185 lines
20 KiB
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185 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9A1B5008DD530057237DF1EAABCBB696">Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3B331930C63EF5854AEBAF75BF87A6D8">Herrera Léon Baert Wouter Dekoninck, Henri W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="63228CF65D0E531E9CE50CDBF184E9EE">Causton, Charlotte E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8CA2C68021E2FEB8E971FEBC3CEA6EB">Sevilla, Christian R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0992E7497271935781CD9BDA9C56DF15">Pozo, Paola</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F2E0BAA283FBF9C14DAE0755CA9F0AF">Hendrickx, Frederik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DE5D0A836C89D8EE0B752E5FBAA146C5">Belgian Journal of Entomology</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EC87963E6BFFF254C53287FD70FDFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13291148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13291148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87963E6BFFF254C53287FD70FDFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87963E6BFFF254C53287FD70FDFB" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E6BFFF154C53287FD4AF964" box="[247,752,1682,1709]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6BFFF154C53287FD4AF964" blockId="25.[247,754,1682,1815]" box="[247,752,1682,1709]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6BFFF154C53287FD4AF964" ID-CoL="4FYFS" authority="(Fabricius, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[247,752,1682,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6BFFF154C53287FD4AF964" bold="true" box="[247,752,1682,1709]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6BFFF154C53287FDB5F965" bold="true" box="[247,527,1682,1709]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pheidole megacephala</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1793)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E6BFFF154C532A3FD48F8DE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6BFFF154C532A3FDE9F918" blockId="25.[247,754,1682,1815]" box="[247,595,1718,1744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pantropical Big–Headed Ant</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6BFFF154C532CCFE44F93B" blockId="25.[247,754,1682,1815]" box="[247,510,1753,1779]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6BFFF1553232CCFE4CF93B" author="DEYRUP M. & DAVIS L. & COVER S." box="[256,502,1753,1779]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="293 - 326" refId="ref21831" refString="DEYRUP M., DAVIS L. & COVER S., 2000. - Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 126: 293 - 326." type="journal article" year="2000">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6BFFF1553232CCFEDFF93A" baselines="1772,1773" box="[256,357,1753,1779]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Deyrup" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">DEYRUP</smallCapsWord>
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6BFFF1555E32CFFE0AF93B" box="[364,432,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.,</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6BFFF154C532E9FD48F8DE" blockId="25.[247,754,1682,1815]" box="[247,754,1788,1815]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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(ANTWEB: ICCDRS0003685). (
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<figureCitation id="137E2A053E6BFFF156BB32E9FD50F8DE" box="[649,746,1788,1814]" captionStart="Map 24" captionStartId="27.[247,293,1004,1025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1382,182,979]" captionTargetId="figure-31@27.[247,1386,178,983]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Map 24. Distribution of Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius, 1793)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710387/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Map 24</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E6BFFF254C53339FD70FDFB" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6BFFF254C53339FD70FDFB" blockId="25.[247,1386,1836,1933]" lastBlockId="26.[247,1386,186,563]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Distributed in tropical and subtropical areas (
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, 2015),
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6BFFF157CC3338FB05F88E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1022,1215,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6BFFF157CC3338FB05F88E" box="[1022,1215,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. megacephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an invasive species and is considered a threat to the native fauna in many parts of the world (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6BFFF1509D335AFADFF8A1" author="PERKINS R. C. L." box="[1199,1381,1871,1897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 227" refId="ref24693" refString="PERKINS R. C. L., 1913. - Introduction. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 1 (6): 1 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6BFFF1509D335AFAADF8A0" baselines="1890,1891" box="[1199,1303,1871,1897]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Perkins" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">PERKINS</smallCapsWord>
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||
, 1913
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6BFFF154C53366FDEDF844" author="VANDERWOUDE C. & BRUYN L. A. & DE HOUSE A. P." box="[247,599,1906,1933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="253 - 259" refId="ref25778" refString="VANDERWOUDE C., BRUYN L. A. & DE HOUSE A. P., 2000. - Response of an open - forest ant community to invasion by the introduced ant, Pheidole megacephala. Austral Ecology, 25: 253 - 259." type="journal article" year="2000">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6BFFF154C53366FE02F843" baselines="1926,1926" box="[247,440,1907,1933]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Vanderwoude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">VANDERWOUDE</smallCapsWord>
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||
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6BFFF155F13366FDB1F844" box="[451,523,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2000
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6BFFF156553366FCA2F844" author="BASKIN Y." box="[615,792,1906,1933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref20667" refString="BASKIN Y., 2002. - A plague of rats and rubber vines. Island Press, Washington, 377 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6BFFF156553366FD7FF843" baselines="1926,1926" box="[615,709,1907,1933]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Baskin" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">BASKIN</smallCapsWord>
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||
, 2002
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6BFFF1571A3366FB8CF844" author="HOLWAY D. A. & LACH L. & SUAREZ A. V. & TSUTSUI N. D. & CASE T. J." box="[808,1078,1906,1933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="181 - 233" refId="ref22748" refString="HOLWAY D. A., LACH L., SUAREZ A. V., TSUTSUI N. D. & CASE T. J., 2002. - The causes and consequences of ant invasions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33: 181 - 233." type="journal article" year="2002">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6BFFF1571A3366FC2DF843" baselines="1926,1926" box="[808,919,1907,1933]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Holway" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">HOLWAY</smallCapsWord>
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6BFFF157903366FC50F844" box="[930,1002,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6BFFF150743366FB71F843" baselines="1926,1926" box="[1094,1227,1907,1933]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Wetterer" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">WETTERER</smallCapsWord>
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&
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6BFFF150C83367FADBF843" baselines="1925,1926" box="[1274,1377,1906,1932]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="O'Hara" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O’HARA</smallCapsWord>
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, 2002;
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E68FFF2557A34AEFE76FF1B" baselines="206,206" box="[328,460,187,213]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Wetterer" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">WETTERER</smallCapsWord>
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||
, 2015). In Galápagos the first specimens were collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F35276103E68FFF250F034AFFEFBFF3F" name="San Cristobal Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">San Cristóbal Island</collectingCountry>
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in 2006 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E68FFF2558734C8FD04FF3F" author="HERRERA H. W. & SEVILLA C. R. & DEKONINCK W." box="[437,702,221,247]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="234 - 243" refId="ref22563" refString="HERRERA H. W., SEVILLA C. R. & DEKONINCK W., 2013. - Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new invasive ant in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan - Pacific Entomologist, 89 (4): 234 - 243." type="journal article" year="2013">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E68FFF2558734C8FD90FF3E" baselines="240,241" box="[437,554,221,247]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Herrera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">HERRERA</smallCapsWord>
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF2560334CBFDCFFF3F" box="[561,629,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2013
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Currently it is present in the dry areas on three islands: it is widespread in urban zones in Puerto Ayora (Santa Cruz), Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (
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||
<collectingCountry id="F35276103E68FFF251093515FED2FEF5" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
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||
) and Puerto Villamil (Isabela).
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E68FFF256EE3536FC54FEF5" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[732,1006,291,317]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
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||
<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF256EE3536FC54FEF5" box="[732,1006,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pheidole megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is a pest in houses in
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<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E68FFF250D83536FAD3FEF5" box="[1258,1385,291,317]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
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and can invade gardens where it is known to forage and hide under grass (
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E68FFF250953552FEE2FE4C" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zoysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="matrella" variety="pacifica">
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||
<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF250953552FA8AFEA8" box="[1191,1328,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Z. matrella</emphasis>
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||
var.
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF254C5357FFEE2FE4C" box="[247,344,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">pacifica</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), visit flowers of
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF25602357FFD43FE4B" box="[560,761,362,387]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E68FFF25602357FFD30FE4B" box="[560,650,362,387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosa">H. rosa</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E68FFF256A8357FFD43FE4B" box="[666,761,362,387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Citrullus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">sinensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and attend Homoptera species on introduced plants (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E68FFF255093598FE0EFE6E" box="[315,436,397,423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Catharanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roseus">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF255093598FE0EFE6E" box="[315,436,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. roseus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
). Although the impact of
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E68FFF257233598FC60FE6F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[785,986,397,423]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
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||
<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF257233598FC60FE6F" box="[785,986,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. megacephala</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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has not yet been evaluated in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E68FFF254C535A5FEC3FE02" box="[247,377,432,458]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
, similar problems to those recorded on other Pacific Islands can be expected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E68FFF254CD35C6FE67FE25" author="WETTERER J. K." box="[255,477,467,494]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="437 - 456" refId="ref26340" refString="WETTERER J. K., 2007. - Biology and impacts of Pacific Island invasive species. 3. The African big - headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pacific Science, 61 (4): 437 - 456." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E68FFF254CD35C6FE3CFE24" baselines="486,487" box="[255,390,467,493]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Wetterer" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">WETTERER</smallCapsWord>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E68FFF255C335C1FCABFE25" author="HERRERA H. W. & SEVILLA C. R. & DEKONINCK W." box="[497,785,467,494]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="234 - 243" refId="ref22563" refString="HERRERA H. W., SEVILLA C. R. & DEKONINCK W., 2013. - Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new invasive ant in the Galapagos Islands. The Pan - Pacific Entomologist, 89 (4): 234 - 243." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E68FFF255C335C1FDDFFE24" baselines="487,487" box="[497,613,468,494]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Herrera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">HERRERA</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF2564635C1FD7AFE25" box="[628,704,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35276103E68FFF257E735C6FB83FE25" box="[981,1081,467,493]" name="Ecuador" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E68FFF250CC35C6FE22FDD8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA923E68FFF250CC35C6FE22FDD8" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pheidole megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in Guayaquil, the main port for cargo boats that travel to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E68FFF254C5360CFECCFDFB" box="[247,374,537,563]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Herrera unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |