
<figureCitation id="12BA4AF2BB16B047FC8FFC9282A84A7E" box="[877,985,787,811]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1546,1569]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,684,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-144@19.[163,1153,684,1516]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Reproductive system, Melayonchis eloisae, Malaysia (USMMC 00007, #1). (a) Anterior, male apparatus. (b) Posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system. Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; ov, oviduct; ps, penial sheath; rm, retractor muscle; rs, receptaculum seminis; sp, spermatheca; spv, spermoviduct; v, vestibule. Scale bar: a = 2 mm; b = 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182664/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Figure 7b</figureCitation>
). The retractor muscle is much longer than the penial sheath and inserts at about half the length of the visceral cavity. The deferent duct also is highly convoluted with many loops (in immature specimens, the deferent duct is significantly less convoluted).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB16B047FF42FC5483344ABB" blockId="20.[160,1156,981,1283]" box="[160,581,981,1006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB16B047FF42FC5483344ABB" bold="true" box="[160,581,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Distinctive field diagnostic features</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3E5677BB16B047FF42FC7883834C56" blockId="20.[160,1156,981,1283]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">
A table at the end of the introduction summarises the most important features that can help distinguish and identify
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB16B047FE49FB9A83F74D66" box="[427,646,1051,1075]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB16B047FE49FB9A835E4D66" box="[427,559,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Melayonchis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C70363CCBB16B047FD77FB9A83944D66" box="[661,741,1051,1075]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[133,189,777,800]" captionText="Table 3. Summary of traits that can help identify Melayonchis species. Observations in parentheses are only occasional. All traits may be subject to individual variation. Traits are described in detail in the corresponding species descriptions and compared at the end of the Discussion." pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">Table 3</tableCitation>
). In the field, individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4D812DF4BB16B047FBFBFB9A85F54D66" authorityName="Dayrat" authorityYear="2017" box="[1049,1156,1051,1075]" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eloisae">
<emphasis id="B8F58A65BB16B047FBFBFB9A85F54D66" box="[1049,1156,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1870">M. eloisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can easily be recognised because they coil up into a sphere when disturbed. The presence of an orange foot and a notum with a black background and two longitudinal, irregular, white lines can also help identify live specimens in the field (even though the dorsal colour pattern does vary among individuals and the two white lines are not always present). When animals are observed without being disturbed while crawling and still covered with a thin layer of muddy mucus, then they are much harder to identify.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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