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<mods:title id="51DD54F4A4EFAD9EF6B0BC76C5A2079B">New and revised taxa of Carboniferous spiriferides (Brachiopoda, Spiriferida) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine) and South Urals (Russia)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3096C845959D207FDAFCED9FC03B050" box="[565,1023,752,778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FDAFCED9FC03B050" blockId="9.[565,1023,752,778]" box="[565,1023,752,778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0E488635959D207FDAFCED9FC03B050" box="[565,1023,752,778]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FD1DCED9FC03B050" authority="Gatinaud, 1949" authorityName="Gatinaud" authorityYear="1949" box="[647,1023,752,778]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Betaneospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FD1DCED9FCBEB050" bold="true" box="[647,834,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Betaneospirifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FCD0CED9FC03B050" author="Gatinaud G." box="[842,1023,752,778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="153 - 492" refId="ref10516" refString="Gatinaud G. 1949. Contributions a l'etude des brachiopodes Spiriferidae. 1. Expose d'une nouvelle methode d'etude de la morphologie externe des Spiriferidae a sinus plisse. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (2 e Serie) 21: 153 - 492. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 54382725 [accessed 7 Oct. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1949">Gatinaud, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096C845959D207FF27CF18FC22B023" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27CF18FEA4B011" blockId="9.[189,344,817,843]" box="[189,344,817,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0E488635959D207FF27CF18FEA4B011" bold="true" box="[189,344,817,843]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FF27CF18FEA4B011" bold="true" box="[189,344,817,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
<typeStatus id="54A881AD5959D207FF27CF18FF06B011" box="[189,250,817,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27CF76FC22B023" blockId="9.[189,990,863,889]" box="[189,990,863,889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FF27CF76FD1CB023" authority="Davidson, 1862: 28" authorityName="Davidson" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1862" box="[189,736,863,889]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="moosakhailensis">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FF27CF76FE13B023" box="[189,495,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Spirifera moosakhailensis</emphasis>
Davidson, 1862: 28
</taxonomicName>
; original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096C845959D207FF27CF89FEE4B7CF" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27CF89FECAB0E0" blockId="9.[189,310,928,954]" box="[189,310,928,954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0E488635959D207FF27CF89FECAB0E0" bold="true" box="[189,310,928,954]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FF27CF89FECAB0E0" bold="true" box="[189,310,928,954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27CFE7FEE4B7CF" blockId="9.[188,1400,974,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Shells relatively thick-walled, medium to large in size; with transverse outlines; cardinal extremities from weakly rounded to mucronate or alate; ventral area triangular or trapezoidal with subparallel lower and upper edges, usually apsacline; hinge line denticulate; lateral slopes moderately or sharply folded, covered with numerous fasciculated almost uniform in width ribs, microornament regularly imbricate. Ventral valve has short deltirial plate, composed of short, rapidly diverging adminicula and dental flanges.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096C845959D207FF27C895FE53B408" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27C895FED3B78C" blockId="9.[189,303,1212,1238]" box="[189,303,1212,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0E488635959D207FF27C895FED3B78C" bold="true" box="[189,303,1212,1238]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FF27C895FED3B78C" bold="true" box="[189,303,1212,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27C8C3FE53B408" blockId="9.[188,1401,1258,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
The remark in the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FDDFC8C3FBCEB65E" authority="(Carter et al. 2006: 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Carter et al. 2006:" baseAuthorityPageNumber="1790" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[581,1074,1258,1284]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Betaneospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FDDFC8C3FD00B65E" box="[581,764,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Betaneospirifer</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FC91C8C3FBD5B65E" author="Carter J. L. &amp; Johnson J. G. &amp; Gourvennec R. &amp; Hou H." box="[779,1065,1258,1284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="1689 - 1937" refId="ref10185" refString="Carter J. L., Johnson J. G., Gourvennec R. &amp; Hou H. - f. 2006. Spiriferida. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Pt H, Revised Brachiopoda 5: 1689 - 1937. The Geological Society of America, The University of Kansas, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="2006">
Carter
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FCC5C8C2FC66B65E" box="[863,922,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 1790
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
“The validity of this genus is contingent on confirmation and completion of the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FC52C924FBB2B67D" authorityName="Frederiks" authorityYear="1924" box="[968,1102,1293,1319]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Trigonotretidae" genus="Neospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FC52C924FBB2B67D" box="[968,1102,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Neospirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” was related to the error in the choice of the
<typeStatus id="54A881AD5959D207FE2BC919FDE1B610" box="[433,541,1328,1354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FDD2C919FC21B610" authority="Keyserling, 1846" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1846" box="[584,989,1328,1354]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="fasciger">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FDD2C919FCF6B610" box="[584,778,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Spirifer fasciger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FC8BC919FC21B610" author="Keyserling A. de" box="[785,989,1328,1354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="149 - 406" refId="ref10986" refString="Keyserling A. de. 1846. Geognostische Beobchtungen. In: Wissenschaftliche Beobachtungen auf einer Reise in das Petschora-Land im Jahre 1843: 149 - 406. Carl Kray, St. Petersburg." type="book chapter" year="1846">Keyserling, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the type species of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FB69C919FE86B636" authority="Frederiks, 1924" authorityName="Frederiks" authorityYear="1924" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Trigonotretidae" genus="Neospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FB69C919FA85B610" box="[1267,1401,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Neospirifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FF27C97BFE86B636" author="Frederiks G. N." box="[189,378,1362,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="295 - 324" refId="ref10487" refString="Frederiks G. N. 1924. Paleontologicheskiye etyudy. 2. O verkhnekamennougol'nykh spiriferidakh Urala. Izvestiya Geologicheskogo Komiteta 38 (3): 295 - 324." type="journal article" year="1924">Frederiks, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The revision of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FDDCC97BFCCDB636" author="Keyserling A. de" box="[582,817,1362,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="149 - 406" refId="ref10986" refString="Keyserling A. de. 1846. Geognostische Beobchtungen. In: Wissenschaftliche Beobachtungen auf einer Reise in das Petschora-Land im Jahre 1843: 149 - 406. Carl Kray, St. Petersburg." type="book chapter" year="1846">Keyserlings (1846)</bibRefCitation>
collection published by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FBC2C97BFAE8B636" author="Poletaev V. I." box="[1112,1300,1362,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="54 - 63" refId="ref11866" refString="Poletaev V. I. 1997. Revision of the genus Neospirifer Frederiks, 1924 and the new genus from subfamily Neospiriferinae - Lutuginia. Paleontological Journal 3: 54 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1997">Poletaev (1997)</bibRefCitation>
showed that the specimen SPGGI 129/46, chosen by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FD47C95CFBD7B6D5" author="Archbold N. W. &amp; Thomas G. A." box="[733,1067,1397,1423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="626 - 635" refId="ref9634" refString="Archbold N. W. &amp; Thomas G. A. 1984. Neospirifer Frederiks, 1924 (Spiriferida, Brachiopoda): A review. Journal of Paleontology 58 (3): 626 - 635." type="journal article" year="1984">Archbold &amp; Thomas (1984)</bibRefCitation>
as the
<typeStatus id="54A881AD5959D207FB1FC95CFB0DB6D5" box="[1157,1265,1397,1423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FA87C95CFEE0B6E8" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1846" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="fasciger">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FA87C95CFEE0B6E8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Spirifer fasciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, most probably does not belong to the real
<typeStatus id="54A881AD5959D207FC95C9B1FC8AB6E8" box="[783,886,1432,1458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of this species, because its image is missing among the primary good quality drawings of Keyserlings specimens. In addition, this specimen does not show any characters of the species and has to be rejected as
<typeStatus id="54A881AD5959D207FCF7C9F4FC20B6AD" box="[877,988,1501,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. Specimen SPGGI 128/46 has been proposed (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FEA2CA29FE18B540" author="Poletaev V. I." box="[312,484,1536,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="54 - 63" refId="ref11866" refString="Poletaev V. I. 1997. Revision of the genus Neospirifer Frederiks, 1924 and the new genus from subfamily Neospiriferinae - Lutuginia. Paleontological Journal 3: 54 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1997">Poletaev 1997</bibRefCitation>
) as neolectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FD40CA29FC67B540" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1846" box="[730,923,1536,1562]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="fasciger">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FD40CA29FC67B540" box="[730,923,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Spirifer fasciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not
<typeStatus id="54A881AD5959D207FC40CA29FB84B540" box="[986,1144,1536,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
as decided by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FAB7CA29FEBCB566" author="Carter J. L. &amp; Johnson J. G. &amp; Gourvennec R. &amp; Hou H." pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="1689 - 1937" refId="ref10185" refString="Carter J. L., Johnson J. G., Gourvennec R. &amp; Hou H. - f. 2006. Spiriferida. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Pt H, Revised Brachiopoda 5: 1689 - 1937. The Geological Society of America, The University of Kansas, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="2006">
Carter
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FF25CA0AFF05B566" box="[191,249,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1185, 1bc). It is the “ragged” ventral valve, which has an ovate overline, a few weak radial plicae on the flanks, and obviously belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FCB9CA6CFC21B505" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1968" box="[803,989,1605,1631]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Trigonotretidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neospiriferinae">Neospiriferinae</taxonomicName>
. This ventral valve was first shown in dorsal view by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FE11CA41FDB9B5D8" author="Poletaev V. I." box="[395,581,1640,1666]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="54 - 63" refId="ref11866" refString="Poletaev V. I. 1997. Revision of the genus Neospirifer Frederiks, 1924 and the new genus from subfamily Neospiriferinae - Lutuginia. Paleontological Journal 3: 54 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1997">Poletaev (1997)</bibRefCitation>
and has a very unusual type of short triangular ventral area and a trace of a delthyrial plate. The difference between the confirmed type species of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FBD0CAA3FB2CB5FE" authorityName="Frederiks" authorityYear="1924" box="[1098,1232,1674,1700]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Trigonotretidae" genus="Neospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FBD0CAA3FB2CB5FE" box="[1098,1232,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Neospirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FA94CAA3FE83B59D" authorityName="Davidson" authorityYear="1862" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="moosakhailensis">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FA94CAA3FE83B59D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Spirifera moosakhailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the type species of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FDEDCA84FCD0B59D" baseAuthorityName="Carter et al. 2006:" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[631,812,1709,1735]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Betaneospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FDEDCA84FCD0B59D" box="[631,812,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Betaneospirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is obvious. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FBD1CA84FB2DB59D" authorityName="Frederiks" authorityYear="1924" box="[1099,1233,1709,1735]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Trigonotretidae" genus="Neospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FBD1CA84FB2DB59D" box="[1099,1233,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Neospirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes only the type species and some closely related species from the Productus Limestone (Late Permian) of Salt Range (
<collectingCountry id="F3047F9F5959D207FE80CADBFE78B456" box="[282,388,1778,1804]" name="Pakistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
), described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FDA6CADBFCF3B456" author="Reed F. R. C." box="[572,783,1778,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 678" refId="ref12315" refString="Reed F. R. C. 1944. Brachiopods and Mollusca from the Productus Limestones of the Salt Range. Palaeontologica Indica (new series) 23 (2): 1 - 678." type="journal article" year="1944">Reed (1944: 678)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5959D207FCD7CADBFB72B457" author="Waterhouse J. B." box="[845,1166,1778,1805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref12877" refString="Waterhouse J. B. 2004. Permian and Triassic stratigraphy and fossils of the Himalaya in Northern Nepal. Earthwise 6: 1 - 265." type="journal article" year="2004">Waterhouse (2004: 1265)</bibRefCitation>
. Most of the thick-walled species of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FE11CB3CFDBDB475" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1968" box="[395,577,1813,1839]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Trigonotretidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neospiriferinae">Neospiriferinae</taxonomicName>
with long, trapezoidal ventral area belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5959D207FBD6CB3CFAFFB475" baseAuthorityName="Carter et al. 2006:" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[1100,1283,1813,1839]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Betaneospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FBD6CB3CFAFFB475" box="[1100,1283,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Betaneospirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other neospiriferid genera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096C845959D207FF27CB51FBE0B49B" box="[189,1052,1912,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27CB51FEAAB4C8" blockId="9.[189,342,1912,1938]" box="[189,342,1912,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0E488635959D207FF27CB51FEAAB4C8" bold="true" box="[189,342,1912,1938]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5959D207FF27CB51FEAAB4C8" bold="true" box="[189,342,1912,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5959D207FF27CB8EFBE0B49B" blockId="9.[189,1052,1959,1985]" box="[189,1052,1959,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
Carboniferous (late Moscovian) to Early Permian of
<collectingCountry id="F3047F9F5959D207FCB3CB8EFC8BB49B" box="[809,887,1959,1985]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Russia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3047F9F5959D207FC2ACB8EFBEBB49B" box="[944,1047,1959,1985]" name="Pakistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>