538 lines
76 KiB
XML
538 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="D392F8CB1441B1693F3DD5E0DA67A5F5" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. & Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A339962B57D7FCD9FDBF9E6E" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Magnolia hansnooteboomii Wheeler & Manchester & Baas 2023, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1728052592909" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1A0F766DAED0FC03BAF87FB70DDFF0AB">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58320959C3FCDEC174F727F96C9D5462">Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="698C77C3484ECD38B74A469567DB9A69">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0B13434A2176D1209D4598E0142AA57C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0002F1CD9091F62BCF7D94A0DDAD000D">Baas, Pieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BA0F4731E175C979B195531BE9960290">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DED85DCF3960E91F2231AD7B6A39363C">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="493DE3F82CD1470DFA7853D2C1694813">
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<mods:date id="BDD5EE881A4DC88EE8221F5200D50D29">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AE50005148983FE956DCFC73EE45D9AD">2023-11-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4851A907EFCBD5388C8B7F5AC6CE480C">14</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="C949483F4ABF0530D469EFFD7698B936">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457</mods:url>
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<treatment id="038AF505A339962B57D7FCD9FDBF9E6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AF505A339962B57D7FCD9FDBF9E6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AF505A339962B57D7FCD9FDBF9E6E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A339962757D7FCD9FA52987B" box="[940,1414,793,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A339962757D7FCD9FA52987B" blockId="6.[940,1414,690,861]" box="[940,1414,793,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0D4F37FA339962757D7FCD9FA52987B" allCaps="true" box="[940,1414,793,821]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A339962757D7FCD9FAF8987A" authority="Wheeler & Manchester & Baas, 2023" authorityName="Wheeler & Manchester & Baas" authorityYear="2023" box="[940,1324,793,821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hansnooteboomii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A339962757D7FCD9FAF8987A" box="[940,1324,793,821]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">MAGNOLIA HANSNOOTEBOOMII</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264257AA33996275149FCDCFA52987B" box="[1330,1414,796,820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A33996275149FCDCFA98987B" box="[1330,1356,796,820]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
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. NOV.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A33996275026FC83FB079812" box="[1117,1235,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A33996275026FC83FB079812" blockId="6.[940,1414,690,861]" box="[1117,1235,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<figureCitation id="13185896A33996275026FC83FB079812" box="[1117,1235,835,861]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FIG. 4A–G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A3399627571BFCB6FB849FBF" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFCB6FAB29F2B" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A3399627571BFCB6FBD098DF" bold="true" box="[864,1028,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis—</emphasis>
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Wood diffuse-porous. Vessels solitary and in radial multiples; vessels very narrow to narrow. Perforation plates exclusively scalariform with fewer than 20 bars; intervessel pits predominantly scalariform. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits horizontally elongate. Fine helical thickenings present throughout the body of each vessel element. Thin-walled tyloses present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFBACFB859FC8" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" box="[864,1105,1132,1159]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fibers non-septate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFB50FB699FE5" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" box="[864,1213,1168,1194]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Axial parenchyma marginal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFB73FB849FBF" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Rays mostly 3–4 cells wide, uniseriate rays rare. Oil/ mucilage cells absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A3399627571BFB39FC0F9E78" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFB39FC0F9E78" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B4E4EA3399627571BFB39FC0F9E78" collectionCode="UF" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A3399627571BFB39FC2D9E5C" bold="true" box="[864,1017,1273,1299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A3399627571BFB39FC0D9E5C" box="[864,985,1273,1299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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—
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A33996275783FB3AFBCF9E5B" box="[1016,1051,1274,1300]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
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278-84871, estimated maximum diameter
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<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A339962757DBFADDFC0F9E78" box="[928,987,1309,1335]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A3399627571BFA80FBEB9EEF" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFA80FBEB9EEF" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A3399627571BFA80FBDA9E15" bold="true" box="[864,1038,1344,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Etymology—</emphasis>
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In recognition of the late Hans Peter Nooteboom (1934–2022) and his many years of study of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A339962757F5FA46FBEF9EEF" box="[910,1083,1414,1440]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A339962B571BFA69FDBF9E6E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFA69FAA69EA9" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A3399627571BFA69FBCF9E8C" bold="true" box="[864,1051,1449,1475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Description—</emphasis>
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Growth rings present, marked by radially narrow fibers and marginal parenchyma.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BFA30FBA29C25" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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Wood diffuse-porous; vessels solitary and predominantly in radial multiples of 2–4 (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A339962750ACF9D3FAE79D62" box="[1239,1331,1555,1581]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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); mean tangential diameter 45 (9) µm, 28–68 µm; 75–100 per mm
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<superScript id="7C56E95BA339962751A4F9F6FA3E9D06" attach="left" box="[1503,1514,1590,1609]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
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. Perforation plates exclusively scalariform with 4–11–17 bars (n=23) (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A339962757A5F9BCFBBE9DD8" box="[990,1130,1660,1687]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4B, C, F</figureCitation>
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); intervessel pits predominantly scalariform (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A339962757A4F960FBEA9DF5" box="[991,1086,1696,1722]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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). Vessel-ray parenchyma pits horizontally elongate and throughout the ray (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A33996275130F903FA729D92" box="[1355,1446,1731,1757]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
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). Fine helical thickenings present throughout the body of the vessel element (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A3399627507DF8C9FBA99C6C" box="[1030,1149,1801,1827]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
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). Vessel element lengths average 609 (92) µm, range 407–746 (n=24). Thin-walled tyloses present (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A33996275077F890FBBD9C25" box="[1036,1129,1872,1898]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3399627571BF8B3FB859CC2" blockId="6.[832,1526,886,1933]" box="[864,1105,1907,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fibers non-septate.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5C149BA33896265414F8CDFF689CED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913336/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[111,182,1805,1827]" targetBox="[189,1442,191,1778]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A33896265414F8CDFF689CED" blockId="7.[111,1515,1805,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A33896265414F8CDFF1B9C6C" bold="true" box="[111,207,1805,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A338962654AEF8CEFEB69C6C" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1821" box="[213,354,1806,1827]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33896265511F8CEFDF29C6D" box="[362,550,1805,1829]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Taxodioxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33896265511F8CEFE399C6A" box="[362,493,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Taxodioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3389626566EF8CDFDF29C6D" bold="true" box="[533,550,1805,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3389626565EF8CDFDBE9C6C" bold="true" box="[549,618,1805,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">, C, E–I</emphasis>
|
||
. UF 278-84886.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33896265769F8CEFCEA9C6C" bold="true" box="[786,830,1806,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">B, D</emphasis>
|
||
. UF 278-84889.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3389626579DF8CDFBC29C6C" bold="true" box="[998,1046,1805,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||
Narrow latewood zone, axial parenchyma diffuse and in short tangential lines, TS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33896265590F8E7FE2B9C72" bold="true" box="[491,511,1831,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Latewood with compression wood, TS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A338962657E8F8E7FC689C73" bold="true" box="[915,956,1831,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
. Uniseriate rays, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A338962650E0F8E7FB7C9C73" bold="true" box="[1179,1192,1831,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
|
||
. End walls of axial parenchyma smooth, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33896265483F880FED99C19" bold="true" box="[248,269,1856,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Circular bordered pits on radial walls of longitudinal tracheids, occasionally biseriate; most rays homocellular composed of ray parenchyma, bottom ray with top marginal row possibly composed of ray tracheids (RT) RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33896265011F89AFB549C20" bold="true" box="[1130,1152,1882,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Ray composed of ray parenchyma, horizontal and end walls smooth, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33896265581F8B3FDD69CC7" bold="true" box="[506,514,1907,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Taxodioid cross-field pits, RLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, B; 100 µm in C, D, E, G; 50 µm in F, H; 20 µm in I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA33796295414FAFFFC9A9E8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" startId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" targetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A33796295414FAFFFC9A9E8E" blockId="8.[111,1510,1343,1474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33796295414FAFFFF1B9E18" bold="true" box="[111,207,1343,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figure 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A337962954A1FAFFFEA49E18" box="[218,368,1343,1367]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33796295502FAFFFD159E19" authority=", UF" authorityName="UF" box="[377,705,1343,1367]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hansnooteboomii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33796295502FAFFFD4C9E18" box="[377,664,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Magnolia hansnooteboomii</emphasis>
|
||
, UF
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
278-84871.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33796295731FAFFFC8F9E18" bold="true" box="[842,859,1343,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3379629549EFA9AFEC19E3E" bold="true" box="[229,277,1369,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">B, C.</emphasis>
|
||
Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3379629513FFA9AFA829E3D" bold="true" box="[1348,1366,1370,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33796295509FAB4FE559EC3" bold="true" box="[370,385,1396,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33796295145FAB4FAB19EC3" bold="true" box="[1342,1381,1396,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">F, G</emphasis>
|
||
. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A337962954EBFA33FE399D42" blockId="8.[112,800,1523,1936]" box="[144,493,1523,1549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Axial parenchyma marginal.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A337962954EBF9D7FCD99DD5" blockId="8.[112,800,1523,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Rays mostly 3–4 cells wide, uniseriate rays not common (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13185896A337962954CDF9F9FEFC9D1C" box="[182,296,1593,1619]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[111,186,1343,1367]" captionTargetBox="[147,1484,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[147,1484,189,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F,G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913338/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Weakly heterocellular. Average multiseriate ray height 583 (212) µm, range 271–1243 µm; 5–8 per mm. Oil/mucilage cells and crystals not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A337962854EBF963FEE19AC2" blockId="8.[112,800,1523,1936]" lastBlockId="9.[112,800,195,1948]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A337962954EBF963FDBD9DF2" bold="true" box="[144,617,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Comparisons with extant woods—</emphasis>
|
||
Affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3379629540BF906FF309DAD" box="[112,228,1734,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3379629540BF906FF309DAD" box="[112,228,1734,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indicated by this combination of features: diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings (1p, 5p), vessels solitary and in radial multiples but without a distinctly patterned arrangement (6a, 7a, 8a, 9a), exclusively scalariform perforation plates with less than 20 bars (13a, 14p, 18a), scalariform intervessel pitting (20p), vessel-ray parenchyma horizontally elongate and with reduced borders (30a), helical thickenings throughout the body of the vessel element (36p, 37p), non-septate fibers (66p), marginal parenchyma (89p), rays not markedly heterocellular (108a, 109a), and oil/mucilage cells in rays absent (124a), although many tropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33796295107F963FC4D9DAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33796295107F963FA249DF0" box="[1404,1520,1699,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have oil/mucilage cells. In addition to the descriptions provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A3379629506DF929FA869C4B" author="Metcalfe, C. R. & L. Chalk" box="[1046,1362,1769,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref37662" refString="Metcalfe, C. R. and L. Chalk. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. 2 vols. Clarendon Press, Oxford, U. K., 1500 pp." type="book" year="1950">Metcalfe and Chalk (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A337962951F2F929FC439C68" author="Metcalfe, C. R." pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref37621" refString="Metcalfe, C. R. 1987. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Vol. III. Magnoliales, Illiciales, and Laurales (sensu Armen Takhtajan). 2 nd Edition. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 224 pp." type="book" year="1987">Metcalfe (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3379629501DF8CCFAC59C69" box="[1126,1297,1804,1830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods have been presented in publications devoted to the family:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A337962951D5F8F0FC439C22" author="Stark, E. W." pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref39609" refString="Stark, E. W. 1954. Wood anatomy of the Magnoliaceae indigenous to the United States. Station Bulletin. Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station No. 607. 20 pp." type="book" year="1954">Stark (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A337962957DCF893FBA79C22" author="Canright, J. E." box="[935,1139,1875,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="119 - 149" refId="ref33347" refString="Canright, J. E. 1955. The comparative morphology and relationships of the Magnoliaceae. IV. Wood and nodal anatomy. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 36: 119 - 149. [http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 43790865]." type="journal article" year="1955">Canright (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A337962950F8F893FAB79C22" author="Chen, B. L. & P. Baas & E. A. Wheeler & S. M. Wu" box="[1155,1379,1875,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="391 - 412" refId="ref33805" refString="Chen, B. L., P. Baas, E. A. Wheeler and S. M. Wu. 1993. Wood anatomy of trees and shrubs from China. VI. Magnoliaceae. IAWA Journal 14: 391 - 412. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000594]." type="journal article" year="1993">Chen et al (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as well as in wood anatomical atlases:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A337962950E5F8B6FAEA9CDE" author="Kribs, D. A." box="[1182,1342,1910,1937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref36473" refString="Kribs, D. A. 1968. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Dover Publications, New York. 241 pp." type="book" year="1968">Kribs (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33796285131F8B6FEE59B92" author="Detienne, P. & P. Jacquet" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref34233" refString="Detienne, P. and P. Jacquet. 1983. Atlas d'identification des Bois de l'amazonie et des Regions Voisenes. Centre technique forestier tropical, Nogent-sur-Marnes. 640 pp." type="book" year="1983">Détienne and Jacquet (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285539FF03FDE69B92" author="Sosef, M. S. M. & L. T. Hong & S. Prawirohatmodjo" box="[322,562,195,221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref39473" refString="Sosef, M. S. M., L. T. Hong and S. Prawirohatmodjo (eds.). 1998. Plant Resources of South-East Asia. No. 5 (3). Timber Trees: Lesser-known Timbers. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 859 pp." type="book" year="1998">Sosef et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285639FF03FEE59A4E" author="Carreras, R. & R. DeChamps" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33484" refString="Carreras, R. and R. DeChamps. 1995. Anatomia de lat madera de 157 especies forestales que crecen en Cuba y sus usos tecnologicos, historicos y culturales. I. El Texto. Musee Royal de L' Afrique centrale Tervuren, Belgique. Documentation Sciences Econonomiques 9.1 - 120." type="book" year="1995">Carreras and Dechamps (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A3369628553BFF27FDB49A4E" author="Lemmens, R. H. M. J. & I. Soerianegara & W. C. Wong" box="[320,608,230,257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref36589" refString="Lemmens, R. H. M. J., I. Soerianegara and W. C. Wong (eds.). 1995. Plant resources of South-east Asia. No. 5 (2). Timber Trees: Minor Commercial Timbers. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. 655 pp." type="book" year="1995">Lemmens et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285615FF26FF139A6B" author="Carreras, R. & A. Cuza & L. R. Gonzalez & J. Teruel" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33448" refString="Carreras, R., A. Cuza, L. R. Gonzalez, and J. Teruel. 2012. Arboles y Maderas de Baracoa, Cuba. Publicitat Tafanet. 111 pp." type="book" year="2012">Carreras et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962854ADFEC9FDC69A6B" author="Aguilar-Alcantara, M. & S. Aguilar-Rodriguez & T. Terrazas" box="[214,530,265,292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="69 - 86" refId="ref32209" refString="Aguilar-Alcantara, M., S. Aguilar-Rodriguez and T. Terrazas. 2014. Anatomia de la madera de doce especies de un bosque mesofilo de montana de Tamaulipas, Mexico. Madera y Bosques 20 (3): 69 - 86." type="journal article" year="2014">Aguilar-Alcantara (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A3369628565AFEC9FCCE9A6B" author="Sonsin, J. A. & P. Gasson & S. R. Machado & C. Caum & C. R. Marcati" box="[545,794,265,292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref39423" refString="Sonsin, J. A., P. Gasson, S. R. Machado, C. Caum and C. R. Marcati. 2014. Atlas da diversidade de madeiras do cerrado paulista. Fundacao de Estudos e Pesquisas Agricolas e Florestais. 423 pp." type="book" year="2014">Sonsin et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A3369628540BFEEDFEDD9A08" author="Eom & Young Geun" box="[112,265,300,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref34612" refString="Eom, Young Geun. 2015. Wood Anatomy of Korean Species. Media Wood, Ltd. Seoul, Korea. c. 700 pp." type="book" year="2015">Eom (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285530FEECFDF39A08" author="Itoh, T. B. & Pan, P. & Baas, J. & Luo, D. & Li, Y. & Cui, F. & Wang & M. Mertz & Y. Yasumoto" box="[331,551,300,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref36047" refString="Itoh, T. B. Pan, P. Baas, J. Luo, D. Li, Y. Cui, F. Wang. M. Mertz and Y. Yasumoto. 2022. Anatomical Atlas and Database of Chinese Woods. Kaiseisha Press. 2679 pp." type="book" year="2022">Itoh et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Data from most of these publications are in the InsideWood database and were consulted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A336962854EBFE56FEAF9F02" blockId="9.[112,800,195,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The wood anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962855DEFE56FDCD9AFD" box="[421,537,406,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962855DEFE56FDCD9AFD" box="[421,537,406,434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the broad modern sense of the genus as well as in its earlier, more narrow circumscription is diverse with variation in these features: perforation plates simple and/or scalariform; intervessel pits opposite and/or scalariform; helical vessel wall thickenings present or absent; rays ranging from narrow (1―2-seriate) to medium width (2―5)-seriate, and secretory cells (oil/mucilage cells) present or absent. The full range of this diversity was described in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285573FD13FE3999A2" author="Chen, B. L. & P. Baas & E. A. Wheeler & S. M. Wu" box="[264,493,723,749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="391 - 412" refId="ref33805" refString="Chen, B. L., P. Baas, E. A. Wheeler and S. M. Wu. 1993. Wood anatomy of trees and shrubs from China. VI. Magnoliaceae. IAWA Journal 14: 391 - 412. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000594]." type="journal article" year="1993">Chen et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628562FFD13FD2B99A2" box="[596,767,723,749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A3369628540BFD36FF63985F" box="[112,183,758,784]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
—
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962854AEFD35FF28985E" box="[213,252,757,785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">the</emphasis>
|
||
center of diversity of the family.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962856E7FD36FF13987B" author="Chen, B. L. & P. Baas & E. A. Wheeler & S. M. Wu" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="391 - 412" refId="ref33805" refString="Chen, B. L., P. Baas, E. A. Wheeler and S. M. Wu. 1993. Wood anatomy of trees and shrubs from China. VI. Magnoliaceae. IAWA Journal 14: 391 - 412. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000594]." type="journal article" year="1993">Chen et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a dichotomous key to the genera that were recognized at the time and this fossil from Dietz Hill keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628557FFC9EFEB89835" authorityName="F. A. Roemer" authorityYear="1852" box="[260,364,862,890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Michelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628557FFC9EFEB89835" box="[260,364,862,890]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Michelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A3369628550FFCA0FE529835" box="[372,390,864,890]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753) with 25 species studied, all now subsumed into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962855E8FC43FDD398D0" box="[403,519,899,927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962855E8FC43FDD398D0" box="[403,519,899,927]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of those species, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628540BFC66FD97988F" authority="Maxim. (1872)" authorityName="Maxim." authorityYear="1872" box="[112,579,934,960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628540BFC66FEA3988F" box="[112,375,934,960]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia compressa</emphasis>
|
||
Maxim. (1872)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was returned in the search of InsideWood. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285640FC09FCF498AB" author="Chen, B. L. & P. Baas & E. A. Wheeler & S. M. Wu" box="[571,800,969,996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="391 - 412" refId="ref33805" refString="Chen, B. L., P. Baas, E. A. Wheeler and S. M. Wu. 1993. Wood anatomy of trees and shrubs from China. VI. Magnoliaceae. IAWA Journal 14: 391 - 412. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000594]." type="journal article" year="1993">Chen et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that the old paraphyletic genera could mostly be recognized by their wood anatomy, they also showed considerable overlap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A336962854EBFB96FEB39EC5" blockId="9.[112,800,195,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Different authors estimate different numbers of genera and species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285529FBB9FDD49FDC" box="[338,512,1145,1171]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285671FBB9FF139FF8" author="Figlar, R. B. & P. Nooteboom" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="87 - 100" refId="ref34749" refString="Figlar, R. B. andH. P. Nooteboom. 2004. NotesonMagnoliaceae. IV. Blumea 49: 87 - 100. [https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651904 X 486214]." type="journal article" year="2004">Figlar and Nooteboom (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A3369628557EFB5DFE399FF8" author="Wang, Y-B & R. B. Figlar & J. Wen" box="[261,493,1180,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="5" refId="ref40468" refString="Wang, Y-B, B-B Liu, Z-L Nie, H-F Chen, F-J Chen, R. B. Figlar and J. Wen. 2020. Major clades and revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequence via genome skimming. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58 (5): 673 - 69. [https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12588]." type="journal article" year="2020">Wang et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognize only two genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962854BFFB00FEBB9F95" box="[196,367,1216,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962855FFFB7EFDF09F95" box="[388,548,1214,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Liriodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962855FFFB7EFDF09F95" box="[388,548,1214,1242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Liriodendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A33696285655FB7FFD969F95" box="[558,578,1215,1242]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
.,1753,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962856E0FB00FCDB9F93" box="[667,783,1216,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962856E0FB00FCDB9F93" box="[667,783,1216,1244]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962854C7FB23FE519FB2" author="Xia, N. H. & H. P. Nooteboom" box="[188,389,1251,1277]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref41542" refString="Xia, N. H., Y-H Liu and H. P. Nooteboom. 2008. Magnoliaceae. Pp. 48 - 91 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, and D. Y. Hong (eds.). Flora of China 7. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press." type="book" year="2008">Xia et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962855B9FB23FD6F9FB2" author="Sima, Y. K. & S. G. Lu" box="[450,699,1251,1277]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref39345" refString="Sima, Y. K. and S. G. Lu. 2012. A new system for the family Magnoliaceae. Pp. 55 - 71 in N. H. Xia. Q. W. Zeng, F. X. Xu and Q. G. Wu (eds.). Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Family Magnoliaceae. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press." type="proceedings paper" year="2012">Sima and Lu (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
divided
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628540BFAC6FF319E6D" box="[112,229,1286,1314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628540BFAC6FF319E6D" box="[112,229,1286,1314]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into 16 genera. Estimates of the number of species vary:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285568FAE9FE169E0C" author="Stevens, P. F." box="[275,450,1321,1347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref39642" refString="Stevens, P. F. 2001 - onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Available at: http: // www. mobot. org / MOBOT / research / APweb /." type="url" year="2001">Stevens (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
‒onwards) ca. 225 species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628540BFA8DFF3F9E26" box="[112,235,1357,1385]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628540BFA8DFF309E26" box="[112,228,1357,1385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Magnolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the Flora of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A336962855FDFA8CFE1A9E29" box="[390,462,1356,1382]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
ca. 300 species;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962856E0FA8CFF139EC5" author="Mabberley" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref36991" refString="Mabberley D. J. 2017. Mabberley's Plant-book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, Their Classification and Uses. 4 th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1102 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mabberley (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
221 species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A336962854EBFA53FBD29AFF" blockId="9.[112,800,195,1948]" lastBlockId="9.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Only 60 extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628552FFA53FDF89EE2" box="[340,556,1427,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628552FFA53FE1C9EE0" box="[340,456,1427,1455]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are represented in InsideWood by descriptions and/or images. Six match the combination of features of the fossil: the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628569AFA1AFE2A9D58" authority="Maxim. (1872)" authorityName="Maxim." authorityYear="1872" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628569AFA1AFEEC9D59" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia compressa</emphasis>
|
||
Maxim. (1872)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285676FA3BFF139D75" authority="(Oliv.) Hu (1924)" authorityName="Hu" authorityYear="1924" baseAuthorityName="Oliv." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fordiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285676FA3BFD499D58" box="[525,669,1531,1559]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. fordiana</emphasis>
|
||
(Oliv.) Hu (1924)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962854A8F9DEFD169D75" authority="Figlar and Noot. (2004)" authorityName="Figlar and Noot." authorityYear="2004" box="[211,706,1566,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kwangsiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962854A8F9DEFE439D73" box="[211,407,1566,1596]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. kwangsiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Figlar and Noot. (2004)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285778F9DEFEA09D11" authority="Koch (1853)" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1853" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285778F9DEFF009D12" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. sieboldii</emphasis>
|
||
Koch (1853)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628560FF984FCF49D12" box="[628,800,1603,1629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628560FF984FCF49D12" box="[628,800,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A3369628540BF9A7FF569DCE" box="[112,130,1639,1665]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1759) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285551F9A5FE1B9DCD" box="[298,463,1637,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285551F9A5FE1B9DCD" box="[298,463,1637,1666]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A336962855A2F9A7FE3F9DCE" box="[473,491,1639,1665]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753). No Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628540BF94AFE9C9DEC" box="[112,328,1673,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628540BF94AFF309DE9" box="[112,228,1674,1702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
match
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A336962855D2F94AFE189DEB" box="[425,460,1674,1700]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84871's features. Not all of the aforementioned species have been included in phylogenetic analyses.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962855ECF910FCCE9DA5" author="Figlar, R. B. & P. Nooteboom" box="[407,794,1744,1770]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="87 - 100" refId="ref34749" refString="Figlar, R. B. andH. P. Nooteboom. 2004. NotesonMagnoliaceae. IV. Blumea 49: 87 - 100. [https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651904 X 486214]." type="journal article" year="2004">Figlar and Nooteboom (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as did
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962854B1F933FE6B9C42" author="Wang, Y-B & R. B. Figlar & J. Wen" box="[202,447,1779,1805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="5" refId="ref40468" refString="Wang, Y-B, B-B Liu, Z-L Nie, H-F Chen, F-J Chen, R. B. Figlar and J. Wen. 2020. Major clades and revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequence via genome skimming. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58 (5): 673 - 69. [https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12588]." type="journal article" year="2020">Wang et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285654F934FD319C42" box="[559,741,1779,1805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285654F934FD319C42" box="[559,741,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628540BF8D5FEC19C7D" box="[112,277,1813,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628540BF8D5FEC19C7D" box="[112,277,1813,1842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962855BBF8D6FD269C7D" authority="sect. Magnolia" box="[448,754,1814,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Magnolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962855BBF8D6FDE09C7D" box="[448,564,1814,1842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285605F8D6FD269C7D" box="[638,754,1814,1842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285778F8D5FF289C1C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285778F8D5FF289C1C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the better match for the fossil as its helical thickenings are distinct.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962855ADF89DFD109C38" author="Wang, Y-B & R. B. Figlar & J. Wen" box="[470,708,1884,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="5" refId="ref40468" refString="Wang, Y-B, B-B Liu, Z-L Nie, H-F Chen, F-J Chen, R. B. Figlar and J. Wen. 2020. Major clades and revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequence via genome skimming. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58 (5): 673 - 69. [https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12588]." type="journal article" year="2020">Wang et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628540BF8BEFF299CD5" authorityName="Hu" authorityYear="1924" baseAuthorityName="Oliv." box="[112,253,1918,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fordiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628540BF8BEFF299CD5" box="[112,253,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. fordiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A33696285576F840FECA9CD5" box="[269,286,1920,1946]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A33696285551F840FEA69CD5" box="[298,370,1920,1946]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A336962855ECF840FDD79CD4" box="[407,515,1920,1947]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628560BF840FC359B90" box="[624,993,195,1948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628560BF840FD219CD3" box="[624,757,1920,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Manglietia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Manglietia</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285778F8BEFC359B90" box="[771,993,195,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kwangsiensis">M. kwangsiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A3369628578FFF03FBD19B92" box="[1012,1029,195,221]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A33696285069FF03FB899B91" box="[1042,1117,195,222]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962850AAFF04FC4E9A4F" authority="(Pierre) Dandy (1927)" authorityName="Dandy" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Pierre" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Kmeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962850AAFF04FAFE9B92" box="[1233,1322,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Kmeria</emphasis>
|
||
(Pierre) Dandy (1927)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the temperate Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628508EFF25FA5C9A4E" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1853" box="[1269,1416,229,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628508EFF25FA5C9A4E" box="[1269,1416,229,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. sieboldii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sect. Oyama.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A336962857DAFEC9FC679A6C" box="[929,947,265,291]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
review of the Leiden wood slide collection and a new atlas for Chinese woods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962850BEFEECFAAA9A08" author="Itoh, T. B. & Pan, P. & Baas, J. & Luo, D. & Li, Y. & Cui, F. & Wang & M. Mertz & Y. Yasumoto" box="[1221,1406,300,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref36047" refString="Itoh, T. B. Pan, P. Baas, J. Luo, D. Li, Y. Cui, F. Wang. M. Mertz and Y. Yasumoto. 2022. Anatomical Atlas and Database of Chinese Woods. Kaiseisha Press. 2679 pp." type="book" year="2022">Itoh et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285703FE8EFA5D9A25" authority="(Merr. ex Dandy) Figlar (2000)" authorityName="Figlar" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Dandy" box="[888,1417,334,363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Manglietia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foveolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285703FE8EFBD89A25" box="[888,1036,334,362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. foveolata</emphasis>
|
||
(Merr.ex Dandy) Figlar (2000)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962851BFFE8EFB899AC2" authority="H. Lev. (1904)" authorityName="H. Lev." authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Manglietia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962851BFFE8EFC499AC2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ma. martini</emphasis>
|
||
H. Lév. (1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also are close matches for this Dietz Hill wood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3369628571BFE79FC44992F" blockId="9.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Given the overlap in wood anatomy within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285107FE7AFA249A99" box="[1404,1520,442,470]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285107FE7AFA249A99" box="[1404,1520,442,470]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and there being over 100 species whose wood anatomy is unknown, it is highly likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628509AFE3EFA029955" box="[1249,1494,510,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hansnooteboomii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628509AFE3EFA029955" box="[1249,1494,510,538]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. hansnooteboomii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a close match of more species than the ones discussed above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3369628571BFDA9FBD998D2" blockId="9.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628571BFDA9FAC999CC" bold="true" box="[864,1309,617,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Comparisons to fossil woods—</emphasis>
|
||
Fossil woods of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628573BFD4CFC3F99E9" box="[832,1003,652,678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
date back to the late Cretaceous (Campanian). Among the 18 fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962850E3FD70FA979985" box="[1176,1347,688,714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods in the InsideWood database (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A171A8A3369628501AFD13FB6B99A2" box="[1121,1215,723,749]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[113,177,194,218]" captionTargetBox="[126,1490,424,1246]" captionTargetId="graphics-14@10.[112,1520,457,1205]" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of fossil Magnoliaceae woods in chronological order. K=Cretaceous, (C)=Campanian, (M)=Maastrichtian, Eo=Eocene, Olig=Oligocene; Mio=Miocene, e=early, m=middle, up=upper; IVP=intervessel pitting, S=scalariform, O=opposite; Bars/PP=number of bars per scalariform perforation plate; Si=simple perforation plates present; HT=helical thickenings in vessel elements; O/M= oil/mucilage cells; Y=present; N=absent; *=small axis, ()=not as common. References. 1=Cevallos-Ferriz and Stockey (1990); 2=Huang et al. (2020; 3=Huard (1967); 4=Iamandei et al. (2011); 5=Iamandei et al. (2020); 6=Page (1970); 7=Prakash et al. (1971); 8=Sakala et al. (2010); 9=Srivastava and Suzuki (2001); 10=Suzuki (1976); 11=Takahashi and Suzuki (2003); 12=van der Burgh (1973); 13=Wheeler et al. (1977); 14=Wheeler and Manchester (2002)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C149BA335962B540AFF02FB4C9A35" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF5C149BA335962B540AFF02FB4C9A35">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), two species share the aforementioned features with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962850BDFD37FA15985F" box="[1222,1473,758,784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hansnooteboomii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962850BDFD37FA15985F" box="[1222,1473,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. hansnooteboomii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962851A8FD35FAA2987C" authority="Huang, Jin and Okolski (2019)" authorityName="Huang, Jin and Okolski" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nanningensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962851A8FD35FC379879" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. nanningensis</emphasis>
|
||
Huang, Jin and Okolski (2019)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the upper Oligocene,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A33696285058FCFCFBB99819" box="[1059,1133,828,854]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962850CEFCFDFB089835" authority="van der Burgh (1973)" authorityName="van der Burgh" authorityYear="1973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parenchymatosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962850CEFCFDFC609836" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolioxylon parenchymatosum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962857C5FCA0FB089835" author="Van der Burgh, J." box="[958,1244,864,890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="3 - 275" refId="ref40218" refString="Van der Burgh, J. 1973. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlen- formation. 2. Holzer der Braunkohlengruben " Maria Theresia " zu Herzogenrath, " Zukunft West " zu Eschweiler und " Vic- tor " (Zulpich Mitte) zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematischanatomischen Bearbeitung der Gattung Pinus L. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 15: 3 - 275. [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (73) 90001 - 8]." type="journal article" year="1973">van der Burgh (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Miocene of western Europe,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3369628571BFC66FB979FB2" blockId="9.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Although today
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628504BFC66FB0A988F" box="[1072,1246,934,960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are no longer native in western North America, fossil woods confirm its former presence, including three representatives from the middle Eocene Clarno Nut Beds of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A33696285178FBD0FAB79F65" box="[1283,1379,1040,1066]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628510AFBCEFB229F02" authority="Wheeler and Manchester (2002)" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="2002" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628510AFBCEFA249F63" box="[1393,1520,1038,1068]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. pageae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A3369628573BFBF3FB229F02" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" box="[832,1270,1075,1101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref41110" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2002. Woods of the Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA. IAWA Journal Supplement 3: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="2002">Wheeler and Manchester (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285173FBF3FC439FDB" authority="(Scott and Wheeler) Wheeler and Manchester (2002)" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Scott and Wheeler" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnoliaceoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285173FBF3FC7B9F3D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnoliaceoxylon angulata</emphasis>
|
||
(Scott and Wheeler)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A336962850CCFB96FC439FDB" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref41110" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2002. Woods of the Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA. IAWA Journal Supplement 3: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="2002">Wheeler and Manchester (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962857AEFBB8FA3F9FDB" authority="Wheeler and Manchester (2002)" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2002" box="[981,1515,1144,1172]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnoliaceoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962857AEFBB8FB819FDB" box="[981,1109,1144,1172]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ma. cutleri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285021FBB9FA3F9FDB" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" box="[1114,1515,1145,1172]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref41110" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2002. Woods of the Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA. IAWA Journal Supplement 3: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="2002">Wheeler and Manchester (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285796FB5DFB099FF9" box="[1005,1245,1180,1206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hansnooteboomii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285796FB5DFB099FF9" box="[1005,1245,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. hansnooteboomii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A171A8A33696285092FB5CFA959FF8" box="[1257,1345,1180,1207]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[113,177,194,218]" captionTargetBox="[126,1490,424,1246]" captionTargetId="graphics-14@10.[112,1520,457,1205]" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of fossil Magnoliaceae woods in chronological order. K=Cretaceous, (C)=Campanian, (M)=Maastrichtian, Eo=Eocene, Olig=Oligocene; Mio=Miocene, e=early, m=middle, up=upper; IVP=intervessel pitting, S=scalariform, O=opposite; Bars/PP=number of bars per scalariform perforation plate; Si=simple perforation plates present; HT=helical thickenings in vessel elements; O/M= oil/mucilage cells; Y=present; N=absent; *=small axis, ()=not as common. References. 1=Cevallos-Ferriz and Stockey (1990); 2=Huang et al. (2020; 3=Huard (1967); 4=Iamandei et al. (2011); 5=Iamandei et al. (2020); 6=Page (1970); 7=Prakash et al. (1971); 8=Sakala et al. (2010); 9=Srivastava and Suzuki (2001); 10=Suzuki (1976); 11=Takahashi and Suzuki (2003); 12=van der Burgh (1973); 13=Wheeler et al. (1977); 14=Wheeler and Manchester (2002)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C149BA335962B540AFF02FB4C9A35" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF5C149BA335962B540AFF02FB4C9A35">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Seed casts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3369628573BFB00FC669F93" box="[832,946,1216,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3369628573BFB00FC669F93" box="[832,946,1216,1244]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occur at the Dietz Hill locality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285124FB00FBE69FB2" author="Manchester, S. R. & W. C. McIntosh" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="7 - 17" refId="ref37371" refString="Manchester, S. R. and W. C. McIntosh. 2007. Late Eocene silicified fruits and seeds from the John Day Formation near Post, Oregon. PaleoBios 27: 7 - 17." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A33696285124FB00FA249F95" box="[1375,1520,1216,1242]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
and McIntosh 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3369628571BFAC6FB2B9DA5" blockId="9.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The wood that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A33696285062FAC6FB109E6E" author="Huard, J." box="[1049,1220,1286,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="81 - 105" refId="ref35917" refString="Huard, J. 1967. Etude de trois bois de Lauracees fossiles des formations a lignite neogenes d'Arjuzanx (Landes). Revue Generale de Botanique 74: 81 - 105." type="journal article" year="1967">Huard (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285117FAC6FBDE9E0C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285117FAC6FBDE9E0C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Laurinoxylon intermedium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Neogene of southwest
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A336962851E0FAEAFA249E0B" box="[1435,1520,1322,1348]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962857E8FA8DFBC29E28" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[915,1046,1357,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285022FA8CFADC9E29" box="[1113,1288,1356,1382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That species had exclusively scalariform perforation plates and scalariform intervessel pitting, which do not occur in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962851C3FA53FC409E9E" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It seems probable that he used the occurrence of idioblasts to assign the sample to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285178FA1AFA579EBB" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[1283,1411,1498,1524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was unaware that secretory idioblasts also occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285106FA3DFA249D56" box="[1405,1520,1533,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285106FA3DFA249D56" box="[1405,1520,1533,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wood. Additionally, Huard’s wood does not have paratracheal parenchyma, only widely spaced apotracheal parenchyma bands, yet another feature consistent with magnoliaceous affinities.Accordingly, we hereby propose a new combination,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285046F96CFA4A9D88" authority="(Huard)" authorityName="Wheeler & Manchester & Baas" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Huard" box="[1085,1438,1708,1735]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intemedia" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285046F96CFAE69D89" box="[1085,1330,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Magnolia intemedia</emphasis>
|
||
(Huard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264257AA336962851DEF96CFCA69DA5" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Wheeler, Manchester, and Baas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A336962B571BF933FDBF9E6E" blockId="9.[832,1521,195,1946]" lastBlockId="10.[112,619,1287,1313]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A3369628571BF933FCA69C42" box="[864,882,1779,1805]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
comparison with fossil
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A336962850C8F933FA809C42" box="[1203,1364,1777,1807]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A336962850C8F933FAFE9C40" box="[1203,1322,1779,1807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Magnolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264257AA3369628514FF931FA809C42" box="[1332,1364,1777,1805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species described in the literature, including
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A33696285097F8D7FA489C7F" box="[1260,1436,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A33696285097F8D7FA439C7F" box="[1260,1431,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">M. intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A171A8A336962851D2F8D6FC9A9C1C" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[113,177,194,218]" captionTargetBox="[126,1490,424,1246]" captionTargetId="graphics-14@10.[112,1520,457,1205]" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of fossil Magnoliaceae woods in chronological order. K=Cretaceous, (C)=Campanian, (M)=Maastrichtian, Eo=Eocene, Olig=Oligocene; Mio=Miocene, e=early, m=middle, up=upper; IVP=intervessel pitting, S=scalariform, O=opposite; Bars/PP=number of bars per scalariform perforation plate; Si=simple perforation plates present; HT=helical thickenings in vessel elements; O/M= oil/mucilage cells; Y=present; N=absent; *=small axis, ()=not as common. References. 1=Cevallos-Ferriz and Stockey (1990); 2=Huang et al. (2020; 3=Huard (1967); 4=Iamandei et al. (2011); 5=Iamandei et al. (2020); 6=Page (1970); 7=Prakash et al. (1971); 8=Sakala et al. (2010); 9=Srivastava and Suzuki (2001); 10=Suzuki (1976); 11=Takahashi and Suzuki (2003); 12=van der Burgh (1973); 13=Wheeler et al. (1977); 14=Wheeler and Manchester (2002)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C149BA335962B540AFF02FB4C9A35" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF5C149BA335962B540AFF02FB4C9A35">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) reveals that
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A33696285788F8FAFBC29C1B" box="[1011,1046,1850,1876]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84871differs in its combination of intervessel pits predominantly scalariform; helical vessel wall thickenings present; oil/mucilage cells absent. This justified its recognition as a new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |