411 lines
51 KiB
XML
411 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="28F16DA8731D97F2FF96AEF440845BF0" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Phegopteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="DFAC014556B711143329A3F00BD9ACAD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1877BB900CF1A9490CA857C9D2F1EB7E">
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<mods:title id="70DC90909A3CDBE8904B3517BE75CF71">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="243CD22208B281E6761FC0CDAFDDE802" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B37623721215E03675EB30FEDED7AC48">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FA348182DCA4B418B3FB9DF845E0E366">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="72D05A8708983BCADDD64B19E706A141">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C81B4F58745DDD3A8856FA375E0AA9CE" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BA86C3200DD3D7AA6AB5197AE9504C71">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CC74CF11BF39606D247BE0EC0F4EB055">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1FA988D5067DA627566E22404A6819A1">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6C2ECBF10E18793EF8DBA27CB17CE6F9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="FF15DF5E2EBAC36003EF528E6777E5B8">
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<mods:dateIssued id="3DF161FF995F8B48B0E8A0F9B8BA22BF">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="41F4E1CB899DFD38D55A6C1F31398CD9">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="BC0A62C1C83DD3BF1BD5D1D9A2809508">
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<mods:placeTerm id="7958E407766E87C427993663051F7834">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:classification id="8DFEA2CA1230E1FA033A61C45D1C051D">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="620273B464B4E327944F803F4D708086" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9ABF0D2293D87BEB30992778D2B3C0EC" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" blockId="74.[97,1227,1183,1271]" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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||
<heading id="D0E9818CFFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" ID-CoL="6N3D" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" bold="true" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">PHEGOPTERIS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7981FD3BFB66" box="[97,668,1223,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7981FD3BFB66" blockId="74.[97,1227,1183,1271]" box="[97,668,1223,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFA39B01604A7981FD3BFB66" box="[97,668,1223,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01604A7981FE57FB67" ID-CoL="6N3D" authority="(C. Presl) Fee, Mem. Foug." authorityName="Fee, Mem. Foug." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[97,496,1223,1245]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7981FF7BFB66" bold="true" box="[97,220,1224,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Phegopteris</emphasis>
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(C. Presl) Fée, Mém. Foug.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
5:242–243. 1852.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0162B07982FC71FB4C" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0162B07982FC71FB4C" blockId="74.[97,1227,1183,1271]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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—
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA39B0162847982FD5DFB60" box="[687,762,1227,1243]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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(designated by
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA39B0163537982FB66FB67" author="Ching" box="[888,1217,1227,1244]" issue="4" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="312" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963">
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<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFA39B0163537982FB66FB67" author="Ching" box="[888,1217,1227,1244]" issue="4" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="312" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963">
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Ching,
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<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFA39B0163997982FB66FB67" box="[946,1217,1227,1244]" issue="4" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="312" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963">Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(4):312. 1963</bibCitation>
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01608A79ACFE25FB4C" ID-CoL="4FXZ9" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[161,386,1253,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01608A79ACFEC3FB4D" box="[161,356,1253,1270]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Phegopteris polypodioides</emphasis>
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Fée
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</taxonomicName>
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(based on
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0161F879ACFD21FB4D" ID-CoL="6N3D" box="[467,646,1253,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phegopteris">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161F879ACFD21FB4D" box="[467,646,1253,1270]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Polypodium phegopteris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.) [=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01629D79ACFC75FB4C" ID-CoL="4FXST" authority="(Michx.) Watt" authorityName="Watt" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[694,978,1253,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01629D79ACFCC5FB4D" box="[694,866,1253,1270]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis>
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(Michx.) Watt
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0160AA7843FE7BFA8C" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0160AA7843FE1BFAA7" blockId="74.[129,476,1290,1335]" box="[129,444,1290,1308]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160AA7843FF66FAA0" box="[129,193,1290,1307]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Lastrella</emphasis>
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(H. Ito in Nakai & Honda) Nakai
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0160AA786CFE7BFA8C" blockId="74.[129,476,1290,1335]" box="[129,476,1317,1335]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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For additional synonymy, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA39B01614A786FFE7FFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[353,472,1318,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7805FD7AFAD9" box="[97,733,1356,1378]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7805FD7AFAD9" blockId="74.[97,1228,1356,1826]" box="[97,733,1356,1378]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7805FF6EFADA" box="[97,201,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Etymology.</emphasis>
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—Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161287805FEE7FADA" box="[259,320,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">phegos</emphasis>
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, beech +
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161B37804FE6BFAD9" box="[408,460,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">pteris</emphasis>
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, fern, a fern of beech forests.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0060A47824FB80FE2C" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0060A47824FB80FE2C" blockId="74.[97,1228,1356,1826]" lastBlockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
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Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized (
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA39B0162347824FD24FA39" box="[543,643,1389,1410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20–60 cm</quantity>
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);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162B97824FD57FA39" bold="true" box="[658,752,1389,1410]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">rhizomes</emphasis>
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long-creeping, branching, subterranean, or short, ascending, or erect, with pale to brown, ovate scales with marginal hairs;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01633E78C4FCFFFA19" bold="true" box="[789,856,1421,1442]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">fronds</emphasis>
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monomorphic, erect to arching;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164A678C4FB6FFA19" bold="true" box="[1165,1224,1421,1442]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">stipes</emphasis>
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dull-stramineous, terete to shallowly grooved adaxially;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162AF78E4FD5FFA7A" bold="true" box="[644,760,1452,1474]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">stipe scales</emphasis>
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stramineous to brown, ovate to lanceolate with marginal setulae;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161217885FEEBFA5A" bold="true" box="[266,332,1484,1505]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous to membranaceous, deciduous, with no clear articulations, broadly ovate-deltate, broadest at or near base of lamina (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0161C978A4FDD9F9BA" box="[482,638,1516,1538]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexagonoptera">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161C978A4FDD9F9BA" box="[482,638,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P. hexagonoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or lanceolate, tapering towards apex and base (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01647D78A4FF01F999" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decursivepinnata">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01647D78A4FF01F999" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P. decursivepinnata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), pinnate-pinnatifid to nearly bipinnate (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0162777B44FD1CF99A" box="[604,699,1548,1570]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koreana">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162777B44FD1CF99A" box="[604,699,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P.koreana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), with alate rachises (sometimes proximal pinna-pairs free), these often with small, vascularized extensions of laminar tissue connecting adjacent pinnae;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164107B64FB25F9F9" bold="true" box="[1083,1154,1581,1602]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">pinnae</emphasis>
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deeply lobed, segments entire, or with crenate to lobed margins, pinna-bases adnate, with decurrent wings to next pinna-pair, sometimes bases of proximal one or two pinna-pairs narrowed and sessile (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0163737B24FC6CF93A" box="[856,971,1644,1666]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163737B24FC6CF93A" box="[856,971,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P. connectilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163F57B24FBB4F939" bold="true" box="[990,1043,1645,1666]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">veins</emphasis>
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||
free, often forking, reaching margin of lamina, or terminating near margin;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162A67BC5FD58F91A" bold="true" box="[653,767,1676,1697]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">aerophores</emphasis>
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||
absent;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01637A7BC4FB08F919" bold="true" box="[849,1199,1676,1698]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">indument abaxially and adaxially</emphasis>
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||
of hyaline acicular hairs and narrow, hyaline, lanceolate scales with setulose margins, borne on rachises, costae, veins, and laminar tissue, or restricted to axes;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161EF7B85FDBCF95A" bold="true" box="[452,539,1740,1761]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162407B84FD34F959" bold="true" box="[619,659,1741,1762]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">sori</emphasis>
|
||
medial, discrete, exindusiate, rarely with small indusium;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7BA4FF6DF8B9" bold="true" box="[97,202,1773,1794]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
sometimes with acicular or capitate hairs;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162AB7BA5FD62F8BA" bold="true" box="[640,709,1772,1793]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">spores</emphasis>
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||
smooth with essentially no ornamentation (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164937BA4FEA3F89A" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA39B0164937BA4FB6FF8B9" box="[1208,1224,1773,1794]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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||
. decursive-pinnata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), a low reticulum, or tubercules (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA39B0162677A44FD52F899" author="Patel" box="[588,757,1804,1826]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="74" pageNumber="64" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA39B0162D47A44FC3EF899" author="Kim" box="[767,921,1804,1826]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kim" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" pagination="440 - 443" part="14" refId="ref110727" refString="KIM, C. H., B. - Y. SUN, & S. H. PARK. 2004. A new species of Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Korea. Novon 14: 440 - 443." title="A new species of Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Korea" type="journal article" year="2004">Kim et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), also with an adnate perine (a feature apparently unique within the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00620D7DEBFCB6FF0C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[550,785,162,183]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
));
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063027DEBFC93FF0C" box="[809,820,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 30, with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known, based on counts of five of the six species. For
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062BC7D88FC17FF6D" box="[663,944,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062BC7D88FCA3FF6D" box="[663,772,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phegopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
decursive-pinnata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, all three cytotypes have been reported, suggesting further study is needed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00620C7DA8FD52FF4D" box="[551,757,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00620C7DA8FD52FF4D" box="[551,757,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is predominantly triploid throughout its circumboreal distribution, though diploid cytotypes are known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0062957C4BFD53FEAC" box="[702,756,258,279]" name="Japan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00632A7C4BFC0DFEAC" author="Matsumoto" box="[769,938,258,279]" firstAuthor="Matsumoto" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., B." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="101 - 110" part="8" refId="ref111860" refString="MATSUMOTO, S. 1982. Distribution patterns of two reproductive types of Phegopteris connectilis in eastern Japan. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., B., 8: 101 - 110." title="Distribution patterns of two reproductive types of Phegopteris connectilis in eastern Japan" type="journal article" year="1982">Matsumoto 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The North American allotetraploid, previously treated within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0061807C6BFDB8FE8D" box="[427,543,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061807C6BFDB8FE8D" box="[427,543,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. connectilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been segregated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00632D7C68FBDDFE8C" authority="(Patel et al. 2019 b)" baseAuthorityName="Patel" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[774,1146,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00632D7C68FC62FE8D" box="[774,965,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0063FB7C6BFBD3FE8C" author="Patel" box="[976,1140,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="211 - 218" part="27" refId="ref112771" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, & A. V. GILMAN. 2019 b. Phegopteris excelsior (Thelypteridaceae): a new species of North American tetraploid beech fern. Novon 27: 211 - 218." title="Phegopteris excelsior (Thelypteridaceae): a new species of North American tetraploid beech fern" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="b">Patel et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Apomixis is known to occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0061697C0BFE04FEED" box="[322,419,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061697C0BFE04FEED" box="[322,419,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both apomictic and sexual populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00634D7C0BFC7CFEED" box="[870,987,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00634D7C0BFC7CFEED" box="[870,987,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. connectilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064237C0BFB18FEED" box="[1032,1215,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0064237C0BFBB1FEEC" box="[1032,1046,322,343]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
. decursive-pinnata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are reported. Although no hybrids are known, there is compelling evidence for hybrid speciation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0063DF7C2BFB0DFECC" author="Driscoll" box="[1012,1194,354,375]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Driscoll" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="309 - 321" part="105" refId="ref108073" refString="DRISCOLL, H. E., D. S. BARRINGTON, & A. V. GILMAN. 2003. A reexamination of the apogamous tetraploid Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from northeastern North America. Rhodora 105: 309 - 321." title="A reexamination of the apogamous tetraploid Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from northeastern North America" type="journal article" year="2003">Driscoll et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Patel et al. unpubl. data). See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0061737CCBFE4CFE2C" author="Chandra" box="[344,491,386,407]" firstAuthor="Chandra" journalOrPublisher="Sci. & Cult." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="259 - 260" part="29" refId="ref107091" refString="CHANDRA, P. 1963. Observations on the gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte of Lastrea phegopteris and Lastrea pyrrhorhachis. Sci. & Cult. 29: 259 - 260." title="Observations on the gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte of Lastrea phegopteris and Lastrea pyrrhorhachis" type="journal article" year="1963">Chandra (1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0061D87CCBFD85FE2C" author="Chandra" box="[499,546,386,407]" firstAuthor="Chandra" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Indian Acad. Sci." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="68 - 79" part="79" refId="ref107147" refString="CHANDRA, P. 1974. Observations on the genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris and Macrothelypteris. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 79: 68 - 79." title="Observations on the genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for illustrations of anatomy and microscopic features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060827CEBFB23FD8C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060827CEBFB23FD8C" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060827CEBFEADFE0C" box="[169,266,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
—The primarily north-temperate and montane
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062FA7CE8FC9CFE0D" box="[721,827,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062FA7CE8FC9CFE0D" box="[721,827,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from its mostly tropical sister genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00613C7C88FE67FE6D" box="[279,448,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00613C7C88FE67FE6D" box="[279,448,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and closely related tropical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063387C88FC08FE6D" box="[787,943,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063387C88FC08FE6D" box="[787,943,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the adnate pinna-bases, and winged rachises with vascularized projections between pinnae (vs. pinnae mostly free, with only the distal pinnae adnate). Additionally, the stipe-scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00623E7F48FD23FDAD" box="[533,644,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00623E7F48FD23FDAD" box="[533,644,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear setulae restricted to the margins, while stipe-scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060527F68FE84FD8D" box="[121,291,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060527F68FE84FD8D" box="[121,291,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00617B7F68FE4BFD8D" box="[336,492,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00617B7F68FE4BFD8D" box="[336,492,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also bear setulae on the scale surfaces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00634B7F6BFC4DFD8C" author="Lin" box="[864,1002,546,567]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0063DA7F6BFBDEFD8C" author="Holttum" box="[1009,1145,546,567]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060827F08FD9EFCCC" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060827F08FD9EFCCC" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060827F08FE39FDED" box="[169,414,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
—The six species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00624C7F08FD75FDED" box="[615,722,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00624C7F08FD75FDED" box="[615,722,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are primarily north-temperate, with a few subtropical montane occurrences as far south as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0061F87F2BFDBBFDCC" box="[467,540,610,631]" name="Taiwan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occurring from near sea-level to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA29B00637E7F2BFC07FDCC" box="[853,928,610,631]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</quantity>
|
||
. They may be terrestrial or epipetric, in shady forest understories, or along streams, or in open, disturbed sites. The apomictic triploid,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0064587FC8FF7FFD0D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064587FC8FF7FFD0D" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has among the broadest geographic ranges of any vascular plant species, extending throughout the northern temperate and boreal forests of Europe, Asia, and North America. Two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063557F8BFBBCFD6D" box="[894,1051,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexagonoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063557F8BFBBCFD6D" box="[894,1051,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. hexagonoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0064797F8BFB10FD6D" box="[1106,1207,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064797F8BFB10FD6D" box="[1106,1207,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are endemic to eastern North America, and two are endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0062E07FABFC8FFD4C" box="[715,808,738,759]" name="China" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063197FABFC32FD4D" box="[818,917,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063197FABFC32FD4D" box="[818,917,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. koreana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B00639D7FABFC55FD4C" box="[950,1010,738,759]" name="South Korea" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and another,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0064547FABFB7DFD4D" box="[1151,1242,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064547FABFB7DFD4D" box="[1151,1242,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. tibetica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA29B0061377E4BFEEEFCAC" box="[284,329,770,791]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected from montane conifer forests in Tibet and in neighboring
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0063F17E4BFBB4FCAC" box="[986,1043,770,791]" name="Nepal" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060907E68FE74FC8D" box="[187,467,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060907E68FE80FC8D" box="[187,295,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phegopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
decursive-pinnata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is widespread in continental temperate and subtropical Asia, also extending to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0060527E0BFF67FCEC" box="[121,192,834,855]" name="Taiwan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0060C77E0BFE82FCEC" box="[236,293,834,855]" name="Japan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.It has recently been reported as naturalized in the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0063A87E0BFBA5FCEC" box="[899,1026,834,855]" name="United States of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it likely escaped from cultivation (Florez-Parra & Keener 2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060827ECBFB89FA2C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060827ECBFF66FBEC" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060827ECBFE51FC2D" box="[169,502,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis>
|
||
—When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0062607ECBFD17FC2C" author="Fee" box="[587,688,898,919]" firstAuthor="Fee" journalOrPublisher="Berger-Levrault, Strasbourg, France" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" refId="ref108464" refString="FEE, A. L. A. 1852. Genera filicum: exposition des genres de la famille des Polypodiacees. Berger-Levrault, Strasbourg, France." title="Genera filicum: exposition des genres de la famille des Polypodiacees" type="book" year="1852">Fée (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
elevated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00632C7EC8FCD6FC2D" box="[775,881,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00632C7EC8FCD6FC2D" box="[775,881,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to generic status, his concept included over 50 species with morphologically similar sori and venation, and subsequently hundreds of combinations spanning a diversity of currently accepted fern families were published in that genus. More than a century later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0064137E8BFB1FFC6C" author="Ching" box="[1080,1208,962,983]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first to recognize the genus in its current, narrow circumscription, also recognizing the close affinity, but distinctness, of two segregate genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0061BF7948FD99FBAD" box="[404,574,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061BF7948FD99FBAD" box="[404,574,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062477948FCA0FBAD" box="[620,775,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062477948FCA0FBAD" box="[620,775,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These three genera together constitute one of the two subfamilies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B006130796BFE68FB8C" box="[283,463,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The remaining genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062EE796BFCCDFB8C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[709,874,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are within the Thelypteridoideae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00649F796BFF11FBEC" author="PPG I" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
PPG
|
||
<date id="FFA01020FFA29B006052790BFF11FBEC" box="[121,182,1090,1111]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" value="2016-01">I 2016</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B006081792BFECEFB6D" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
All molecular phylogenetic studies to date (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006271792BFC98FBCC" author="Smith & Cranfill" box="[602,831,1122,1143]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="131 - 150" part="92" refId="ref114628" refString="SMITH, A. R. & R. B. CRANFILL. 2002. Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). Amer. Fern J. 92: 131 - 150." title="Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA29B006271792BFD31FBCC" box="[602,662,1122,1143]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Cranfill 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006361792BFBA6FBCC" author="He & Zhang" box="[842,1025,1122,1143]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006420792BFB7AFBCC" author="Schneider" box="[1035,1245,1122,1143]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="61 - 70" part="51" refId="ref113867" refString="SCHNEIDER, H., L-J. HE, J. MARQUARDT, L. WANG, J. HEINRICHS, S. HENNEQUIN, & X-C. ZHANG. 2013. Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 61 - 70." title="Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris" type="journal article" year="2013">Schneider et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00605279CBFE94FB2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[121,307,1154,1175]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00611779CBFE78FB2C" author="Patel" box="[316,479,1154,1175]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fawcett et al. in press) have corroborated the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00640179CBFB79FB2C" box="[1066,1246,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the monophyly of its three constituent genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00627079E8FD62FB0D" box="[603,709,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00627079E8FD62FB0D" box="[603,709,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00630579E8FC70FB0D" box="[814,983,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00630579E8FC70FB0D" box="[814,983,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that combined clade is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060E37988FEC4FB6D" box="[200,355,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060E37988FEC4FB6D" box="[200,355,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B00608279ABFB89FA2C" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00608279ABFDBEFB4D" box="[169,537,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Notes.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060D779A8FECDFB4D" box="[252,362,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phegopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
decursive-pinnata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has been the subject of several important studies on fern reproductive biology. Its study has contributed to our understanding of the functional differences in breeding systems in diploids vs. tetraploids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006123786BFE01FA8C" author="Masuyama" box="[264,422,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Masuyama" journalOrPublisher="Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="275 - 289" part="92" refId="ref111806" refString="MASUYAMA, S. 1979. Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 92: 275 - 289." title="Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata" type="journal article" year="1979">Masuyama 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the mechanisms underlying gametophytic self-incompatibility (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00641E786BFB70FA8C" author="Masuyama" box="[1077,1239,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Masuyama" journalOrPublisher="Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="107 - 121" part="99" refId="ref111833" refString="MASUYAMA, S. 1986. Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 99: 107 - 121." title="Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata" type="journal article" year="1986">Masuyama 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has also yielded insight into the pathways to autopolyploid speciation, which has been rarely studied in ferns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0064B3780BFF7CFACC" author="Nakato" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nakato" journalOrPublisher="J. Pl. Res." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="465 - 474" part="125" refId="ref112304" refString="NAKATO, N., R. OOTSUKI, N. MURAKAMI, & S. MASUYAMA 2012. Two types of partial fertility in a diploid population of the fern Thelypteris decursive-pinnata (Thelypteridaceae). J. Pl. Res. 125: 465 - 474." title="Two types of partial fertility in a diploid population of the fern Thelypteris decursive-pinnata (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Nakato et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0060C8782BFE15FACC" author="Kawakami" box="[227,434,1377,1399]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kawakami" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="319 - 322" part="84" refId="ref110643" refString="KAWAKAMI, S. M., J. KATO, & S. KAWAKAMI. 2019. Meiosis of dihaploid Thelypteris decursive-pinnata produced artificially by induced apogamy. Cytologia 84: 319 - 322." title="Meiosis of dihaploid Thelypteris decursive-pinnata produced artificially by induced apogamy" type="journal article" year="2019">Kawakami et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of the ease of propagation, the diversity of ploidy and breeding systems, and strong foundational work,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00615E78C8FE78FA2D" box="[373,479,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00615E78C8FE78FA2D" box="[373,479,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains an excellent candidate for future experimental study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B00608278E8FBE3FA6C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B00608278E8FBE3FA6C" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00608278E8FEF1FA0C" box="[169,342,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Constituent species</emphasis>
|
||
.—*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00615678E8FD7DFA0D" authority="(Michx.) Watt" authorityName="Watt" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[381,730,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00615678E8FDEBFA0D" box="[381,588,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Michx.) Watt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062C778EBFC04FA0D" box="[748,931,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0062C778EBFD5DFA0C" box="[748,762,1442,1463]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
. decursive-pinnata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(H.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0063EC78EBFC7EFA0C" box="[967,985,1442,1463]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
. Hall) Fée; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00646678EBFE9CFA6C" authority="N. R. Patel & A. V. Gilman" authorityName="N. R. Patel & A. V. Gilman" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00646678EBFB16FA0D" box="[1101,1201,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
N.R. Patel & A.V. Gilman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B006166788BFDCEFA6C" authority="(Michx.) Fee" authorityName="Fee" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[333,617,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexagonoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B006166788BFE4FFA6D" box="[333,488,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. hexagonoptera</emphasis>
|
||
(Michx.) Fée
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00625A788BFC3BFA6C" authority="B. Y. Sun & C. H. Kim" authorityName="B. Y. Sun & C. H. Kim" box="[625,924,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00625A788BFD77FA6D" box="[625,720,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P.koreana</emphasis>
|
||
B.Y. Sun & C.H. Kim
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00638F788BFBE3FA6C" authority="Ching." box="[932,1092,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00638F788BFC5AFA6D" box="[932,1021,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. tibetica</emphasis>
|
||
Ching.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |