465 lines
50 KiB
XML
465 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="2ED4E978EF912970D64E129B64930928" ID-CLB-Dataset="33169" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ce630af-e5f5-40a9-a8c6-28703b9eb715" ID-PMC="PMC5523163" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-670-1" ID-PubMed="28769657" ID-ZooBank="F7D32D6458574749961F2F0898A6F8AF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-670-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 670" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" checkinTime="1493118663711" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jesovnik, Ana & Schultz, Ted R." docDate="2017" docId="70990E5480E94FA89A6D94CADF567BD8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 670: 1-109" docOrigin="ZooKeys 670" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839" docTitle="Sericomyrmex opacus Mayr 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="AC7ABD6B050644469B1C882148683619" masterDocTitle="Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1701385013477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="69BACB0480E26195035938D695010CB7">
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<mods:title id="1D807E8E98090DE45190C66D9AE0C705">Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F2047E47A44C55B20C521EAD42E1C321">Jesovnik, Ana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D521798FFFEC3BBA89975DB4CBD17C3">Schultz, Ted R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CFFC7DC9B226B3426B49E6A8BBD814FE">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="22EB793E5C399599CAA3EEFF5B57273F">
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<mods:date id="41BB95C8FED4A166A47F6FC18CC745F9">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="32B3D5553315BB5DE7485D0FE3E84B6C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="07F056A52A5943EAA116141BCC0AD9DF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8DFF7D1AC1D1F339D0D408BA997EA517" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="70990E5480E94FA89A6D94CADF567BD8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128697206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70990E5480E94FA89A6D94CADF567BD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/70990E5480E94FA89A6D94CADF567BD8" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="2ED70B9C8F5444FA4617B13D6ED9D3D4" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6A7F3C9234FF7D060E5C020F1657B8DE" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="A187A1AE102A6BF99BC61115B0492040" ID-CoL="6YJSN" authority="Mayr, 1865" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex opacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">Sericomyrmex opacus Mayr, 1865</taxonomicName>
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Figures 43, 44(Worker); Figure 45(Queen and male); Figure 46(Larva); Figure 47 (Map)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="52E85F520815165A6A14414FA7557B87" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="678A759DADA15ADC936538C294913AC5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="EE411692492204D4D8A012AA7427D654" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex opacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">
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<pageBreakToken id="AC2D33AB927815B9291F030DD5A9369B" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">Sericomyrmex</pageBreakToken>
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opacus
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</taxonomicName>
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Mayr, 1865: 84.
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<taxonomicName id="1EEABD1EC1B093F9D831944CD7067EAF" family="Formicidae" genus="Lectotype" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lectotype worker" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="worker">Lectotype worker</taxonomicName>
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(here designated): (
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<normalizedToken id="84BC501645FB202483220D2D46C07430" originalValue="“Brazil”">"Brazil"</normalizedToken>
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)* MEXICO, Veracruz,
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<normalizedToken id="29A2CC01C53A720644A5AA51FB846FCC" originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
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, [18.8808, -96.9272], E. Norton (NHMW: 1w, CASENT0915956) Paralectotypes: Same data as lectotype: (NHMW: 1w, CASENT0915955) (USNM: 1w, USNM00924096).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1FF896D7A406500C1C9EC91B43F3A499" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="FA663D745384CA4062445B835DBE985C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex aztecus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aztecus">Sericomyrmex aztecus</taxonomicName>
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= Forel, 1885: 363. syn. n. Type material examined: MEXICO, Veracruz, Orizaba, [18.85, -97.08], A. Forel (MSNG: 1w, CASENT0904987) (MHNG: 1w, CASENT0909368) (NHMW: 1w, USNMENT00924097).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B2CD8013C36C2C378B994BE84020C1C" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="18556737755AED9A4D7CFD7A66ACB1C3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex diego" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diego">Sericomyrmex diego</taxonomicName>
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= Forel, 1912: 192. syn. n. Type material examined: COLOMBIA, Magdalena, Don Diego, [11.23, -73.7], A. Forel (USNM: 1w, USNMENT00529165; 2w, USNMENT00921744) (BMNH: 2w, CASENT0901678) (MSNG: 2w, CASENT0904988; 1m, USNMENT00924098) (MHNG: 3w, CASENT0909369).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F676E4F728A69A36E3CA70839BBD2A6" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="B19ED6388954A6C480044F7A8E85AEE7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex zacapanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zacapanus">Sericomyrmex zacapanus</taxonomicName>
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= Wheeler, 1925a: 54. syn. n. Type material examined: GUATEMALA, Zacapa, [14.9722, -89.5306], 15 Dec 1911, W. M. Wheeler, (MCZ: 3w, USNMENT00924099; 2w, USNMENT00924100; 3w, USNMENT00924101) *For a discussion of the type locality of
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<taxonomicName id="3E2304391089317650077A00E52D5C3D" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. opacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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see the notes section.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A5B18E441B95D014864B6E86DDAEAB7" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="s. opacus worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="08B2699B39601213B51E55759790C203" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="5884B094406BA69431D19AC93C8BD38F" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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worker diagnosis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8AA9D56DA81D37E12346986C64D07677" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Small species; mandible smooth, glossy; posterior cephalic corner smoothly rounded; frontal lobe rectangular; eye small, often with at least partial white layer; mesosomal tubercles low, reduced; first gastral tergite with lateral carinae weakly developed, dorsal carinae absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="082DDCB95A676D1915E0EE564AF79630" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E1873BD5B60D663DF7BCD35FCF2F0D6D" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="2F88FDB2026C1E642264112A12E9747B" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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worker description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6884082271F283F0F1BF47B413B75FDB" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Measurements in mm, range (lectotype): HWe 0.8-1 (0.93) HW 0.8-1 (0.95) HW1 0.78-1 (0.84) HW2 0.88-1.13 (0.96) HW3 0.54-0.74 (0.62) IFW1 0.54-0.73 (0.64) IFW2 0.16-0.28 (0.24) HL1 0.82-1 (0.9) HL2 0.6-0.9 (0.82) SL 0.58-1.08 (0.62) EL 0.12-0.18 (0.15) Om 6-10 (8) WL 0.99-1.3 (1.23) PL 0.2-0.33 (0.21) PPL 0.15-0.25 (0.18) GL 0.78-1 (0.87) HFL 0.68-1.02 (0.93) PW 0.50-0.72 (0.63) CI 95-106 (103) FLI 62-78 (69) SI 65-78 (67) OI 13-19 (16) CEI 5-19 (9) [N=68]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="48900E5E528F453766CC99DC53BF0602" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pilosity. Pubescence dense, often lighter than integument, appressed to decumbent. Hairs curved, darker in color at base, yellow to gray, appressed to suberect, mostly decumbent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CCEC0D451BD5BFBFD838F8FB0151F79F" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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Head. In full-face view almost equally broad and long (CI=100
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<normalizedToken id="4D3357DDC07208231E55332AF68B4575" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3), posterior corner smoothly rounded, posterior cephalic emargination relatively shallow (CEI=9
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<normalizedToken id="6D6223240C3E09195B7FE02877C9DE63" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2), gradually impressed. Vertexal impression and frontal tumuli faint. Mandibles with 7-8 teeth, dorsally smooth and glossy, finely transversely striate only along masticatory margin. Eye medium-sized (OI =16
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<normalizedToken id="953EC8DE3583B621E396935562D1E50B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1), flat to slightly convex, 6-10 ommatidia across largest diameter, with (Figure 43a, 44d) or without (Figure 43b) thin white layer. Frontal lobe wide (FLI=70
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<normalizedToken id="C6BCE9881EB1FD4F8A5541980270EBD3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3), rarely triangular, mostly rectangular to trapeziform, posterior margin as long, or almost as long, as medial. Frontal carina usually incomplete, fading before reaching posterior cephalic corner. Antennal scape relatively short, never reaching posterior cephalic corner (SI=71
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<normalizedToken id="E0D39F3520B5485746A68FF8B6D271A9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F76F6EA7C529D370C1D36657803724A9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Mesosoma. Mesosomal tubercles small, low and obtuse. Propodeal carinae low and feeble, sometimes serrate, sometimes reduced to just posterodorsal denticles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC97FC2AC0A7A0FA4B11D823A6E7D23D" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Metasoma. Petiole with two low, reduced denticles; postpetiole with two faint, short carina dorsally. First gastral tergite with lateral carinae weakly developed, dorsal carinae absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E34E40E8DCBFDB6B8354D8FCDC780F0" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6156B4CE7791E8B2BB425245767354CE" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="787BD0B4672491D81DAD92439408AFF2" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="opacus">
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<pageBreakToken id="82F6DA841AC7C4B20B2B47A9D2D6850E" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="start">S</pageBreakToken>
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. opacus
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</taxonomicName>
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queen description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E40274F7F17CE6E89E02FD03C86346B" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Measurements in mm, range: HWe 1.02-1.16 HW 1.05-1.20 HW1 1.10-1.25 HW2 1.20-1.30 HW3 0.72-0.85 IFW1 0.76-0.85 IFW2 0.24-0.33 HL1 1.09-1.12 HL2 0.98-1.00 SL 0.74-0.78 EL 0.20-0.24 Om 15-17 EW 0.08-0.10 WL 1.58-1.80 PL 0.34-0.48 PPL 0.24-0.28 GL 1.50-1.64 HFL 0.99-1.28 PW 0.90-0.96 FWg 4.85-5.17 HWg 3.60-3.64 CI 93-106 FLI 71-76 SI 64-73 OI 18-22 [N=6]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="69DA5E152A720172A4A9297D4CE65612" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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Head. Mandible with 7-8 teeth, dorsally glossy and smooth, finely transversely striate only along masticatory margin. Preocular carina fading posterior to eye, 1-3
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<pageBreakToken id="22A851F0563FCFC92F5373014118DE79" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" start="start">isolated</pageBreakToken>
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, short, thin, supraocular carinae sometimes present, never reaching posterior cephalic corner. Eye large (OI=20
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<normalizedToken id="CEDD59E48DB302F19B44D640FDD42B18" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1), convex, 15-17 ommatidia across largest diameter. Frontal lobe as in worker, antennal scape not reaching posterior cephalic corner.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3ED67BB7A6B8EE170944B9AFC65C1B56" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Mesosoma. Lateral pronotal tubercles low and obtuse. Scutum in dorsal view with notauli and median mesoscutal line reduced, parapsidal lines thin. Scutellum small and short, with posterior notch shallow to absent and with median impression sometimes separating scutellum in two lateral halves. Propodeal carinae low, each with low posterodorsal denticle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="850E98728E1F80512A74B0269A660473" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Metasoma. Petiole with two dorsal and two lateral low and obtuse denticles, best seen in frontodorsal view. Postpetiole with two short, low carinae dorsally and two low denticles laterally. First gastral tergite with lateral carinae well developed, dorsal carinae absent, anteromedian groove visible.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="921940EE0D0E012AF107C2B651C4FB0F" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2CACC32B614325A941A9E623D95965E4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="808B7EB74BFD0DE1B3ACE1CE7BD09ACF" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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male description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3213F82F77F64F5EC27F8BD54120DA" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Measurements in mm, range: HWe 0.66-0.74 HW 0.46-0.58 IFW1 0.20-0.27 IFW2 0.13-0.18 HL1 0.53-0.61 SL 0.49-0.62 EL 0.22-0.28 Om 19-28 EW 0.09-0.14 WL 1.20-1.44 PL 0.27-0.38 PPL 0.16-0.22 GL 0.96-1.12 HFL 1.20-1.50 PW 0.50-0.80 IOD 0.36-0.50 FWg 3.48-4.10 HWg 2.20-2.84 CI 115-125 FLI 30-38 SI 71-88 OI 29-39 [N=7]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11C564F67D05A81483670FB8B5E989D7" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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Head in full-face view longer than broad (CI=121
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<normalizedToken id="04D32DB4EEDF07403410D7992BCF77CD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4). Eye large (OI=34
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<normalizedToken id="372F4F8E17A2AF5CDF3FC368D51E4D01" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3), convex, 19-28 ommatidia across largest diameter. Preocular carina fading posterior to
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<pageBreakToken id="64C3BC76956D229D0377D330EC0DB886" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" start="start">eye</pageBreakToken>
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, medially curved before fading. Notauli and mesoscutal line faint, parapsidal lines thin, groove between axillae smooth, sometimes weakly transversely costate. Propodeum without denticles or carinae. Petiole and postpetiole with lateral denticles very reduced, dorsal denticles absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9F7B165366C0C53BE583524236BF6279" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0C7E2B44D55433439509C1E8BD92A1FB" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="F1E20855823951E670B2CD127A2D30DC" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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larva description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F23C566166667DF1705F05C806CA93E" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Approximately eight setae on each side of dorsal and lateral body surfaces (i.e., approximately 16 total). Supra-antennal setae absent. Four genal setae on each side. Mandibular apical tooth undivided. Labial denticles not visible. First thoracic segment ventrally with multiple multidentate spinules, arranged in trans
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<pageBreakToken id="1725473040A44A6DCE716505430C07B6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" start="start">verse</pageBreakToken>
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rows. Numbers of ventral hairs: six on each thoracic segment, eight on the abdomen (not including anal setae). Single pair of sensilliform setae anterior to anal opening.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="406BF0EACB908DCEB2DD659C11D841EE" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="s. opacus geographic range">
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<paragraph id="0CEF963F1F18F2F6E1EC5FB20B4BFB4B" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="6A428861338ED18AAD936ABBC78C042F" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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geographic range.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2458503C624C139426218E6D3CDD443" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Brazil, Central America, Colombia, Mexico. Map: Figure 47.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="78CF5820F941B7F76A2749C98E89AE32" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="s. opacus notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9FB40B10203A6CA39ACE25FBA7CF2BF" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37DD629D624FB5D896503AC61C676DD2" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
notes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="02B2D4B2EE830463867BB3E17ECB15DA" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The species most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0438B6E3B7D5C6D69162CFA799013CAC" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B523F6663D534B706E650B17FB4A720" lsidName="S. parvulus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="parvulus">S. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3FB852B9321FCB612D3E241D5CCAD53" lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, in Central America, smooth-mandibled populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B7AD501D309B3CA675F17F675CF755F" lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C8B3C2E991796BFC19D387B7922C69C" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCAC353357F81623CBACE82D2AFFE8EE" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their completely striate mandibles, triangular frontal lobes, and larger size. The distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C18038CAD8590D32EF8BD3D1FDE6E920" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and smooth-mandibled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ECA06A862797B9577DE88157058F2DB" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="amabilis">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="648720DC1501D9F8EE60DD739B628AC4" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="start">amabilis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less obvious, but the frontal lobes, head shape, and size are still good indicators. An ameliorating factor for this difficulty is that, when sympatric,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF3504CFAFF64068FDEA41C0A5C87F46" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38EE895256F7D4A667747AAA2D683335" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very distinct; we have not encountered the smooth-mandibled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C1E8BBFA2F18A4631F4591C5D736E46" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
variant sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52F7F8A6A0F413B66A54A4D34258A5FE" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which might indicate character displacement. The queen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47F823EC989EF7EE41C95C70EA548C85" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be separated from that of the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49A805CA70589C47D97F1D18BCF661D6" lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size, smooth mandibles (striate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49012847A4DE212D1BE5CB1240CF115E" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and usually less conspicuous notauli on the scutum. The main characters separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B196DEDD675DC09053FD873FDF3CDB" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44B7871316606DCD72CEE2993A152F6E" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina saramama" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="saramama">saramama</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the shape of the frontal lobes (triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECDAB2A1B02634D2223CCD1FB3B0DA0E" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina saramama" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="saramama">saramama</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the white layer over the eyes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6E720DB76BD15A1A8618F58752F8D08" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina saramama" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="saramama">saramama</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17812F9C1610A68147902502157DA2FE" lsidName="S. saramama" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="saramama">S. saramama</taxonomicName>
|
||
queen can easily be separated from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED4554E84C0EC2DEDD98DC2514647575" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
queen by its striate mandibles (smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3FDC3B24CC545FB822E506B57D4A4F7" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03853713DF01730FE2F6C8B0C7B1D324" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C85DCA7C524DD664D950365C932A33E8" lsidName="S. parvulus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="parvulus">S. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BECD681FDA003F698783F81680DED420" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having smaller, narrower, triangular frontal lobes; smaller overall size; and shorter frontal carinae, often fading well before reaching the posterior cephalic corners. Separating non-typical representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1369EACEB9B40FED3376B32A74BF8A2" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may also have reduced frontal lobes, from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B69DFD7D84E45AAFD22330144C5E039" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult. Also, it is very difficult to separate queens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47F0840753E384A2588B83825184832C" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F467F55E17B1764D5443DA7C6F0FF389" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDCEE15A920A3E026F3E036253F37D27" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
queen is slightly smaller and lacks the faint supraocular carinae; however, these carinae are absent in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DD6E37436B41CCDDE1DB436F870EEAC" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
queens as well. The region of overlap of the known distributions of these two species is limited, so geographic origin can aid in species identification (Figure 47).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="093728C7F0546D2F61C34368042C8B8C" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CE2B9912243F4E34EAF2E7E3E14C4C0" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically variable across its geographic range. This variation is correlated with patterns in the molecular phylogeny (Suppl. material 1) as well as with geography. The three main subspecific geographical and molecular subclades, all
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B8F1AE6D2F2AF197C6B66B2EB62BE83A" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" start="start">reciprocally</pageBreakToken>
|
||
monophyletic, are: Central American (population
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE5FF9F9DB495ED77DEC07A3598FF04" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
1), North Colombian (population
|
||
<taxonomicName id="384A49DF4330D94491110359DEAF49A2" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
2), and South Colombian and West Brazilian (population
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDCD1364E306D5C4EAD9781308873D27" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
3). The most pronounced variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1701956473F9B51D5AA32DBF3FA3088" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the shape of the frontal lobes and in the eyes. The typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BB22F7B1E8C0B1593502FF012ACF3F7" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has rectangular frontal lobes and the eyes covered with a thin white layer. In populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AA6F4C61A715C5BEBBE9F5CAA5B4577" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 there are occasional, rare individuals with smaller, almost triangular lobes and eyes lacking the white layer. These rare, odd specimens are also smaller in size, so these atypical character states could be correlated with size (e.g., in nanitic workers). The specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22FE15E2324707EA34CB79253F139DA8" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 populations, from Northern Colombia, are fairly uniform, typical representatives of the species. This uniformity, however, may be an artifact of our small sample size (20 individuals). Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA598C4BD2A242B7E512B0C469BD8C4" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 specimens were collected in pitfall traps, so no nest series were available for evaluating within-nest variation. The specimens from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17BACA255EDC99B51FB4429957E9F1A0" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
3 population all have eyes lacking the white layer and the frontal lobes are often (but not always) more triangular than rectangular. The number of samples available from this population is also low (19 specimens examined compared to 97 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A33811F8915CF5ABF973125BABB12DF7" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
1) and there are a few specimens from this population that are morphologically typical, including individuals with rectangular frontal lobes. The principal component analysis of the morphological data for just these three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="424DBC094354DA8148B82CCC5717256E" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations (Figure 5f) shows no separation of the three populations along the two main axes. With regard to the high degree of morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3A6B99E978CF9BEABEEF832C7657195" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one possibility well worth considering is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D65E36FE26CCD3267B2B18D56233B7" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A3472A6EA9D43F45ACC7C997F0B27A" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which are similar in size and which overlap in distribution in the area where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30CC2923904C549AC71D2F5E1D40FEF8" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
3 occurs) can hybridize (Figure 47). If so, then the specimens that are difficult to identify as either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0390119AC151F24B7432D891D3C373C7" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E54575D56EC8756B48D3221AC3BBA54" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6670DEB5E336479F012589376BF67560" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="300816845C1B2E284856C8C9FFF95489" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
hybrids. Separate PCA analysis of only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADB2E68A34F335AC2F591F7513710C6" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="001505E1EF41CC3FBA5F2D7219BED1EC" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates a large amount of overlap (Figure 5b) along the two main axes. The data currently available are insufficient for recognizing the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="211E546B950832CBBF8CD5DC3AF07D30" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
subclades as species and we believe that the observed pattern (especially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7748AA8B35BF718D324DB2B14AC6CA8" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
3) is likely an artifact of our low sample sizes. It is entirely possible that further sampling, especially of whole-nest series, might reveal that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6573EC7E3E8059ADFE8D1F075D870FCE" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually consists of multiple species and/or that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF82E0C449A10359119781F9076E2DA3" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
hybridizes with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2E2CFD682881FBCE7CB267F54ECFA571" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina parvulus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0875A4166598A6E900F1CC116D67D9BF" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E272C38D642DEE5C186896829559D3AA" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
type locality. The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA71CAAA6343556AE2A5E2F39DCB2E2D" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by G. L. Mayr in 1865, which is also the original description of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F640D907F45F9E7C263C18D85190F2BF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lists
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8505D1FEEFE2C2186BD47965DFD9090" originalValue="“Brasilien”">"Brasilien"</normalizedToken>
|
||
as the type locality. Based on the route of the Novara-Expedition, which is the expedition from which
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F970FF0EB93F1F11B7E3D8383ADB36D0" originalValue="Mayr’s">Mayr's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens supposedly originated, the Brazilian type locality is most likely Rio de Janiero (Mayr, 1865). However, the locality labels of the type specimens (CASENT0915955, CASENT0915956, USNMENT00924096) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57F633ECD8E7E9636578084C2D12A68B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex opacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">Sericomyrmex opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we studied indicate "Mexico, Cordoba," and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B548897617B94B3187DFCEF6C5E2DE31" originalValue="“Norton”">"Norton"</normalizedToken>
|
||
as the collector. The labels look original when compared to the labels of other Mayr type specimens, both in terms of handwriting and in resemblance to the labels of other specimens collected by Norton. Indeed, Mayr described other species based on specimens collected by E. Norton in Mexico, so he clearly had access to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="98186E3A0A80EE417910E089CD6C46EF" originalValue="Norton’s">Norton's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mexican material. Importantly, the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB5262DD8ED13C2A1BFEDD50D9890236" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is identical to the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DFE4C0A16298DB12AC1CFF7EF2ED46" lsidName="S. aztecus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="aztecus">S. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a Mexican species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3265E09765BA0A1628CAE2EFC3269386" author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="316 - 380" title="Etudes myrmecologiques en 1884 avec une description des organes sensoriels des antennes." volume="20" year="1885">Forel (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which in turn is identical to numerous specimens collected in Mexico and elsewhere in Central America.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00CB1E802D02DCD2D2CC3BA2D64150F7" lsidName="S. aztecus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="aztecus">S. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the name most
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F69C0898B64FE429F17CE2C063EBAF27" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="start">commonly</pageBreakToken>
|
||
applied to such specimens. Given these facts, the most likely explanation is that the locality of the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE2AEA3CF059CA72E0FF5BD478B1D37C" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BF2BCB1C449E66F37958044093CDD193" originalValue="“Brasilien”">"Brasilien"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) given in the original description is incorrect and that the locality labels affixed to the syntype specimens are correct. The alternative explanation is that the published locality is instead correct, the specimen labels are incorrect, and that the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83AF1EF1D26657DB3777E01CE258D2E3" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
originated in Brazil. We judge this alternative to be highly unlikely, because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5142F1F80AC8798E033D6A3016B8608" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(under which we have synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE2737C1F0637C0C2143C591DC4004BF" lsidName="S. aztecus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="aztecus">S. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D56008DCDCEE47334AD7775D610716C" lsidName="S. diego" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="diego">S. diego</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A61BC6593F8A5F0D8F4BBF79470F5C6E" lsidName="S. zacapanus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="zacapanus">S. zacapanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) does not occur anywhere near Rio de Janeiro (Figure 47).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5323E7B61FCC1DDE97CDA45DE2ECB687" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="synonymies">
|
||
<paragraph id="B0A6255F285151977B81CF2F4BDB23E6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Synonymies.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B5BCD8C648E2D074EE3F0C7BEEF63C1" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB0A7EE22E7B88E380E45D36D0B16D53" lsidName="S. aztecus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="aztecus">S. aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AC133EDFF2AD8D33988CAEE970A0CB9" lsidName="S. diego" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="diego">S. diego</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E895D22EA605E565A669598B3FEE0065" lsidName="S. zacapanus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="zacapanus">S. zacapanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
all possess typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42DD6BF46690A2129781743C56AC5048" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology, including the rectangular frontal lobes. In his description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E7FC058F27CB60B8938FAB3E5FF5D23" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina zacapanus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="zacapanus">zacapanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6909D5AAC1FE44DD73E3555A294D094" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Wheeler (1925a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that it is smaller in size than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19AD9DEF324AFD87452031AAE0AD5F72" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina diego" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="diego">diego</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but our measurement data indicate that the cited difference is very small (Suppl. material 2: Table S2a) and falls entirely within the size variation of the species. In his description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44CE6EEF1D62C0CDB5832FCA7EAF9A04" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina aztecus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="aztecus">aztecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA8D4748E348FAD592280E13195DD731" author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="179 - 209" title="Formicides neotropiques. Part II. 3 me sous-famille Myrmicinae Lep. (Attini, Dacetii, Cryptocerini)." volume="19" year="1912">Forel (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates that it has a relatively smooth petiole, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="845EB3AC985C6E510B46F7F60C05CDEC" genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal denticles are present. Variation in petiolar and postpetiolar carinae and denticles is not diagnostic for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B056AE2FAC2EBE328C998C227149A67F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and those characters often vary within a single colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49DB47BF9D77057322FCC965BFD13A1F" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D51C6FB8A6A64E903634A68B105D3D0" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD99CDC3F3B4D834D5C11F7ED9A1552" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
material examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB8F0C67552803AFB3A86D204CAA7F17" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
BRAZIL: Amazonas:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C784773434E5394BC3441310CAF8C6D" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Gabriel de Cachoeira (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C4E44D4017B3A2D48A48FCA4A6B029D6" originalValue="Uapés">Uapes</normalizedToken>
|
||
), [-0.1237, -67.0476], 120m, 23 Aug 1992, T. R. Schultz;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E72B3A9A5D74E202DA49B245C2263068" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Ilha do Bufalo, km 0.5, -9.2656, -64.2125, 90m, 19 Jan 2014, I. O. Fernandes; Jaci MD, km 3, -9.2656, -64.2125, 94m, 22 Jan 2014, I. O. Fernandes;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8501E8E453DFDB7230A65AB996DEDBD0" originalValue="Jaci-Paraná">Jaci-Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, km 2, -9.2656, -64.2125, 94m, 6 Jun 2012, I. O. Fernandes; Novo Modulo,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8786CB00C291D605FEF5E19A51E81F4A" originalValue="Jaci-Paraná">Jaci-Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, km4, -9.4630, -64.3911, 122m, 24 Jan 2014, I. O. Fernandes; COLOMBIA: Amazonas: PNN Amacayacu Matamata, -3.6833, -70.25, 150m, 20 May 2000, A. Parente; PNN Amacayacu, -3.8103, -70.2662, 88m, 7 Oct 2007, J. Sosa-Calvo, J. Rodriguez;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="07F12350929A06D5FC2A4BCD745E7ABE" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
|
||
: PNN Los Colorados, Villa Roca, 9.9, -75.1166, 180m, 26 May 2001, E. Deulufeut; PNN Los Colorados, La Yaya, 9.9, -75.1166, 280m, 21 Jul 2001, E. Deulufeut; PNN Los Colorados, Alto el Mirador, 9.9, -75.1166, 400m, 11 Apr 2001, E. Deulufeut; PNN Los Colorados, Venado, 9.9, -75.1166, 320m, 1 Jan 2001, E. Deulufeut; Putumayo: PNN La Paya
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E58912AC453006052E876F4BBC389381" originalValue="Cabaña">Cabana</normalizedToken>
|
||
Chagra, -0.1166, -74.9333, 320m, 1 May 2002, R. Cobete; PNN La Paya
|
||
<normalizedToken id="01DB8132B0DD57B3A05E5D41201CC1BF" originalValue="Cabaña">Cabana</normalizedToken>
|
||
La Paya Chagra, -0.0333, -75.2, 330m, 26 Feb 2002, R. Cobete; PNN La Paya
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C3421FCAE365A15F888DF9CA7390381" originalValue="Cabaña">Cabana</normalizedToken>
|
||
La Paya, -0.0333, -75.2, 330m, 2 Jul 2002, R. Cobete; PNN La Paya
|
||
<normalizedToken id="856A12C09D1329B06FAFAAF2261E065D" originalValue="Cabaña">Cabana</normalizedToken>
|
||
Viviano, -0.1166, -74.9333, 320m, 26 May 2002, A. Morales; PNN La Paya
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A4D6D849EB514CBADB4D25DA299D38C7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Caucaya, -0.1166, -74.9333, 330m, 15 Oct 2001, R. Cobete; COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Canas, Finca Pacifica, [10.42, -85.10], 16 Jul 1986, S. B. Peck; Hacienda La Pacifica, nr. Canas, 10.24, -83.80, 50m, 1 May 1979, P. S. Ward; PN Santa Rosa, [10.8378, -85.7051], 14 Jun 1995, U. G. Mueller; Puntarenas: Osa Peninsula, Corcovado, Sirena Station, Pavo trail, [8.51, -83.60], 2 Jun 1992, T. R. Schultz; ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: 10 km S Atacames, [0.7755, -79.8462], 205m, 7 Nov 1987, C.R.F.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87A4B8DD060E36A0C77FE69998B01408" originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, C.D. Bastidas; Los
|
||
<normalizedToken id="335EB5855E71F4AAD88B4840D65C0FD9" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B4BAA3366AF594CCED38B8286C9EF09E" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Palenque Research Station, [-0.583, -79.367], 20 Dec 1980, S. Sandoval; GUATEMALA: Retalhuleu: El Asintal, 14.6524, -91.73901, 670m, 30 Jul 2013, K. Delgado; Nuevo San Carlos, 14.6388, -91.72193, 585m, 9 Nov 2008, K. Delgado; HONDURAS:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3B224E2CE351790BAE59CD4895F614B" originalValue="Copán">Copan</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15D987690C3BFE30DC5FF735D65F09E9" originalValue="Copán">Copan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ruinas, 14.8379, -89.1428, 629m, 4 Jan 2008, C. Rabeling; Francisco
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17FBC071775CC5CA8C831F51753793BF" originalValue="Morazán">Morazan</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Esc.
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BCF4DC9A6AA9B6ED49E41AF8BF235EC0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" start="start">Zamorano</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 14.0134, -87.0076
|
||
<normalizedToken id="07FD11223D8CE0C085A13D54284B4C22" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
25m, 800m, 19 May 2009, J. T. Longino; MEXICO: Chiapas: 8km SE Salto de Agua, 17.5143, -92.2949
|
||
<normalizedToken id="67FF0DC4BF3EFF32BEA15FFFF1D056E6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
200m, 70m, 16 Jun 2008, M. G. Branstetter; San Luis
|
||
<normalizedToken id="03C50B4398C3B7A8FEED517DB1CBA175" originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Cuesta de los Cedros, 36 km E of Ciudad del
|
||
<normalizedToken id="816833920734E0D882208B9D8C1D0786" originalValue="Maíz">Maiz</normalizedToken>
|
||
, [22.3889, -99.2515], 685m, 12 Jun 1962; Veracruz: Ocotal Chico, [18.2588, -94.8619], 579m, 26 Jun 1963, G. N. Ross; NICARAGUA: Masaya: Masatepe, vic. San Marcos, Cafetal San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B640C1FE91D92D91247CEC6D1F8B5A80" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Llano, 11.917, -86.25, 485m, 23 Jun 1992, T. R. Schultz;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="591F28572114DBCBD11C0C3FD6D13C77" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Juan:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EAC51E01EBD887DE2AEF5609DCB0FFD7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Juan, Isla de Diamante, [10.9794, -84.3415], 9 Oct 1994, J. P. Caldwell;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ED9CD9F5E49B74D6A97943337C0BFCA9" originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C5BFF88F8ECFDAF2A2555BBFF5020C86" originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Gamboa, PN
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA36CE5A65E30D44F879DBDF100E1E24" originalValue="Soberanía">Soberania</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Pipeline Rd. Km 6, 9.08, -79.66, 24 Apr 1996, T. R. Schultz, U. G. Mueller; San Lorenzo Forest R1, 9.2833, -79.9666, 30 Dec 2004, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, B. Corbara, H. Aberlenc, M. Leponce;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D08428A73EC187726A451FE6F8281190" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 9.15, -79.84, 1 Nov 1941, J. Zetek; El Llano-Carti Suitupo Rd, ca. 6km ex El Llano, [9.22, -78.97], 27 Apr 1996, T. R. Schultz, U. G. Mueller, S. Rehner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3060D36017011C8A00DC044D5A9FB7D3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="9413CC791EA9266FDFF00AD12B8E2BB0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Figure 43.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4D84899F88C4232444655B7FF291BA0" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers; head, lateral profile, and dorsal view. Comparison of two conspecific individuals, one with the white layer over the eyes (USNMENT01125124) (a, c, e); and one without the white layer (USNMENT01125118) (b, d, f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F9D7E07E3468242A1C990E70240EAB56" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="85EB749936594807C8031C0DAC5DA7E6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Figure 44.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84AF6A219C276A9F67192EA91D48648A" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker (USNMENT01125331), SEM images. a Head, full-face view b mandibles c mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view d eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="733567AA7E84239CD433D8D00D0478CD" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="60F0325E4CCB26212C9BF34826E9692E" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Figure 45.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F120CD9FCF3C66D5ED7AB1C24229391" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
queen and male; head, lateral profile, and dorsal view. Queen (USNMENT00305214) (a, c, e) Male (USNMENT01125314) (b, d, f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3336F28A5CC93D4088334D77D56A8D11" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="7AF693B1972AB8BB26845BDE6902C812" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Figure 46.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66EEE90077AC65A69A891F5ACEDFFF8D" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva (USNMENT01125317), SEM images. a Lateral view b ventral view c head, frontolateral view d head and thorax, frontolateral view e mouthparts f anal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="B52C351503382CB0744FA26CABA14F42" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A79D87136EEF3037EAC5D7DB3AC7B2F" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Figure 47. Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87F266121D5B616076D6127D3D5D8592" lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7877636DDBAB177C762B2D2FDDCC99B" lsidName="S. parvulus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="parvulus">S. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |