379 lines
55 KiB
XML
379 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AB673A96B838BCD678B179160A2DC369">Description of the male of Cyana nigrilineata (Hampson, 1900) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae: Arctiinae), a little-known species endemic to Sumatra Island</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0EE7D572098E92F7F81908A9EA8848C">Koshkin, Evgeny S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6BB3DFB126E1DBE96D5DE446A9C267C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F4F8F85FAA5BDBE5BE8CC8840188D1E6">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="923E87D87D02FFF6FF09F9FE2BE6C3CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10196733" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217755212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10196733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:923E87D87D02FFF6FF09F9FE2BE6C3CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/923E87D87D02FFF6FF09F9FE2BE6C3CE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="528D65457D02FFF5FF09F9FE2A58C237" box="[151,599,1557,1584]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="416081A27D02FFF5FF09F9FE2A58C237" bold="true" box="[151,599,1557,1584]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D02FFF5FF09F9FE2A58C237" ID-CoL="96HZ3" authority="(Hampson, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,599,1557,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
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<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D02FFF5FF09F9FE2A58C237" bold="true" box="[151,599,1557,1584]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D02FFF5FF09F9FE2974C237" bold="true" box="[151,379,1557,1584]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D02FFF5FE14F9FE2A40C237" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[394,591,1558,1584]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" refId="ref1870" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. II. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 589 pp." type="book" year="1900">Hampson, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="528D65457D02FFF5FF09F9D229E9C253" box="[151,486,1594,1620]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D02FFF5FF09F9D229E9C253" blockId="0.[151,599,1557,1620]" box="[151,486,1594,1620]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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(
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<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D02FFF5FF01F9D22987C253" box="[159,392,1594,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Figs 1 A, B, C, D, H</figureCitation>
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; 2 A, B)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="528D65457D02FFF5FF09F9962C42C290" box="[151,1101,1662,1687]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D02FFF5FF09F9962C42C290" blockId="0.[151,1101,1662,1687]" box="[151,1101,1662,1687]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<treatmentCitation id="9B3610DF7D02FFF5FF09F9962A6AC290" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[151,613,1662,1687]" page="311" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" year="1900">
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<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D02FFF5FF09F9962A6AC290" authority="Hampson, 1900: 311" authorityName="Hampson" authorityPageNumber="311" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,613,1662,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Chionaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
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<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D02FFF5FF09F9962985C291" box="[151,394,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Chionaema nigrilineata</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="AAFF3C937D02FFF5FE0EF9972A6AC290" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4440357302" box="[400,613,1663,1687]" location="Sumatra" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatera Utara">
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<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D02FFF5FE0EF9972A6AC290" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[400,613,1663,1687]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" refId="ref1870" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. II. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 589 pp." type="book" year="1900">Hampson, 1900: 311</bibRefCitation>
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, plate XXVII, fig. 2 (
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locality: “
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<collectingRegion id="D853F82C7D02FFF5FC45F9972C38C290" box="[987,1079,1663,1687]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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”).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="528D65457D02FFF5FF09F9282D79C2F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D02FFF5FF09F928298AC2DD" bold="true" box="[151,389,1728,1754]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="AAFF3C937D02FFF5FE0FF9292B0DC2DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4440357301" box="[401,770,1729,1757]" country="Indonesia" location="Sumatra" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatera Utara">
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4 ♁,
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<collectingCountry id="6280765E7D02FFF5FE4CF9292A4DC2DC" box="[466,578,1729,1755]" name="Indonesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D853F82C7D02FFF5FDCCF9292AA0C2DC" box="[594,687,1729,1755]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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Island
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="AAFF3C937D02FFF5FC8CF9292D79C2F8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4440357303" collectingDate="2019-03-28" collectorName="E. S. Koshkin." country="Indonesia" county="Solok" elevation="1146" latitude="-0.96666664" location="Batang Barus" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="100.6" municipality="Gunung Talang district" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatera Barat">
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<collectingRegion id="D853F82C7D02FFF5FC8CF9292C2BC2DC" box="[786,1060,1729,1755]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Barat" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">West Sumatra Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="F3494E427D02FFF5FBAAF9292C7AC2DC" box="[1076,1141,1729,1755]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Solok</collectingCounty>
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regency,
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<collectingMunicipality id="FA4CACB47D02FFF5FB75F92928E7C2F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Gunung Talang district</collectingMunicipality>
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, vicinities of
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<location id="1F4860157D02FFF5FEE1F90D2A19C2F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:923E87D87D02FFF6FF09F9FE2BE6C3CE:1F4860157D02FFF5FEE1F90D2A19C2F8" box="[383,534,1765,1791]" country="Indonesia" county="Solok" latitude="-0.96666664" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="100.6" municipality="Gunung Talang district" name="Batang Barus" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" stateProvince="Sumatera Barat">Batang Barus</location>
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desa,
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<geoCoordinate id="7FA350097D02FFF5FDC3F90C2ACFC2F8" box="[605,704,1764,1791]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="-0.96666664">00°58’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7FA350097D02FFF5FD52F90C2B30C2F8" box="[716,831,1764,1791]" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" precision="925" value="100.6">100°36’ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="DD6F9B2B7D02FFF5FCD5F90D2BE7C2F8" box="[843,1000,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1455" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.091" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1145.5" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1091.0">
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<elevation id="91BAD1FD7D02FFF5FCD5F90D2BE7C2F8" box="[843,1000,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1455" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.091" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1145.5" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1091.0">1091–1200 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, 26–
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<date id="6E29100E7D02FFF5FB80F90C2C90C2F9" box="[1054,1183,1764,1790]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" value="2019-03-28">
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<collectingDate id="7E6DE9E67D02FFF5FB80F90C2C90C2F9" box="[1054,1183,1764,1790]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" value="2019-03-28">28.03.2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="B76253187D02FFF5FB44F90D2D79C2F8" box="[1242,1398,1765,1791]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">E.S. Koshkin.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="528D65457D02FFF4FF59F8E02C97C5F2" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D02FFF4FF59F8E02C97C5F2" blockId="0.[151,1437,1728,2043]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D02FFF5FF59F8E02A3DC325" bold="true" box="[199,562,1800,1827]" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Description of the male. Adult.</emphasis>
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Wingspan
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<quantity id="DD6F9B2B7D02FFF5FD31F8E02B31C324" box="[687,830,1800,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.925" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.85" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="39.25" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="38.5">38.5–40 mm</quantity>
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, forewing length
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<quantity id="DD6F9B2B7D02FFF5FB9FF8E12C73C324" box="[1025,1148,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17–18 mm</quantity>
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. Head white. Labial palps short, slightly curved, red. Proboscis well-developed, brown.Antennae red, scape covered with white scales. Thorax white, with oval red spot in central part. Patagium white, trimmed with red along margins. Tegula completely white. Abdomen light pink dorsally with yellow tint (
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<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D02FFF5FD72F89D2B64C388" box="[748,875,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Fig. 1 A, B</figureCitation>
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||
). Legs white with brown-black and yellow-brown bands (
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<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D02FFF5FF76F8712946C3B4" box="[232,329,1945,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Fig. 1 H</figureCitation>
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). Protibia and mesotibia with dark brown bands. Tarsomeres of pro- and mesolegs with interrupted yellow-brown and white bands. Metalegs white with small yellow-brown sections in tarsomeres. Forewings white. Androconial lobe is located along costal margin. Subbasal red line thin, short, ending with rounded red spot at base of discal cell. Antemedial line thin, black with sparse red scales, curved inwards at end. Costal margin from antemedial line to almost base of wing is black. Postmedial line thin, black, but short section at beginning is red; it curved outwards in middle part. Discal spot black, rounded; in some specimens, smaller black spot below it. In discal cell before discal spot located large red spot of oval or triangular shape. Subterminal band red, slightly widened below. End of androconial lobe with red scales. Hindwings beige-pinkish, slightly darker at margins. Cilia white on fore- and hindwings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D03FFF4FE16FEA32A08C562" box="[392,519,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Fig. 1 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Underside of wings white-pinkish with more intense pink oblong-rounded relief spot under androconial lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D03FFF4FE47FE872A39C58E" box="[473,566,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Fig. 1 C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D03FFF4FDD7FE872AF6C58F" bold="true" box="[585,761,366,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncus small, thin, apically pointed. Tegumen narrow, longer than uncus. Saccus wide, rounded. Valva long, narrow, with slightly dilated and rounded apex. Saccular process almost stout, quite narrow, not reaching the apex of the valva, with strong inward-curved apical spine. Aedeagus short, almost straight, with short unidirectional saccate vesica without cornuti (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D03FFF4FB95FE332C85C5F2" box="[1035,1162,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,243,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[189,1398,237,1719]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cyana spp., male genitalia. A, B—C. nigrilineata, C, D—C. malayensis, E—C. barisana. Collecting data as Fig. 1. Photos by Evgeny Koshkin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10169877/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Fig. 2 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4EE866467D03FFF4FF06F8A62C2EC3D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" startId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" subCaptionStartIDs="1.[158,236,1978,2002]" subCaptionStarts="Figures A" targetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D03FFF4FF06F8A62C2EC3D5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1870,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D03FFF4FF06F8A62917C361" bold="true" box="[152,280,1870,1894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D03FFF4FE83F8A6299EC362" box="[285,401,1870,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D03FFF4FE83F8A62950C362" box="[285,351,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Cyana</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, habitus. A, B, C, D, H—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D03FFF4FD11F8A62B2BC361" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[655,804,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Chionaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D03FFF4FD11F8A62B2BC361" box="[655,804,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">C. nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; E, F, I—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D03FFF4FC1BF8A62C1CC361" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[901,1043,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D03FFF4FC1BF8A62C1CC361" box="[901,1043,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; G, J—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D03FFF4FBFEF8A62CD8C361" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[1120,1239,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D03FFF4FBFEF8A62CD8C361" box="[1120,1239,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6280765E7D03FFF4FE8EF87E297AC3A9" box="[272,373,1942,1966]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D853F82C7D03FFF4FEE0F87E29DDC3A9" box="[382,466,1942,1966]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D853F82C7D03FFF4FDBDF87E2B1DC3A9" box="[547,786,1942,1966]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Barat" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">West Sumatra Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–
|
||
<date id="6E29100E7D03FFF4FABAF87E2D96C3A9" box="[1316,1433,1942,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" value="2019-03-28">28.03.2019</date>
|
||
. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D03FFF4FDF1F8522B0BC3D5" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1900" box="[623,772,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Chionaema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D03FFF4FDF1F8522B0BC3D5" box="[623,772,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">C. nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="C52C886C7D03FFF4FC94F8522B39C3D5" box="[778,822,1978,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">type</typeStatus>
|
||
after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D03FFF4FCEFF8522C19C3D5" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[881,1046,1978,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" refId="ref1870" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. II. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 589 pp." type="book" year="1900">Hampson, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="528D65457D00FFF7FF59FF7E2C02C4B6" box="[199,1037,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D00FFF7FF59FF7E2C02C4B6" blockId="2.[199,1296,150,213]" box="[199,1037,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FF59FF7E296EC4B7" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6280765E7D00FFF7FEF9FF7F29D7C4B6" box="[359,472,151,177]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D853F82C7D00FFF7FE7DFF7F2A4FC4B6" box="[483,576,151,177]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island (West and Southwestern regions).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="528D65457D00FFF7FF59FF532D1FC4D2" box="[199,1296,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D00FFF7FF59FF532D1FC4D2" blockId="2.[199,1296,150,213]" box="[199,1296,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FF59FF532923C4D2" bold="true" box="[199,300,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D00FFF7FEADFF532A08C4D2" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[307,519,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FEADFF532A08C4D2" box="[307,519,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits mountain forests at altitudes of about
|
||
<quantity id="DD6F9B2B7D00FFF7FB8BFF532CA1C4D2" box="[1045,1198,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D00FFF7FB20FF532D0DC4D2" box="[1214,1282,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1116]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[170,1416,181,1116]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitat of Cyana nigrilineata, C. malayensis and C. barisana: Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 1165 m, 27.03.2019. Photo by Evgeny Koshkin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10169883/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4EE866467D00FFF7FF06F92629C3C30D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10169877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10169877/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" startId="2.[152,255,1742,1766]" targetBox="[211,1377,243,1703]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D00FFF7FF06F92629C3C30D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1742,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FF06F9262916C2E1" bold="true" box="[152,281,1742,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D00FFF7FE81F927299BC2E1" box="[287,404,1743,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FE81F927296EC2E1" box="[287,353,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Cyana</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male genitalia. A, B—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D00FFF7FD1DF9272B17C2E1" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[643,792,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FD1DF9272B17C2E1" box="[643,792,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">C. nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, C, D—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D00FFF7FCF0F9272BF2C2E1" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[878,1021,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FCF0F9272BF2C2E1" box="[878,1021,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, E—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D00FFF7FBADF9272CA5C2E1" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[1075,1194,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FBADF9272CA5C2E1" box="[1075,1194,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Collecting data as Fig. 1. Photos by Evgeny Koshkin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="528D65457D00FFF6FF59F8BC2BE6C3CE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D00FFF7FF59F8BC2A79C3DD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1876,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FF59F8BC2943C369" bold="true" box="[199,332,1876,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D00FFF7FE2FF8BD2A8AC369" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[433,645,1876,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FE2FF8BD2A8AC369" box="[433,645,1876,1903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from female in the presence of an androconial fold at the costal margin of the forewing, the more pronounced subbasal line, the non-serrated subterminal band, and the presence of a red spot in the discal cell. The similar differences between sexes are expressed in the most similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D00FFF7FA1DF87529D0C3DD" authority="(Hampson, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D00FFF7FA1DF875291CC3DD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hampson, 1914)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D00FFF7FE70F8282A66C3DD" box="[494,617,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Fig. 1 E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4EE866467D01FFF6FF06FB9C2C6AC0B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10169883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10169883/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" startId="3.[152,255,1140,1164]" targetBox="[170,1416,181,1116]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D01FFF6FF06FB9C2C6AC0B7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1140,1200]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FF06FB9C2917C08B" bold="true" box="[152,280,1140,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FE17FB9C2A46C08B" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[393,585,1140,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FE17FB9C2A46C08B" box="[393,585,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FDCBFB9C2AECC08B" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[597,739,1140,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FDCBFB9C2AECC08B" box="[597,739,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FC8DFB9C2B85C08B" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[787,906,1140,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FC8DFB9C2B85C08B" box="[787,906,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 1165 m, 27.03.2019. Photo by Evgeny Koshkin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D01FFF6FF59FAEA2A3DC33F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1282,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
|
||
According to the external morphology and the structure of male genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FB8BFAEA2CE4C11B" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1045,1259,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FB8BFAEA2CE4C11B" box="[1045,1259,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FE98FACE29ADC147" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[262,418,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FE98FACE29ADC147" box="[262,418,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FE46FACE2B71C147" authority="Roesler & Kuppers, 1976" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[472,894,1318,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FE46FACE2A53C147" box="[472,604,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D01FFF6FDFCFACE2B71C147" author="Roesler, U. R. & Kuppers, P. V." box="[610,894,1318,1345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="161 - 170" refId="ref2036" refString="Roesler, U. R. & Kuppers, P. V. (1976) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Sumatras. Teil 4: Funf neue Cyana - Arten (Lepidoptera Arctiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 86 (15), 161 - 170. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1976">Roesler & Küppers, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D01FFF6FC13FACE2C29C147" box="[909,1062,1318,1345]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Fig. 1 E, F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FBA7FACE2D0AC147" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1081,1285,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FBA7FACE2D0AC147" box="[1081,1285,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Cyana malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6280765E7D01FFF6FF29FAA22912C163" box="[183,285,1354,1380]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6280765E7D01FFF6FE32FAA22A1AC163" box="[428,533,1354,1380]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sumatra, Borneo and Palawan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D01FFF6FC0CFAA22C21C163" author="Roepke, W." box="[914,1070,1354,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="26 - 36" refId="ref2004" refString="Roepke, W. (1946) Revisional notes on the genus Cyana Wlk. (Lep.: Lithosiidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 87, 26 - 36." type="journal article" year="1946">Roepke 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D01FFF6FBA3FAA22CD9C163" author="Bucsek, K." box="[1085,1238,1354,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" refId="ref1742" refString="Bucsek, K. (2012) Erebidae, Arctiinae (Lithosiini, Arctiini) of Malay Peninsula - Malaysia. Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, 170 pp., 28 col + 23 b / w plates." type="book" year="2012">Bucsek 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D01FFF6FB7AFAA22D98C163" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[1252,1431,1354,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="279 - 486" refId="ref1921" refString="Holloway, J. D. (2001) The moths of Borneo [Part 7]: Arctiidae, Lithosiinae. Malayan Nature Journal, 55, 279 - 486." type="journal article" year="2001">Holloway 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D01FFF6FF09FA87293BC18F" author="Lourens, J. H." box="[151,308,1390,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref1953" refString="Lourens, J. H. (2017) The gonypetes - group of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 of South-East Asia (Erebidae: Arctiinae, Lithosiini). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge, 38 (2 / 3), 89 - 102." type="journal article" year="2017">Lourens 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FE19FA862A03C18F" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[391,524,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FE19FA862A03C18F" box="[391,524,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in Sumatra (
|
||
<typeStatus id="C52C886C7D01FFF6FD75FA862B12C18F" box="[747,797,1390,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: «N-Sumatra b. Berastagi Umg. Kampong,
|
||
<quantity id="DD6F9B2B7D01FFF6FAFAFA8628A0C1AB" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
|
||
») and Borneo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D01FFF6FEC2FA7A2A77C1AB" author="Roesler, U. R. & Kuppers, P. V." box="[348,632,1426,1453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="161 - 170" refId="ref2036" refString="Roesler, U. R. & Kuppers, P. V. (1976) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Sumatras. Teil 4: Funf neue Cyana - Arten (Lepidoptera Arctiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 86 (15), 161 - 170. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1976">Roesler & Küppers 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E064B3F7D01FFF6FD1AFA7A2B39C1AB" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[644,822,1426,1452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="279 - 486" refId="ref1921" refString="Holloway, J. D. (2001) The moths of Borneo [Part 7]: Arctiidae, Lithosiinae. Malayan Nature Journal, 55, 279 - 486." type="journal article" year="2001">Holloway 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, these three species co-occur in Sumatra, which is confirmed during current study (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D01FFF6FD82FA5E2A6DC1D7" box="[540,610,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, 3).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FD0BFA5E2B66C1D7" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[661,873,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FD0BFA5E2B66C1D7" box="[661,873,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FC63FA5E2C96C1D7" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1021,1177,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FC63FA5E2C96C1D7" box="[1021,1177,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the strong reduction of the red pattern elements on the forewing and thorax upperside, particularly in the absence of the red patterns along the antemedial and postmedial lines, on the tegulae, on the posterior margin of the dorsal side of the thorax, and also in the reduced subbasal line. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FD2EF9CA2B42C23B" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[688,845,1570,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FD2EF9CA2B42C23B" box="[688,845,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wider black antemedial line. The shape of the bends of the antemedial and postmedial lines are almost identical in these two species. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FB61F9AE2D93C267" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1279,1436,1606,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FB61F9AE2D93C267" box="[1279,1436,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sumatra have a little variability in the shape of the lower bend in the antemedial line, from weakly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D01FFF6FAA7F9822D9BC283" box="[1337,1428,1642,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Fig. 1 F</figureCitation>
|
||
) to strongly curved (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FE30F9662A5DC2AF" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[430,594,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FE30F9662A5DC2AF" box="[430,594,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FDF7F9662B32C2AF" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[617,829,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FDF7F9662B32C2AF" box="[617,829,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FC4FF9662C59C2AF" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[977,1110,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FC4FF9662C59C2AF" box="[977,1110,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the same features as from the previous species, as well as by the lack of black areas between the subbasal and antemedial lines, and between the postmedial line and the subterminal band. In turn,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FD75F93E2B60C2F7" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[747,879,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FD75F93E2B60C2F7" box="[747,879,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FC61F93E2C94C2F7" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1023,1179,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FC61F93E2C94C2F7" box="[1023,1179,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only in the presence of the aforementioned black areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D01FFF6FD9EF9122A50C313" box="[512,607,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Fig. 1 G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The coloration of the underside of both wings and legs is almost identical in these three species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D01FFF6FE0AF8F62A2BC33F" box="[404,548,1822,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-190@1.[196,1391,522,1843]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyana spp., habitus.A, B, C, D, H—C. nigrilineata; E, F, I—C. malayensis; G, J—C. barisana. A–C, F–J—males, D–E—females; A, B, D, E, F, G—dorsal view, C—ventral view, H, I, J—lateral view. Locality and date for all specimens (except D): Indonesia, Sumatra Island, West Sumatra Province, Solok regency, vicinities of Batang Barus desa, 26–28.03.2019. (Figures A–C & E–J by Evgeny Koshkin, D—C. nigrilineata type after Hampson, 1900)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10273380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10273380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Fig. 1 H, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1A2836CE7D01FFF6FF59F8AA2BE6C3CE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1282,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
|
||
The male genitalia structures of these three species are also very similar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D01FFF6FBB7F8AA2C7DC35B" box="[1065,1138,1858,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,243,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[189,1398,237,1719]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cyana spp., male genitalia. A, B—C. nigrilineata, C, D—C. malayensis, E—C. barisana. Collecting data as Fig. 1. Photos by Evgeny Koshkin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10169877/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The saccular process of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FF09F88E2963C387" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,364,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FF09F88E2963C387" box="[151,364,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Cyana nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is narrower and straighter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FD6BF88E2B9CC387" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[757,915,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FD6BF88E2B9CC387" box="[757,915,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which it has a bend at outer margin and is sharply tapered towards to the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="82AC2A4B7D01FFF6FDACF8622ABBC3A3" box="[562,692,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,243,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[189,1398,237,1719]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cyana spp., male genitalia. A, B—C. nigrilineata, C, D—C. malayensis, E—C. barisana. Collecting data as Fig. 1. Photos by Evgeny Koshkin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10169877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10169877/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Fig. 2 A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The vesica of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FCFDF8622BE8C3A3" authorityName="Roesler & Kuppers" authorityYear="1976" box="[867,999,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FCFDF8622BE8C3A3" box="[867,999,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. barisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FB36F8622D42C3A3" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1192,1357,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FB36F8622D42C3A3" box="[1192,1357,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. nigrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD974D4D7D01FFF6FA1DF862291CC3CF" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Cyana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28E3EADC7D01FFF6FA1DF862291CC3CF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">C. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and zigzag curved whereas it is unidirectional in the congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |