348 lines
44 KiB
XML
348 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="33138" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96b59ef6-168f-4e1a-ae02-39c424b9b916" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-55-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB0FFA5F03D481DFF8A0D2EFFA3FFDC" ID-ZBK="52609DE318634183B137D7B377E30CD1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575138" ID-ZooBank="52609DE318634183B137D7B377E30CD1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-55-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" ModsDocTitle="Subgeneric classification and biology of the leafcutter and dauber bees (genus Megachile Latreille) of the western Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)" checkinTime="1493464724191" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Praz, Christophe J." docDate="2017" docId="959B19BD52B898CE049D287DF16C38AB" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 55: 1-54" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" docPubDate="2017-04-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255" docTitle="(Xanthosarus)" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFB0FFA5F03D481DFF8A0D2EFFA3FFDC" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFB0FFA5F03D481DFF8A0D2EFFA3FFDC" masterDocTitle="Subgeneric classification and biology of the leafcutter and dauber bees (genus Megachile Latreille) of the western Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1732038998455" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:titleInfo id="11DD3CC85B8D5EE30A27A4627D1465A0">
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<mods:title id="F126CA60ABE15F73C793960F228486B4">Subgeneric classification and biology of the leafcutter and dauber bees (genus Megachile Latreille) of the western Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="62E2B7690989764A00A2E00D9CB8B60C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DF29F1BBCDC7F361E962784C6450C45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2704AAE889CEFCD5DB3593EDA23EF9CD">Praz, Christophe J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C97B32B85E9234428BC69A9B5538FD6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-3141</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF3F0D660C11667F6A00E87725D94FE2">University of Neuchatel, Institute of Biology, Evolutionary Entomology, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="91980A8B772A48C05771052A3C3DADCC" type="email">christophe.praz@unine.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D9B391DF0DB5078C59539FC11986BF7C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="08AFE63CBAB207BCDED1519B27647418">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A27BFE331EFE6E83B89F3B85AD52E953">
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<mods:date id="E7A318FFE2B8B526035FD57FE9110DC7">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="39BB800772D8627CC9CD7A109D30F91F">2017-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1D1B9C53D9C143255F239ED48CEBCD88" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B42E09057D8C6B55584551D15FFF0223">55</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E68E1D7C1C9D13F381392B4D0BAFE012">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="BD9838BF4998580ED248D57B73AD5135">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="25E111D5BE10B33FB36E8D3DF6214B89">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6D856D8BB4A65F5D69B85AC17851EC9D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0E18BE06E1A1276B0A9F566135CA93DC" type="Zenodo-Dep">575138</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="959B19BD52B898CE049D287DF16C38AB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:959B19BD52B898CE049D287DF16C38AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/959B19BD52B898CE049D287DF16C38AB" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="23DEF19A088A22073779789D825E5049" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7EB6C9441DE4BB6D7D29DB13AF872E63" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="A5005179893D87808FDCE32A7A5EF5D6" LSID="00A95413-E379-5AB1-843C-0EC64BADC4C2" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Xanthosarus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" subGenus="Xanthosarus">Xanthosarus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65AEA7AE3A999E15C96E721B688AB69A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F0CB17845364CD15763B9260225CFF6D" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis and description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E37D231B84A4D9C92C238DCE8D7E1C10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="7A9C95B87873254EEA49B3DD93D3EB4D" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Females</emphasis>
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: Most females of
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<taxonomicName id="D1C07427935D0E54F992748EC4F73D76" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Xanthosarus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" subGenus="Xanthosarus">
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<emphasis id="D0036788369E769A56386D8C7A6765E2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xanthosarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a typical, broad mandible (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A44B789F25159C8CB7891E2D8C8B15AE" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 30 - 37. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 30 Megachile (Anodonteutricharaea) albohirta 31 M. (Anodonteutricharaea) thevestensis 32 M. (Megachile) versicolor 33 M. (Megachile) lapponica 34 M. (Megachile) bombycina 35 M. (Xanthosarus) lagopoda 36 M. (Xanthosarus) nigriventris 37 M. (Xanthosarus) willughbiella." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures30-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133918" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">35</figureCitation>
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) with tooth 1 larger than other teeth, without apical brush of hairs in the grooves around the base of tooth 1. In such females there is a well-visible, continuous cutting edge in the third interspace and a partial cutting edge in the second interspace (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="4B8829A9422C94E2EBFFAC68E04F14E4" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 30 - 37. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 30 Megachile (Anodonteutricharaea) albohirta 31 M. (Anodonteutricharaea) thevestensis 32 M. (Megachile) versicolor 33 M. (Megachile) lapponica 34 M. (Megachile) bombycina 35 M. (Xanthosarus) lagopoda 36 M. (Xanthosarus) nigriventris 37 M. (Xanthosarus) willughbiella." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures30-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133918" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">35</figureCitation>
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), the third interspace is deeper than the other interspaces, and the two upper teeth close together or poorly separated, so that the mandible is not clearly 5-toothed. Such females will be easy to identify using the present key. The mandible of
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<taxonomicName id="F64CF16442E83570C3D4A8302A45EC74" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1870" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
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<emphasis id="9F5C5BBCF154821F80EA35D19B600E02" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Megachile nigriventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schenck, 1868 (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="AC45820E41523B982ABADD2598597ACD" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 30 - 37. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 30 Megachile (Anodonteutricharaea) albohirta 31 M. (Anodonteutricharaea) thevestensis 32 M. (Megachile) versicolor 33 M. (Megachile) lapponica 34 M. (Megachile) bombycina 35 M. (Xanthosarus) lagopoda 36 M. (Xanthosarus) nigriventris 37 M. (Xanthosarus) willughbiella." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures30-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133918" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">36</figureCitation>
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) [and to some extend of
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<taxonomicName id="01AA3A85E34A737945BBB4ADD5620995" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. willughbiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="willughbiella">
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<emphasis id="F2DCF6F8B5740ACF2E1B620DEE94571E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. willughbiella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Kirby, 1802): Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A9508094DBA95906D48E0017AC1B1111" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 30 - 37. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 30 Megachile (Anodonteutricharaea) albohirta 31 M. (Anodonteutricharaea) thevestensis 32 M. (Megachile) versicolor 33 M. (Megachile) lapponica 34 M. (Megachile) bombycina 35 M. (Xanthosarus) lagopoda 36 M. (Xanthosarus) nigriventris 37 M. (Xanthosarus) willughbiella." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures30-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133918" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">37</figureCitation>
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] is different, less robust, with the cutting edges little visible in front view; the upper tooth is broadly truncate and the condition is intermediate between the 4-toothed and the 5-toothed conditions. In all Palearctic species of
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<taxonomicName id="FA32CFAB2F706217D154542480CA9973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Xanthosarus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Xanthosarus">
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<emphasis id="95E2EFB90B4470F50A7C847CCBD9B884" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xanthosarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the clypeus is finely and densely punctured, regularly convex (Figs
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<figureCitation id="64B0B045AEF7042397CFCC78D2209ABC" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 30 - 37. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 30 Megachile (Anodonteutricharaea) albohirta 31 M. (Anodonteutricharaea) thevestensis 32 M. (Megachile) versicolor 33 M. (Megachile) lapponica 34 M. (Megachile) bombycina 35 M. (Xanthosarus) lagopoda 36 M. (Xanthosarus) nigriventris 37 M. (Xanthosarus) willughbiella." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures30-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133918" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">35-37</figureCitation>
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) unlike the condition found in most females of
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<taxonomicName id="11EB7B55C1D461409B215470F05E1D18" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta">
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<emphasis id="50FD979387F8A2C80A957FD513AEA39D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Megachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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s. str. The scopa is mostly orange-red basally, sometimes nearly entirely black (
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<taxonomicName id="A71B1EA41478F36CCCAFA7F9409FD6EF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
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<emphasis id="18032FA73810F4F9AC3FE6F66CBD029D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. nigriventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or yellow-white on sternites 2 and 3 [e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="9A7AFDB6FE70375914E529B13F8EEC98" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maritima">
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<emphasis id="A94CEC80A06949B8BBA67D1E61B1241C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maritima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Kirby, 1802)], rarely entirely yellowish-white. The sterna lack the apical fringe of hairs beneath the scopa, unlike in most
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<taxonomicName id="85E348574D98DB77E99663036DFD877B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Eutricharaea)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Eutricharaea">
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<emphasis id="115F512F73579D69F02CDF4761A7ACA2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eutricharaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or in
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<taxonomicName id="93F87E86FBA9A209F14B8099CB6E0734" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Eurymella) patellimana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="patellimana" subGenus="Eurymella">M. (Eurymella) patellimana</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="180915BB29AC6ED4C58E2CC747FBF16C" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Males</emphasis>
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: In males of
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<taxonomicName id="5C41820470A5B9AF9E58AD9BECF076A7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Xanthosarus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Xanthosarus">
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<emphasis id="1D3B67F305892DD55BB51043E2507408" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xanthosarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the front coxal spine is always well developed; often there is a field of modified, short, orange bristles on the surface anteriorly to the spine, but such field may be lacking (e.g. in
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<taxonomicName id="2B8A904F8A6CDD8FD73D5E3C6510C829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. analis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="analis">
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<emphasis id="6F4C433BFFEC7B7D2A6394EE1D2A5F09" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. analis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nylander, 1852). The front tarsi are always yellow or white, from relatively narrow [e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="79B93BBB0DE1162500D8CBC16CE0DAC1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. analis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="analis">
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<emphasis id="5D5C781B5DEDA2DE084935399F728A27" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. analis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D38A60765756B36E0CEEBC365C83602C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. circumcincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="circumcincta">
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<emphasis id="7386E3AC1A0F7EACB3C43788AA382810" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. circumcincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Kirby, 1802)] to conspicuously enlarged [e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="8937C7DBDA21AC3780295A4074AD0551" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lagopoda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lagopoda">
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<emphasis id="2DC5E902B23CE479480E78C728A979EE" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. lagopoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus, 1761),
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<taxonomicName id="D7961E7985040DFAB7ECA61BFE1A303E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maritima">
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||
<emphasis id="4958271B81CFE2F194C9A9BE87C4A3A2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maritima</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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]; the first tarsal segment is mostly strongly concave interiorly, except in
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<taxonomicName id="4319FAF05608E38E89B586594229F80F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. analis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="analis">
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<emphasis id="CC52DE0A9078E40FCCAE9CD5515577A2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. analis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. The mandible is either 3-toothed (
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<taxonomicName id="F2672717C42FBE61B2A29F56B1D60BDC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lapogoda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lapogoda">
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||
<emphasis id="3E2D311E7A167459754040E66FFD37CE" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. lapogoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5B99366382129D33CA125C771E22A3A9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maritima">
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<emphasis id="915BC60FEFA32F1C1783C8FE9C30CB4E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maritima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or more commonly 4-toothed; the inferior margin always has a pointed process directed posteriorly; in some large species, this process is particularly large and glabrous, except for some orange hairs apically. The disc of T6 is mostly not covered by white vestiture; the preapical carina of T6 is bilobed or weakly denticulate. The apical margin of T6 often lacks a lateral tooth (a small tooth is sometimes present, e.g. in
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<taxonomicName id="D727B4955C622B52AA75D62F24D4D660" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maritima">
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||
<emphasis id="3DD84128510F4FA331A58130723AE96A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maritima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The apex of T7 is usually produced to a small tooth medially, although the tooth is small in some species; in other species T7 is weakly trifid. The gonostylus is variable, either simple or strongly bifid, but this character does not clearly segregate groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EB6A77A83749936283377FC334A3EFC3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="species composition">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B844243F8180833738AA2CA7E9BBA3F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Species composition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C3D14F7E2A4FB5D42FE401D03DC055C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
There are at least seven species in the western Palearctic:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63CCE0056DB260A106D6C7D5CBC6A16E" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile analis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="analis">
|
||
<emphasis id="33AADA377AD853AC915147FBD8164EE0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Megachile analis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="869611FE157829B2681416B2D3E429D8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. circumcincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="circumcincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6D136168754A7C100373AF765DBCCCE" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. circumcincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC677387EB72FFEE1958D5613E6ACC56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. diabolica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="diabolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEA8939D10A55117CE13A1EB17CB887C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. diabolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Friese, 1898,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C4DF93BEA67DE368126688144453526" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lagopoda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lagopoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA3BF6C61A51289214597347AF09271" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. lagopoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F7F0D98CFE8924C16C749DBEC00A47A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maritima">
|
||
<emphasis id="A86EBC70D72469068181D808E7618141" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maritima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFC11D90120BDBAA9A0DABC5B942FB8D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="894177CBB6857A8B34468CF5DEFC1627" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C365154F0907BAE6593E5143A8BC06B4" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. willughbiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="willughbiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="9033B9BEFD660A21BA4C1F72F52F36A3" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. willughbiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9F7584F4FBF2C93B82485EBDB699F7B" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. fulvimana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="fulvimana">
|
||
<emphasis id="038AD395AA3CF0D0EDF59C68BFBABB0E" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. fulvimana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eversmann, 1852 has been mentioned from Southeastern Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC89FFA99E22CAA66B3E6093944281BE" author="Banaszak, J" journalOrPublisher="Bydgoszcz University, Bydgoszcz" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="B9" refString="Banaszak, J, Romasenko, L, 2001. Megachilid bees of Europe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Bydgoszcz University, Bydgoszcz" title="Megachilid bees of Europe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)." year="2001">Banaszak and Romasenko 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); this species is known to me only from Central Asia.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FA965D5EA9B218C342A5CAEA042024E" authorityName="Benoist" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mguildensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="mguildensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="088C6EA91BF0DDAB21D69A60244CB8F9" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. mguildensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benoist, 1940, from Algeria and Morocco, apparently closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6F7BEC895609799AFF7F1D398FEFFDB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B367F46CCC2C9226131585E9C27163B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may either represent a distinct species or merely a color morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4509EB0C306A81C2217832FCCFEB2E57" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="63D4A6CE52A8E92BF50375E4E4854662" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6DBDC8125FF9E89FFF4B15688B25A8" author="Oezbek, H" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="157 - 174" refId="B68" refString="Oezbek, H, Zanden, G van der, 1994. A preliminary review of the Megachilidae of Turkey, Part IV. Megachilini and Lithurgini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Turkish Journal of Entomology 18: 157 - 174" title="A preliminary review of the Megachilidae of Turkey, Part IV. Megachilini and Lithurgini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." volume="18" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4216B77182EF5FC787DEEDDE47B37BAB" originalValue="Özbek">Oezbek</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Zanden (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further cite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C59880627ED235195F521095CDF0D96E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. metatarsalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="metatarsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0070EF86D7A3622D7E78530A30D72B40" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. metatarsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Morawitz, 1894 from Turkey; this species is unknown to me. The status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="080C8060C513E198CCE666BFB0FB159B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. fulvescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="fulvescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AAB242B47DCC4A1ED2F4B5316028510" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. fulvescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1853 from Sicily is unclear; it is unlikely to represent a species distinct from those listed above; its description ("the pollen brush is of golden hue towards the base, becoming bright fulvous at the apex") suggests
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C80A2510D9212CA2F26E0EF224426E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maritima">
|
||
<emphasis id="C83D3849CD4BE103C0C1880044406DBA" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maritima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similarly, the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="136B0853A245216E0BBCBBEAEB0F5E97" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maacki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maacki">
|
||
<emphasis id="A01AB4A788606541DC82A3E8843C7F25" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maacki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Radoszkowski, 1874 remains in doubt;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D4320BA5A373BE47C8FED04668E6D0E" author="Scheuchl, E" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B82" refString="Scheuchl, E, 2006. Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wildbienen Deutschlands und Oesterreichs. Band II: Megachilidae - Melittidae. Second, revised edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark" title="Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wildbienen Deutschlands und Oesterreichs. Band II: Megachilidae - Melittidae. Second, revised edition." year="2006">Scheuchl (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provides a description of the male and the female and differentiates this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2395489988CA44999F1FE0667CAAB843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="226828775338227DE262DC61293BDF08" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, no lectotype has been designated. Of the possible syntypes that I could examine (ISZP), one male agrees with the original description and does not appear specifically distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFE5BED5F50D8564E071831722EEDA61" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F9185008EC32734287FA37EFD7C222" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Possibly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A17D30352D94741B700EFC264ED5438E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maacki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maacki">
|
||
<emphasis id="4284AB074DD0E36EEDF9BDB1573765E7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. maacki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents an Eastern Palearctic, geographic form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA269865606A4517688FB7EE46AD6C31" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1DB90D227F0560B589360711C9961B4" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8BFE15EBD02BB21A29839B8755DDB96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Xanthosarus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Xanthosarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA7F6C63AFAA5AA239B020733F1C09B6" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xanthosarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears particularly diverse in the mountains of Central Asia and in Mongolia, where several additional species occur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2B76958F5E62A6C457B6D58C9828730" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="19DE9C2B102AF693B6E2335D4825AD45" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1BC3DBB5DC7DC554FE8EA864E2F67442" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Most species of the sugbenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB2320C08C0EC0A6CEF4E6275480812E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Xanthosarus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Xanthosarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00EDF885720566E46A31C8B0C8D74C9F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xanthosarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
place their brood cells made of cut leaves in underground burrows or more rarely under stones; the females appear
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="EDF949890D45B815E9F830A536885E32" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||
dig the burrows themselves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3A45ABDD9DC529EF13AFF7F9992862C" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer, Stuttgart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B98" refString="Westrich, P, 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart" title="Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs." year="1989">Westrich 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references therein;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="20D83058466A4C0D83AAF875970A00BD" author="Hartmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="349 - 364" refId="B37" refString="Hartmann, P, Arens, W, 1998. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie und Verbreitung der Megachile diabolica Friese 1898 mit Erstbeschreibung des Maennchens. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 30: 349 - 364" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie und Verbreitung der Megachile diabolica Friese 1898 mit Erstbeschreibung des Maennchens." volume="30" year="1998">Hartmann and Arens 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FAECF40337DB4DF8F15D45D4C2B961" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1870" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E2E2A682182B3685592B05B2903E4F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Megachile nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
digs burrows only in decaying wood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80300C0BF48289DDDF1F8695D61E61A2" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer, Stuttgart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B98" refString="Westrich, P, 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart" title="Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs." year="1989">Westrich 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D019C890DBC35ACCE883E15E9EEF103" author="Dubitzky, A" journalOrPublisher="Die Neue Brehm Buecherei, Ziemsen, Wittenberg" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="41 - 43" refId="B14" refString="Dubitzky, A, 2000. Das Nistverhalten der Blattschneiderbiene Megachile nigriventris. In: Beitraege der Hymenopterologen-Tagung in Stuttgart.: 41 - 43" title="Das Nistverhalten der Blattschneiderbiene Megachile nigriventris" volumeTitle="Beitraege der Hymenopterologen-Tagung in Stuttgart." year="2000">Dubitzky 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C35F432149770DE012791D456CB305E" author="Reichholf, JH" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der zoologischen Gesellschaft braunau" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="199 - 201" refId="B79" refString="Reichholf, JH, 2002. Ein ungewoehnlicher Nistplatz der Schwarzbaeuchigen Blattschneiderbiene Megachile nigriventris am unteren Inn. Mitteilungen der zoologischen Gesellschaft braunau 8: 199 - 201" title="Ein ungewoehnlicher Nistplatz der Schwarzbaeuchigen Blattschneiderbiene Megachile nigriventris am unteren Inn." volume="8" year="2002">Reichholf 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B124B4D60415E48A5500F12C75587FF" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. willughbiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="willughbiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="98FD0561D5A184FD1F4D09CBBA641D0C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. willughbiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
either digs burrows in decaying wood or uses existing cavities such as vacant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C87752F37383C8E4440A1CBEBE70ACE" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD296604BAEE54AD263C40274041313A" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Anthophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="704CD6DF6E9D06A42C2FFB2E6284A875" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer, Stuttgart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B98" refString="Westrich, P, 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart" title="Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs." year="1989">Westrich 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references therein;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E6E871E37872CC908D83E5820CFA4AC6" author="Mueller, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B63" refString="Mueller, A, Amiet, F, Krebs, A, 1997. Bienen. Mitteleuropaeische Gattungen, Lebensweise, Beobachtung. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg" title="Bienen. Mitteleuropaeische Gattungen, Lebensweise, Beobachtung." year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E8C5D0C46BDCD60CBE6CB844B5E03DFE" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D18F6EDDAD80677DF1C92D929306F245" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile analis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="analis">
|
||
<emphasis id="485FF11980E45D81DA5813E14A676B37" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Megachile analis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual in that it uses thin bark fragments and not leaves for the construction of the cells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="47CE006A835177ACDD791B5C41D6E422" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer, Stuttgart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B98" refString="Westrich, P, 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart" title="Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs." year="1989">Westrich 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references therein); leaf discs are also used by this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD783F263720436BA5C5BBD469F4F4BA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9BBD1FCAC417E711208018B0DA99284" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1870" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="5E54A6EF6FF7EEDFF5F1B5ECE9AFF617" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Megachile nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely oligolectic on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F148906FB86B93F55EE4DCC38B6B178B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2DF2C437C4B1B0D195ADB237A775FE3A" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer, Stuttgart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B98" refString="Westrich, P, 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart" title="Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs." year="1989">Westrich 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D804947767D7AD91E173664667E9986" author="Mueller, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B63" refString="Mueller, A, Amiet, F, Krebs, A, 1997. Bienen. Mitteleuropaeische Gattungen, Lebensweise, Beobachtung. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg" title="Bienen. Mitteleuropaeische Gattungen, Lebensweise, Beobachtung." year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3D697D534000690371C30320B7D3042" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="272AFDD5189936D800B91650754EC7BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. diabolica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="diabolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AEEFA1956EF51B98461C5EA4B08778" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. diabolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possibly on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AF3D99B3EB0551554A1523C902F0D8F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0037E923E400AD01A4B8338D622D4808" author="Hartmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="349 - 364" refId="B37" refString="Hartmann, P, Arens, W, 1998. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie und Verbreitung der Megachile diabolica Friese 1898 mit Erstbeschreibung des Maennchens. Linzer Biologische Beitraege 30: 349 - 364" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie und Verbreitung der Megachile diabolica Friese 1898 mit Erstbeschreibung des Maennchens." volume="30" year="1998">Hartmann and Arens 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BACB60347702448A8040815383E099BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. analis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="analis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4A682E7BD4EE9F543E4A45312E624C8" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. analis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90C14607991812AC0A67BD993242EE37" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. willughbiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="willughbiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="9611F356116F9E0D1E5C80136D022F77" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. willughbiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are polylectic but show a preference for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAF39214E1440BF5573159C40353B2C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="894645BE747EE9A0BD3CB358F794E3DE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BF7C26E61C2ACB1309BB12DB4134C66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Epilobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilobium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">
|
||
<emphasis id="70EB82230DF5260BB1795F03F592FE1B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Epilobium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F8D2EED498B13972A103584CA9E5767" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. willughbiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="willughbiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC5BFC149E07C6118847DE64F8ED907E" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. willughbiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3C27CA59A157537598F6E52B82FCC07" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer, Stuttgart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B98" refString="Westrich, P, 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart" title="Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs." year="1989">Westrich 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="717265CF222C1E7A011488DE3E035E52" author="Mueller, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B63" refString="Mueller, A, Amiet, F, Krebs, A, 1997. Bienen. Mitteleuropaeische Gattungen, Lebensweise, Beobachtung. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg" title="Bienen. Mitteleuropaeische Gattungen, Lebensweise, Beobachtung." year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4702C4DEA2561BA0497E089AA6D19D94" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="A92A3FB6BCD28F34FC981415291A2C9F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5DBA5EA1D6F19244A6A6EA3DB04FBEB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">Megachile</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6E7C0D099081FD9F1838F20746AED4B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile lagopoda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lagopoda">Megachile lagopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC904981DC05120D793A5FC760FAFACB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="maritima">M. maritima</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are likely polylectic with a preference for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6360B306F958596794BF54A36B5F1B25" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD59898A246B039A8078D4E5242C275B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |