314 lines
52 KiB
XML
314 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="C489E807F861B05098E7835531E4ECBD" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. & Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A321960057FCF9D2FBB39FEB" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cannabaceae Martinov 1820" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1728052592909" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D23EF12B1F841FF37C0B0197F96FD9A9">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C43A93648F10624BBAD88D5263E7628">Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93629E7DF5BD52164B6E9151C2F11030">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D2166BC5E96C77622A200CD882AD79D">Baas, Pieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A96F59974F973DF3D2F5294294E0ED2C">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A321963F57FCF9D2FA7C9D63" box="[903,1448,1554,1580]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A321963F57FCF9D2FA7C9D63" blockId="30.[903,1448,1554,1580]" box="[903,1448,1554,1580]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D0D4F37FA321963F57FCF9D2FA7C9D63" allCaps="true" box="[903,1448,1554,1580]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A321963F57FCF9D2FB9B9D63" ID-CoL="7NV" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[903,1103,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">CANNABACEAE</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A321963F5023F9D2FA9C9D63" authority="WOOD" authorityName="WOOD" box="[1112,1352,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">MORACEAE WOOD</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A321963F5135F9D2FA469D63" box="[1358,1426,1554,1580]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
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</typeStatus>
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2
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A321963E5024F9FCFADC9DA4" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A321963F5024F9FCFB069D1B" blockId="30.[1119,1234,1596,1620]" box="[1119,1234,1596,1620]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
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<figureCitation id="13185896A321963F5024F9FCFB069D1B" box="[1119,1234,1596,1620]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">FIG. 15A–I</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A321963E571BF9ADFCC19DCE" blockId="30.[832,1520,1645,1953]" lastBlockId="31.[112,801,1533,1948]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A321963F571BF9ADFBF49DC8" bold="true" box="[864,1056,1645,1671]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Description—</emphasis>
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Growth rings distinct (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A321963F5137F9ADFA359DC7" box="[1356,1505,1645,1672]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15A, B</figureCitation>
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), ring width
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<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A321963F57B1F951FB8B9DE4" box="[970,1119,1681,1707]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.9 mm</quantity>
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. Wood ring-porous or semi-ring porous. Wide vessels in earlywood solitary and in pairs, tangential diameters average 182 (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A321963F50A5F917FAD79DBE" box="[1246,1283,1751,1777]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
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29) µm, range 123– 247 µm; narrow vessels solitary, in radial multiples, and occasionally in clusters (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A321963F500AF8DDFB2F9C77" box="[1137,1275,1821,1848]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15A, B</figureCitation>
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). Perforation plates exclusively simple(
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<figureCitation id="13185896A321963F5052F881FB449C13" box="[1065,1168,1857,1884]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
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); intervessel pitting crowded alternate, oval to polygonal (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A321963F50E7F8A4FAF79C31" box="[1180,1315,1892,1919]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15D, E</figureCitation>
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), 8–11
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<emphasis id="B9579801A321963F510EF8A4FA509C31" bold="true" box="[1397,1412,1892,1918]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
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13 µm in horizontal diameter; vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, oval in outline (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E567FFA3DFDBF9D57" box="[516,619,1533,1560]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
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). Helical thickenings observed in some of the narrowest vessels (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E568AF9E1FF709D10" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
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). Vessel element lengths difficult to measure because of the abundant tyloses (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E55D8F9A7FDD99DCD" box="[419,525,1639,1666]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
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), 205–333 µm (n=3).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5C149BA320963E540BFA87FCD79E86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913358/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" startId="31.[112,187,1351,1375]" targetBox="[147,1491,191,1330]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A320963E540BFA87FCD79E86" blockId="31.[112,1492,1351,1482]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E540BFA87FF0B9E10" bold="true" box="[112,223,1351,1375]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Figure 14</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A320963E5492FA87FE9F9E10" authorityName="Juss. ex Bercht. and J. Presl" authorityYear="1820" box="[233,331,1351,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Urticales" pageId="31" pageNumber="22" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">Urticales</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A320963E552FFA87FE379E10" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[340,483,1351,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A320963E5597FA87FD489E10" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[492,668,1351,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae Wood</taxonomicName>
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Type 1. UF 278-87894.
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<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E57E7FA87FC1C9E10" bold="true" box="[924,968,1351,1375]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">A, B</emphasis>
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. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary and in radial multiples; marginal parenchyma, TS.
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<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E5656FAA1FDE89E36" bold="true" box="[557,572,1377,1401]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis>
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. Alternate intervessel pitting, polygonal in outline, simple perforation plates, ray with sheath cells, TLS.
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<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E5557FABCFEEA9EDB" bold="true" box="[300,318,1404,1428]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Vessel to parenchyma pits, similar in size to intervessel pitting with reduced borders, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E516EFABCFAF09EDB" bold="true" box="[1301,1316,1404,1428]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Rays predominantly multiseriate, 1-2-seriate rays rare, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E5618FA57FDA59EE0" bold="true" box="[611,625,1431,1455]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Ray body cells procumbent, marginal row of upright/square cells, RLS. Scale bars‒500 µm in A; 200 µm in B, E; 100 µm in F; 50 µm in C, D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A320963E54EBF94AFD799DA3" blockId="31.[112,801,1533,1948]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Axial parenchyma hard to distinguish in cross sections, probably vasicentric, confluent, and marginal (initial) bands, commonly in strands of 2–4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E5649F911FD4B9DA3" box="[562,671,1745,1772]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A320963E54EBF934FB9F9D74" blockId="31.[112,801,1533,1948]" lastBlockId="31.[832,1521,1533,1947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Rays commonly 4–5 (–6)-seriate, uniseriate rays rare (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E5402F8D7FF359C7D" box="[121,225,1815,1842]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
|
||
); multiseriate rays heterocellular with procumbent body cells and usually 1–3 (-4) marginal rows of square to upright cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E55F7F89DFE239C37" box="[396,503,1885,1912]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15H</figureCitation>
|
||
), weakly defined sheath cells in a few rays (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E551DF841FE019CD3" box="[358,469,1921,1948]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
|
||
); average multiseriate ray height 295 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A320963E57A3FA3EFBD49D57" box="[984,1024,1534,1560]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
|
||
=99) µm, range 128–539 µm; ~4-5 rays per mm. Non-storied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A320963E571BF984FC269DCD" blockId="31.[832,1521,1533,1947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Solitary prismatic crystals occasional in upright ray cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13185896A320963E57FCF9A7FC339DCD" box="[903,999,1639,1666]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[112,187,193,217]" captionTargetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[138,1488,192,1901]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. Urticales, Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 2. UF 278-84906. A, B. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS. C. Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS. D. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS. E. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. F.Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS. G. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS. H. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS. I. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A320963E571BF94AFBDF9D87" blockId="31.[832,1521,1533,1947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E571BF94AFBD39DEB" bold="true" box="[864,1031,1674,1700]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Specimen—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A320963E5073F94BFBF89DEA" box="[1032,1068,1675,1701]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84906, estimated maximum diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A320963E57C3F96EFBD39D87" box="[952,1031,1710,1736]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A320963E571BF910FADC9DA4" blockId="31.[832,1521,1533,1947]" box="[864,1288,1744,1771]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E571BF910FBC39DA5" bold="true" box="[864,1047,1744,1770]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Occurrence—</emphasis>
|
||
Dietz Hill (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A320963E50E1F911FB149DA4" box="[1178,1216,1745,1771]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3391798A3209600571BF934FBB39FEB" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3209600571BF934FE869920" blockId="31.[832,1521,1533,1947]" lastBlockId="33.[112,802,421,1961]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A320963E571BF934FBD89C41" bold="true" box="[864,1036,1780,1806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Comments—</emphasis>
|
||
It is difficult to determine if this is a vine or a ring-porous wood (shrub, sapling, or tree branch) with very narrow growth rings. The cross-sectional areas of woody vines typically have a high proportion of vessels (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A320963E57C7F841FBAC9CD4" author="Carlquist, S." box="[956,1144,1921,1947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" refId="ref33397" refString="Carlquist, S. 1991. Anatomy of vine and liana stems: A review and synthesis. Pp. 53 - 71 in F. E. Putz and H. A. Mooney (eds.) The Biology of Vines, Cambridge University Press, New York." type="book" year="1991">Carlquist 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A320963E50FCF841FA809CD4" author="Baas, P. & S. D. Davis & E. A. Wheeler" box="[1159,1364,1921,1947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" refId="ref32683" refString="Baas, P., F. W, Ewers, S. D. Davis and E. A. Wheeler. 2004. Evolution of xylem physiology. Pp. 273 - 296 in A. R. Hemsley and I. Poole (eds.). Evolution of Plant Physiology. From Whole Plants to Ecosystems: Linnaean Society Symposium Series No. 21. Elsevier Academic Press." type="proceedings" year="2004">Baas et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32096005118F841FF229A8F" author="Angyalossy, V. & M. R. Pace & A. C. Lima" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" refId="ref32546" refString="Angyalossy, V., M. R. Pace and A. C. Lima. 2015. Liana anatomy: A broad perspective on structural evolution of the vascular system. Pp. 253 - 287 in S. A. Schnitzer, F. Bongers, R. J. Burnham, and F. E. Putz (eds.). Ecology of Lianas. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." type="book" year="2015">Angyalossy et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as is seen in this fossil. When ring-porous arborescent plants have narrow growth rings, those rings will consist mostly of earlywood and have a high proportion of vessels; consequently, samples from such areas can resemble woody vines (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13185896A31E9600561FFDF2FD789903" box="[612,684,562,588]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A31E960056E7FDF2FD1B9903" box="[668,719,562,588]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31E960056A2FDF2FE959920" author="IAWA Committee" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="219 - 332" refId="ref36129" refString="IAWA Committee. 1989. IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification with an appendix on non-anatomical features. IAWA Bulletin n. s. 10 (3): 219 - 332." type="journal article" year="1989">IAWA Committee 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2AC5DF8A31F960154EBF841FE1F9CD5" box="[144,459,1921,1946]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31F960154EBF841FE1F9CD5" blockId="32.[144,459,1921,1946]" box="[144,459,1921,1946]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31F960154EBF841FF2B9CD6" bold="true" box="[144,255,1921,1945]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Figure 15</emphasis>
|
||
. Caption on pg. 32.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA31E9600540BFF01FC249A37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13890619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890619/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" startId="33.[112,187,193,217]" targetBox="[139,1488,192,1897]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600540BFF01FC249A37" blockId="33.[112,1519,193,377]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600540BFF01FF0B9B96" bold="true" box="[112,223,193,217]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Figure 15</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005492FF01FE9F9B96" authorityName="Juss. ex Bercht. and J. Presl" authorityYear="1820" box="[233,331,193,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Urticales" pageId="33" pageNumber="22" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">Urticales</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600552FFF01FE379B96" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[340,483,193,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005597FF01FD489B96" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[492,668,193,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae Wood</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type 2. UF 278-84906.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E960057E7FF01FC1C9B96" bold="true" box="[924,968,193,217]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
. Distinct growth rings, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, occasional clusters; thin-walled tyloses, TS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005680FF1BFCDB9BBC" bold="true" box="[763,783,219,243]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Simple perforation plate in narrow vessel element with helical thickenings, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005557FF36FEEA9A41" bold="true" box="[300,318,246,270]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Series of vessel elements with crowded alternate intervessel pitting, angular in outline, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005153FF36FAE39A41" bold="true" box="[1320,1335,246,270]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E960055DCFED1FE6F9A66" bold="true" box="[423,443,273,297]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, round to oval in outline, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005141FED1FA9E9A66" bold="true" box="[1338,1354,273,297]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Thin-walled tyloses, rays predominantly multiseriate, weakly differentiated sheath cells (S), ray cells polygonal in outline, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005141FEECFA989A0B" bold="true" box="[1338,1356,300,324]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Heterocellular rays with procumbent body cells; thin-walled tyloses, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005770FE86FCC09A11" bold="true" box="[779,788,326,350]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Heterocellular ray, crystals (C) in square and upright ray cells, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in G, H; 50 µm in D, I; 20 µm in C, E, F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E960054EBFDB9FED19880" blockId="33.[112,802,421,1961]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Moreover, because of the narrow rings the porosity
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A31E9600540BFD5CFF7399F9" box="[112,167,668,694]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is not obvious. Other difficulties with this sample include: 1) determining latewood vessel arrangement because of the narrow growth rings, and 2) differences between fibers and axial parenchyma in transverse section are not obvious, so axial parenchyma distribution is difficult to determine, but given the parenchyma strands visible in longitudinal sections, we suspect marginal (wide initial bands) as well as vasicentric and confluent are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E960054EBFC18FAAF994A" blockId="33.[112,802,421,1961]" lastBlockId="33.[833,1528,421,1188]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E960054EBFC18FDAF98BD" bold="true" box="[144,635,984,1010]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Comparisons with modern woods—</emphasis>
|
||
We began by searching InsideWood’s modern wood database for this combination of features: 1p (growth rings distinct), vessels not exclusively solitary (9a), exclusively simple perforation plates (13p 14a), intervessel pits alternate, polygonal in outline and medium- to large-sized (22p, 23p, 24a, 25a), vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders (30a), helical thickenings in narrower vessel elements (39p), tangential vessel diameter not narrow (40a, 41a), tyloses common (56p), non-septate fibers with simple pits (61p, 66p), larger rays 4–10-seriate (98p), less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A31E9600553BFA9BFE5D9E39" box="[320,393,1371,1398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
high (102a), not of two distinct sizes (103a), heterocellular with procumbent body cells (104a, 105a, 109a), tile cells absent (111a), storied structure, radial canals, and oil/mucilage cells absent (118–121a, 124–126a, 130a). This search returned six matches:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005490F9CAFD969D69" authority="Mill. (1768)" authorityName="Mill." authorityYear="1768" box="[235,578,1546,1574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005490F9CAFE749D69" box="[235,416,1546,1574]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Rhus chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Mill. (1768)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600562FF9CBFCC79D69" authorityName="R. Brown" authorityYear="1818" box="[596,787,1547,1574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600540BF9EFFEFE9D04" box="[112,298,1583,1611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600540BF9EFFEFE9D04" box="[112,298,1583,1611]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Celtis laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005541F9EEFE319D06" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[314,485,1582,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005583F9EEFEA19D22" authority="(Raf.) C. K. Schneid. (1906)" authorityName="C. K. Schneid." authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Raf." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Maclura" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pomifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005583F9EEFD009D06" box="[504,724,1582,1609]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Maclura pomifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Raf.) C.K. Schneid. (1906)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E960055FFF990FD4C9D21" box="[388,664,1616,1646]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E960055FFF990FDC69D23" box="[388,530,1616,1644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Morus alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600565AF990FD4C9D21" box="[545,664,1616,1646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">Mo. nigra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A31E960056D8F992FD619D23" box="[675,693,1618,1644]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600540BF9B3FF3A9DC0" box="[112,238,1651,1679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600540BF9B3FF3E9DC0" box="[112,234,1651,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">Mo. rubra</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005550F9B3FD599DC0" authority="Roxb. (Moracee)" authorityName="Roxb. (Moracee" authorityYear="1832" box="[299,653,1651,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005550F9B3FE639DC0" box="[299,439,1651,1679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Mo. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
Roxb. (Moracee)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We think it unlikely that this fossil has affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005602F957FD609DFC" box="[633,692,1687,1715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005602F957FD609DFC" box="[633,692,1687,1715]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Rhus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because ray structure and appearance are quite different. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600540BF91FFF669DB4" box="[112,178,1759,1787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600540BF91FFF669DB4" box="[112,178,1759,1787]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Celtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005494F91DFE819DB6" box="[239,341,1757,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Maclura" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005494F91DFE819DB6" box="[239,341,1757,1785]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Maclura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include species that are ring-porous or vines. Consequently, we suggest that this wood has affinities with the urticalean group, and most probably with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E960054CBF889FEF89C2C" box="[176,300,1865,1891]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to ter
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31E9600567EF888FD3F9C2C" author="Welle, B. J. H. ter & J. Koek-Noorman & S. M. C. Topper" box="[517,747,1864,1891]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="91 - 128" refId="ref40577" refString="Welle, B. J. H. ter, J. Koek-Noorman and S. M. C. Topper. 1986. The systematic wood anatomy of the Moraceae. IV. Genera of the tribe Moreae with urticaceous stamens. IAWA Bulletin n. s. 7 (2): 91 - 128. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000973]." type="journal article" year="1986">Welle et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the climber
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E960054A3F8AAFCF49CC9" authority="(Lour.) Corner (1962)" authorityName="Corner" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Lour." box="[216,800,1898,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Maclura" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cochinchinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E960054A3F8AAFDD09CC9" box="[216,516,1898,1926]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Maclura cochinchinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Lour.) Corner (1962)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31E96005570F84EFEAB9CE7" box="[267,383,1934,1960]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31E960055C2F84EFE2E9CE7" box="[441,506,1934,1960]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31E96005665F84EFDB29CE7" box="[542,614,1934,1960]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31E960056E4F84FFD339CE6" box="[671,743,1935,1961]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and throughout the Malesian Archipelago; it has variable anatomy and includes samples that are semi-ring- to ring-porous and that have helical thickenings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600571AFDCEFBB39FEB" blockId="33.[833,1528,421,1188]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600571AFDCEFADE9966" bold="true" box="[865,1290,526,553]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Comparison with fossil woods—</emphasis>
|
||
When we searched the Fossil Hardwood database using equivalent features in the Fossil Hardwood menu for that database, the results only included descriptions with most diagnostic features coded as unknown. Allowing one mismatch, returned 17 matches, 12 of which lack information on vessel-ray parenchyma pitting. Among the results were two reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005070FCC5FC24980D" authority="Yin, Liu, and Cheng (2013)" authorityName="Yin, Liu, and Cheng" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Moroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xinhuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005070FCC5FA959850" box="[1035,1345,771,801]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Moroxylon xinhuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Yin, Liu, and Cheng (2013)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a distinctly ring-porous wood from the Neogene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31E960057ABFC8BFBC3982A" box="[976,1047,843,869]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31E9600505CFC8BFB00982A" author="Yin, Y-D & Y-M. Chen" box="[1063,1236,843,870]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="169 - 176" refId="ref41749" refString="Yin, Y-D, X-L Liu and Y-M. Chen. 2013. First record of Moroxylon (Moraceae) from the Neogene of China. IAWA Journal 34 (2): 169 - 176. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 00000014]." type="journal article" year="2013">Yin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31E960050A5FC8BFA7B982A" author="Cheng, Y-M. & X-N. Yang & Z-F. He & B. Mao & Y-F. Yin" box="[1246,1455,843,870]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="125 - 142" refId="ref33866" refString="Cheng, Y-M., X-N. Yang, Z-F. He, B. Mao and Y-F. Yin. 2018. Early Miocene angiosperm woods from Sihong in the Jiangsu Province, eastern China. IAWA Journal 39 (1): 125 - 142. [DOI: 10.1163 / 22941932 - 20170189]." type="journal article" year="2018">Cheng et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is possible that
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A31E96005793FCAFFBDF98C6" box="[1000,1035,879,905]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84906 is a ring-porous wood with narrow rings, but the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005081FC52FC4D9880" authority="Selmeier (1993)" authorityName="Selmeier" authorityYear="1993" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Moroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005081FC52FAAF98E1" box="[1274,1403,914,942]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Moroxylon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31E960051F8FC52FC4D9880" author="Selmeier, A." pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="209 - 226" refId="ref39089" refString="Selmeier, A. 1993. Moroxylon nov. gen. (Moraceae), ein verkieseltes Maulbeer holz aus jungtertiaren Schichten Bayerns (Hallertan). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontolo- gies und Historische Geologie 33: 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1993">Selmeier (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes “groups of small vessels, especially in the latewood, forming a pattern of tangential or discontinuous oblique bands” and in this wood with its narrow rings that is not visible. Although it is likely this wood is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600573AFB82FC6D9F13" box="[833,953,1090,1116]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we think it better to refer to it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005138FB82FA3C9F13" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[1347,1512,1090,1116]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E9600573AFBA5FBD99F30" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[833,1037,1125,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae Wood</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A31E9600506EFBA5FB879F30" box="[1045,1107,1125,1151]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 because of the possibility of a relationship with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31E96005064FB48FBB39FEB" box="[1055,1127,1160,1188]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E96005064FB48FBB79FEB" box="[1055,1123,1160,1188]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Celtis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |