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<mods:title id="5976207E6F2E556C8C74A54169DADF64">New sponge species from hydrothermal vent and cold seep sites off New Zealand</mods:title>
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<heading id="695A81827E024147FF7FF883FE60790D" bold="true" box="[151,553,1826,1853]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" reason="1">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FF7FF883FE60790D" bold="true" box="[151,553,1826,1853]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
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<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FF7FF883FD8D790C" bold="true" box="[151,452,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E024147FF77F8E4FCAC796E" box="[159,229,1861,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[350,1236,205,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,195,1464]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing type localities for new species described from the Calypso hydrothermal vent field in the Bay of Plenty and named seep sites on the Hikurangi Margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715656/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E024147FF1BF8E7FD66796E" box="[243,303,1862,1886]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStart-2="FIGURE 11" captionStart-3="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="24.[151,250,1068,1090]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionStartId-2="26.[151,250,1102,1124]" captionStartId-3="28.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1432,195,1047]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1432,169,1085]" captionTargetBox-3="[202,1389,193,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[155,1432,195,1047]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetId-2="figure@26.[155,1432,169,1085]" captionTargetId-3="figure@28.[202,1389,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="26" captionTargetPageId-3="28" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Photograph of the seabed at the North Tower seep site on Opouawe Bank (NIWA Stn TAN0616/85: image 100; 41.781° S, 175.401° E, 1049 m) showing the conspicuous finger-shaped sponge, Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., growing from the sediment-covered rock surface (red arrows). Image captured by NIWA’s DTIS (Deep Towed Imaging System) deployed from RV Tangaroa. Scale = 20 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov.: A. Preserved holotype NIWA 27044; B. Preserved paratype NIWA 32043; C. Preserved paratype NIWA 27043; D. Preserved paratype NIWA 27045." captionText-2="FIGURE 11. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., histological sections showing skeleton: A. Paratangential section of holotype NIWA 27044, showing subectosomal fans and marked tangential ectosome; B., C. Longitudinal sections of paratype NIWA 27055, showing the long, thin axial tracts diverging beneath the tangential ectosome." captionText-3="FIGURE 12. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., holotype NIWA 27044, spicules: A, Choanosomal tylostyle, straight shafted; B, Choanosomal tylostyle, acutely bent in the upper proximal end of the spicule; C, Small, possibly ectosomal tylostyle; D, Choanosomal and ectosomal tylostyles of different lengths." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715672" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715674" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715676" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715678" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3715672/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3715674/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3715676/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3715678/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">9–12</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="7F2F03557E024147FED2F8E4FDC4796E" box="[314,397,1861,1886]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="27.[151,239,512,535]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20 unless stated otherwise." pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Table 6</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E024147FF7FF82CFE877993" blockId="23.[151,872,1933,2016]" box="[151,718,1933,1955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
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<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FF7FF82CFD747993" box="[151,317,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
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sp., 
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<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E024147FE84F82FFE547993" author="Baco, A. R. &amp; Rowden, A. A. &amp; Levin, L. A. &amp; Smith, C. R. &amp; Bowden, D." box="[364,541,1933,1955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="251 - 259" refId="ref12266" refString="Baco, A. R., Rowden, A. A., Levin, L. A., Smith, C. R. &amp; Bowden, D. (2010) Initial characterisation of cold seep faunal communities on the New Zealand Hikurangi margin. Marine Geology, 272 (1), 251 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. margeo. 2009.06.015" type="journal article" year="2010">
Baco 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FE4FF82FFD9A7993" box="[423,467,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
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: 255
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, 256, fig 2b.
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<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FF7FF80DFD7479F2" box="[151,317,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
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sp., 
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<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E024147FE84F80DFE7379F2" author="Thurber, A. R. &amp; Kroger, K. &amp; Neira, C. &amp; Wiklund, H. &amp; Levin, L." box="[364,570,1964,1986]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="260 - 269" refId="ref15527" refString="Thurber, A. R., Kroger, K., Neira, C., Wiklund, H. &amp; Levin, L. (2010) Stable isotope signatures and methane use by New Zealand cold seep benthos. Marine Geology, 272, 260 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. margeo. 2009.06.001" type="journal article" year="2010">
Thurber 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FE2CF80CFDB879F2" box="[452,497,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
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: 260
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, 265–268, fig. 3, table 3.
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<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FF7FF86BFD7479D0" box="[151,317,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
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<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E024147FE84F86BFE7579D0" author="Bowden, D. A. &amp; Rowden, A. A. &amp; Thurber, A. R. &amp; Baco, A. R. &amp; Levin, L. A. &amp; Smith, C. R." box="[364,572,1994,2016]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="76869" refId="ref12606" refString="Bowden, D. A., Rowden, A. A., Thurber, A. R., Baco, A. R., Levin, L. A. &amp; Smith, C. R. (2013) Cold seep epifaunal communities on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Composition, succession, and vulnerability to human activities. PLoS ONE, 8 (10), e 76869. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0076869" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bowden 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E024147FE2FF86AFDBD79D0" box="[455,500,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
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: 5
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–11.
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<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF7FFB8DFD5D7A72" bold="true" box="[151,276,1068,1090]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Photograph of the seabed at the North Tower seep site on Opouawe Bank (NIWA Stn TAN0616/85: image 100; 41.781° S, 175.401° E, 1049 m) showing the conspicuous finger-shaped sponge, 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0D4148FC36FBEAF8967A51" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[990,1247,1099,1121]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FC36FBEAF8967A51" box="[990,1247,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0D4148FB0FFBEAF9707A51" box="[1255,1337,1099,1121]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, growing from the sediment-covered rock surface (red arrows). Image captured by NIWA’s DTIS (Deep Towed Imaging System) deployed from RV 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0D4148FEB1FB2BFDF07AAF" box="[345,441,1162,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tangaroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FEB1FB2BFDF07AAF" box="[345,441,1162,1183]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Tangaroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale = 20 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="321236EE7E0D4148FF7FFB6AF88C7B44" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF7FFB6AFDC97AD4" bold="true" box="[151,384,1227,1252]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FE6FFB6AF82E7AD3" box="[391,1127,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">South and North Tower Seeps, Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin</emphasis>
: 
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— 
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, 
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TAN0616/79, 
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<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FD25FB4EFF077B37" box="[717,846,1263,1287]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="177.399">177.399° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FCB2FB4EFFBE7B37" box="[858,1015,1263,1288]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0465" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1046.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1040.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FCB2FB4EFFBE7B37" box="[858,1015,1263,1288]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0465" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1046.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1040.0">1040–1053 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by epibenthic sled, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FAA1FB4EFC9A7B1C" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FAA1FB4EFC9A7B1C" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">13 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FF0CFAB2FF657B1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498191" box="[228,812,1299,1324]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 27043, 27045, 27047, 27060" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF0CFAB2FD157B1C" bold="true" box="[228,348,1299,1324]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<typeStatus id="ED16884C7E0D4148FF0CFAB2FD157B1C" box="[228,348,1299,1324]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
— 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FE90FAB5FE507B1C" box="[376,537,1300,1324]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 27043</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FDC4FAB2FE3C7B1C" box="[556,629,1299,1324]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">27045</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FD6FFAB5FE997B1C" box="[647,720,1300,1324]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">27047</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FD0BFAB2FF657B1C" box="[739,812,1299,1324]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">27060</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FCD7FAB5FF8E7B60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498202" collectingDate="2006-11-13" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="1047" latitude="-41.783" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.399" municipality="North Tower" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FCD7FAB5FFC17B1C" box="[831,904,1300,1324]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
<location id="377260357E0D4148FC7FFAB5FFF57B1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FC7FFAB5FFF57B1C" box="[919,956,1300,1324]" latitude="-41.783" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.399" municipality="North Tower" name="Stn" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn</location>
TAN0616/79, 
<collectingMunicipality id="D276AC947E0D4148FB9BFAB2F9457B1B" box="[1139,1292,1299,1324]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">North Tower</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FAF7FAB5F9DE7B1C" box="[1311,1431,1300,1324]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-41.783">41.783° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FF7FFA96FD527B7F" box="[151,283,1335,1359]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="177.399">177.399° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FEC1FA96FD837B7F" box="[297,458,1335,1360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0465" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1046.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1040.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FEC1FA96FD837B7F" box="[297,458,1335,1360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0465" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1046.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1040.0">1040–1053 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by epibenthic sled, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FCC3FA96FF8E7B60" box="[811,967,1335,1360]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FCC3FA96FF8E7B60" box="[811,967,1335,1360]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">13 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FC3DFA99F83B7B60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498215" box="[981,1138,1335,1360]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 27055" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FC3DFA99F83B7B60" box="[981,1138,1335,1360]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 27055</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FB68FA99F8887B44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498186" collectingDate="2006-11-13" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="1052" latitude="-41.783" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.399" municipality="South Tower" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FB68FA99F8807B60" box="[1152,1225,1336,1360]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
<location id="377260357E0D4148FB3BFA96F8B17B7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FB3BFA96F8B17B7F" box="[1235,1272,1335,1359]" latitude="-41.783" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.399" municipality="South Tower" name="Stn" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn</location>
TAN0616/83, 
<collectingMunicipality id="D276AC947E0D4148FF7FFAFAFD617B43" box="[151,296,1371,1396]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">South Tower</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FEDBFAFDFDEA7B44" box="[307,419,1372,1396]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-41.783">41.783° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FE58FAFAFE797B43" box="[432,560,1371,1396]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="175.399">175.399° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FDD4FAFAFE907B43" box="[572,729,1371,1396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0515" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1051.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1050.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FDD4FAFAFE907B43" box="[572,729,1371,1396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0515" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1051.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1050.0">1050–1053 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by epibenthic sled, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FBC3FAFDF8887B44" box="[1067,1217,1371,1396]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FBC3FAFDF8887B44" box="[1067,1217,1371,1396]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">13 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0D4148FF2FFADEFF7C7B8C" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF2FFADEFE867BA7" box="[199,719,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">LM-3 Seep, Rock Garden, Hikurangi Margin</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FD09FA21FF347BA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498182" box="[737,893,1407,1432]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 32043" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FD09FA21FF347BA7" box="[737,893,1407,1432]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 32043</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FC63FA21FE717B8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498176" collectionCode="IFM, GEOMAR" collectorName="Stn SO" elevation="908" latitude="-39.977" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="178.236" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FC63FA21FFF47BA7" box="[907,957,1408,1431]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0j3n-r3wc" name="IFM Quality Services Pty Ltd" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">IFM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FC20FADEF8087BA7" box="[968,1089,1407,1431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">GEOMAR</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="9F5853387E0D4148FBA3FADEF8E87BA7" box="[1099,1185,1407,1431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn SO</collectorName>
191-3/238, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FACBFADEF9DE7BA7" box="[1315,1431,1407,1431]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-39.977">39.977° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FF7FFA02FD517B8B" box="[151,280,1443,1468]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="178.236">178.236° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FECBFA05FDED7B8B" box="[291,420,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.075" metricValueMax="9.08" metricValueMin="9.07" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="907.5" valueMax="908.0" valueMin="907.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FECBFA05FDED7B8B" box="[291,420,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.075" metricValueMax="9.08" metricValueMin="9.07" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="907.5" valueMax="908.0" valueMin="907.0">907–908 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FDD7FA05FF7B7B8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498179" box="[575,818,1443,1468]" collectingDate="2007-03-06" collectionCode="TV" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FDD7FA05FE2D7B8B" box="[575,612,1444,1467]" country="Portugal" name="Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">TV</collectionCode>
grab, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FD43FA02FF7B7B8C" box="[683,818,1443,1468]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-03-06">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FD43FA02FF7B7B8C" box="[683,818,1443,1468]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-03-06">6 Mar 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0D4148FF2FFA66FF107834" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="description">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0D4148FF2FFA66FF107834" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF2FFA66FE967BEF" box="[199,735,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">LM-9 Seep, Omakere Ridge, Hikurangi Margin</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FD06FA69FFC07BD0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498180" box="[750,905,1479,1504]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 32063" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FD06FA69FFC07BD0" box="[750,905,1479,1504]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 32063</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FC7DFA69FE1B7834" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498194" collectionCode="IFM, GEOMAR" collectorName="Stn SO" elevation="1104" latitude="-40.054" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.822" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FC7DFA69FF8E7BEF" box="[917,967,1480,1503]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0j3n-r3wc" name="IFM Quality Services Pty Ltd" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">IFM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FC27FA66F8017BEF" box="[975,1096,1479,1503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">GEOMAR</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="9F5853387E0D4148FBB9FA66F8ED7BD0" box="[1105,1188,1479,1504]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn SO</collectorName>
191-2/164, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FACDFA66F9DF7BEF" box="[1317,1430,1479,1504]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-40.054">40.054° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FF7FFA4DFD517833" box="[151,280,1516,1540]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="177.822">177.822° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FECBFA4DFDF77833" box="[291,446,1516,1540]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1035" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="1.097" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1103.5" valueMax="1110.0" valueMin="1097.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FECBFA4DFDF77833" box="[291,446,1516,1540]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1035" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="1.097" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1103.5" valueMax="1110.0" valueMin="1097.0">1097–1110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FDB1FA4DFF1C7834" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498218" box="[601,853,1515,1540]" collectingDate="2007-02-22" collectionCode="TV" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FDB1FA4DFE377833" box="[601,638,1516,1539]" country="Portugal" name="Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">TV</collectionCode>
grab, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FD2DFA4DFF1C7834" box="[709,853,1515,1540]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-22">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FD2DFA4DFF1C7834" box="[709,853,1515,1540]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-22">22 Feb 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0D4148FF2FF9AEF82979A0" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0D4148FF2FF9AEFFAF78EC" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF2FF9AEFDCF7818" bold="true" box="[199,390,1551,1576]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Other material.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FE78F9AEF8D87817" box="[400,1169,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">South and North Tower Seeps, Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FB4BF9B1F9D17817" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498208" box="[1187,1432,1551,1576]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 27046, 27048" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FB4BF9B1F9097818" box="[1187,1344,1551,1576]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 27046</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FAA7F9AEF9D17817" box="[1359,1432,1551,1575]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">27048</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FF7FF995FC9A7840" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498207" collectingDate="2006-11-13" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Stn" elevation="1047" latitude="-41.783" location="North Tower" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.399" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FF7FF995FCA9787C" box="[151,224,1588,1612]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="9F5853387E0D4148FF0FF995FD45787C" box="[231,268,1588,1612]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn</collectorName>
TAN0616/79, 
<location id="377260357E0D4148FE5CF992FE0F787B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FE5CF992FE0F787B" box="[436,582,1587,1612]" latitude="-41.783" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.399" name="North Tower" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">North Tower</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FDB8F995FE88787C" box="[592,705,1588,1612]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-41.783">41.783° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FD25F995FF07787B" box="[717,846,1588,1612]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="177.399">177.399° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FCB2F992FFBE787B" box="[858,1015,1587,1612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0465" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1046.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1040.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FCB2F992FFBE787B" box="[858,1015,1587,1612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0465" metricValueMax="1.053" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1046.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="1040.0">1040–1053 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by epibenthic sled, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FAA1F995FC9A7840" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FAA1F995FC9A7840" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">13 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FF08F9F9FD357840" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498211" box="[224,380,1623,1648]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 27051" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FF08F9F9FD357840" box="[224,380,1623,1648]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 27051</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FE61F9F9FDAB78A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498205" collectingDate="2006-11-13" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Stn" elevation="1050" latitude="-41.79" location="South Tower" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.405" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FE61F9F9FD9B7840" box="[393,466,1624,1648]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="9F5853387E0D4148FE34F9F6FE48785F" box="[476,513,1623,1647]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn</collectorName>
TAN0616/80, 
<location id="377260357E0D4148FD46F9F6FF0B785F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FD46F9F6FF0B785F" box="[686,834,1623,1648]" latitude="-41.79" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.405" name="South Tower" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">South Tower</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FCB8F9F6FF8A785F" box="[848,963,1623,1647]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-41.79">41.790° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FC3AF9F6F81C785F" box="[978,1109,1623,1648]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="175.405">175.405° E</geoCoordinate>
, 1055– 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FB41F9F6F94A785F" box="[1193,1283,1623,1648]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1050.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FB41F9F6F94A785F" box="[1193,1283,1623,1648]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by epibenthic sled, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FEA5F9DDFDAB78A4" box="[333,482,1659,1684]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FEA5F9DDFDAB78A4" box="[333,482,1659,1684]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">13 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FE05F9DDFE9078A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498213" box="[493,729,1659,1684]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 27052, 27054" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FE05F9DDFECC78A4" box="[493,645,1659,1684]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 27052</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FD78F9DAFE9078A4" box="[656,729,1659,1684]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">27054</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FD0CF9DDFF577888" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498178" collectingDate="2006-11-13" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Stn" elevation="1050" latitude="-41.783" location="South Tower" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.399" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FD0CF9DDFF6478A4" box="[740,813,1660,1684]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="9F5853387E0D4148FCDBF9DDFF1178A4" box="[819,856,1660,1684]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn</collectorName>
TAN0616/83, 
<location id="377260357E0D4148FBE8F9DAF8D878A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FBE8F9DAF8D878A3" box="[1024,1169,1659,1684]" latitude="-41.783" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.399" name="South Tower" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">South Tower</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FB73F9DDF94278A4" box="[1179,1291,1660,1684]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-41.783">41.783° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FAFFF9DAF9DE78A3" box="[1303,1431,1659,1684]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="175.399">175.399° E</geoCoordinate>
, 1053– 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FF35F93EFD7D7887" box="[221,308,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1050.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FF35F93EFD7D7887" box="[221,308,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by epibenthic sled, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FD60F93EFF577888" box="[648,798,1695,1720]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FD60F93EFF577888" box="[648,798,1695,1720]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-13">13 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FCC2F901FF8D7888" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498206" box="[810,964,1695,1720]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 35004" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FCC2F901FF8D7888" box="[810,964,1695,1720]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 35004</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FC27F901FE9678EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498219" collectionCode="IFM, GEOMAR" collectorName="Stn SO" elevation="1055" latitude="-41.789" location="South Tower" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.407" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FC27F901F8487887" box="[975,1025,1696,1719]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0j3n-r3wc" name="IFM Quality Services Pty Ltd" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">IFM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FBE1F93EF8CB7887" box="[1033,1154,1695,1719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">GEOMAR</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="9F5853387E0D4148FB61F93EF8927887" box="[1161,1243,1695,1719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Stn SO</collectorName>
191-2/149, 
<location id="377260357E0D4148FAB3F93EFCA978EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FAB3F93EFCA978EB" latitude="-41.789" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="175.407" name="South Tower" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">South Tower</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FF03F965FD1278EC" box="[235,347,1732,1756]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-41.789">41.789° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FE80F962FDA178EB" box="[360,488,1731,1756]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="175.407">175.407° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FE1CF962FE0278EB" box="[500,587,1731,1756]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1055.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FE1CF962FE0278EB" box="[500,587,1731,1756]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1055.0">1055 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FD0EF965FFAB78EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498183" box="[742,994,1731,1756]" collectingDate="2007-02-19" collectionCode="TV" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FD0EF965FF4278EB" box="[742,779,1732,1755]" country="Portugal" name="Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">TV</collectionCode>
grab, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FCBAF965FFAB78EC" box="[850,994,1731,1756]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-19">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FCBAF965FFAB78EC" box="[850,994,1731,1756]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-19">19 Feb 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0D4148FF2FF946F96E795C" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF2FF946FE9678CF" box="[199,735,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">LM-9 Seep, Omakere Ridge, Hikurangi Margin</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FD07F949FFC078CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498193" box="[751,905,1767,1792]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 27034" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FD07F949FFC078CF" box="[751,905,1767,1792]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 27034</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FC7DF949FF057914" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498177" collectingDate="2006-11-07" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="1144" latitude="-40.013" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.86" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FC7DF949FF977930" box="[917,990,1768,1792]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
Stn TAN0616/45, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FB5FF946F96178CF" box="[1207,1320,1767,1791]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-40.013">40.013° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FADEF946FCE27913" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="177.86">177.860° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FF52F8AAFD117913" box="[186,344,1803,1828]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1435" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="1.127" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1143.5" valueMax="1160.0" valueMin="1127.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FF52F8AAFD117913" box="[186,344,1803,1828]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1435" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="1.127" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1143.5" valueMax="1160.0" valueMin="1127.0">1127–1160 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by epibenthic sled, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FD55F8ADFF057914" box="[701,844,1803,1828]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-07">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FD55F8ADFF057914" box="[701,844,1803,1828]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2006-11-07">7 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FCB3F8ADF8E17914" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498187" box="[859,1192,1803,1828]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 32040, 32061, 35008" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FCB3F8ADFFB17914" box="[859,1016,1804,1828]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 32040</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FBEFF8AAF8197914" box="[1031,1104,1803,1828]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">32061</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FBB7F8AAF8E17914" box="[1119,1192,1803,1828]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">35008</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FB5FF8ADFFC67978" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498222" collectionCode="IFM, GEOMAR" elevation="1098" latitude="-40.053" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.735" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FB5FF8ADF8A07913" box="[1207,1257,1804,1827]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0j3n-r3wc" name="IFM Quality Services Pty Ltd" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">IFM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FB1BF8ADF9257914" box="[1267,1388,1804,1828]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">GEOMAR</collectionCode>
Stn SO191-2/87, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FEDBF88EFDE17977" box="[307,424,1839,1864]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-40.053">40.053° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FE52F88EFE767977" box="[442,575,1839,1864]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="177.735">177.735° E</geoCoordinate>
, 1106– 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FD7FF88EFEB87977" box="[663,753,1839,1864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.098" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1098.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FD7FF88EFEB87977" box="[663,753,1839,1864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.098" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1098.0">1098 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FC74F891F8E27977" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498189" box="[924,1195,1839,1864]" collectingDate="2007-02-12" collectionCode="TV" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FC74F891FF887977" box="[924,961,1840,1863]" country="Portugal" name="Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">TV</collectionCode>
grab, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FBFAF88EF8E27977" box="[1042,1195,1839,1864]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-12">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FBFAF88EF8E27977" box="[1042,1195,1839,1864]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-12">12 Feb 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FB54F891F9137978" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498192" box="[1212,1370,1839,1864]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="NIWA 32062" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="620B9E957E0D4148FB54F891F9137978" box="[1212,1370,1839,1864]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 32062</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FA82F891F869795C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498203" collectionCode="IFM, GEOMAR" elevation="1104" latitude="-40.054" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="177.822" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FA82F891F9D57977" box="[1386,1436,1840,1863]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0j3n-r3wc" name="IFM Quality Services Pty Ltd" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">IFM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FF7FF8F5FD59795C" box="[151,272,1876,1900]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">GEOMAR</collectionCode>
Stn SO191-2/164, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FE00F8F2FE11795C" box="[488,600,1875,1900]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="-40.054">40.054° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0D4148FD8DF8F5FEAF795B" box="[613,742,1876,1900]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" precision="55" value="177.822">177.822° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FD19F8F5FFC5795B" box="[753,908,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1035" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="1.097" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1103.5" valueMax="1110.0" valueMin="1097.0">
<elevation id="B980D1DD7E0D4148FD19F8F5FFC5795B" box="[753,908,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1035" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="1.097" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1103.5" valueMax="1110.0" valueMin="1097.0">1097–1110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FBCFF8F5F96A795C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498188" box="[1063,1315,1875,1900]" collectingDate="2007-02-22" collectionCode="TV" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="54BCAE2B7E0D4148FBCFF8F5F805795B" box="[1063,1100,1876,1899]" country="Portugal" name="Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">TV</collectionCode>
grab, 
<date id="4613102E7E0D4148FB7BF8F5F96A795C" box="[1171,1315,1875,1900]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-22">
<collectingDate id="5657E9C67E0D4148FB7BF8F5F96A795C" box="[1171,1315,1875,1900]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" value="2007-02-22">22 Feb 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0D4148FF2FF8D6F82979A0" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,2008]" box="[199,1120,1911,1936]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<materialsCitation id="82C53CB37E0D4148FF2FF8D6F81479A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2578498196" box="[199,1117,1911,1936]" county="Hikurangi Margin" location="South" municipality="Opouawe Bank" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF2FF8D6FD2679A0" bold="true" box="[199,367,1911,1936]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<typeStatus id="ED16884C7E0D4148FF2FF8D6FD4B79A0" box="[199,258,1911,1936]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Type</typeStatus>
location.
</emphasis>
<location id="377260357E0D4148FE9DF8D6FDFE79A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FE9DF8D6FDFE79A0" box="[373,439,1911,1936]" county="Hikurangi Margin" municipality="Opouawe Bank" name="South" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">South</location>
and 
<location id="377260357E0D4148FE05F8D6FE8179BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA0487F87E02414FFF7FF883F8B37935:377260357E0D4148FE05F8D6FE8179BF" box="[493,712,1911,1936]" county="Hikurangi Margin" municipality="Opouawe Bank" name="North Tower Seeps" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">North Tower Seeps</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="D276AC947E0D4148FD3BF8D6FFCA79A0" box="[723,899,1911,1936]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Opouawe Bank</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="DB734E627E0D4148FC66F8D6F81479A0" box="[910,1117,1911,1936]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Hikurangi Margin</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0D4148FF2FF83AFF8E79E8" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0D4148FF2FF83AFF8E79E8" blockId="24.[151,1437,1227,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0D4148FF2FF83AFD297984" bold="true" box="[199,352,1947,1972]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Distribution.</emphasis>
Opouawe Bank at southern entrance to Cook Strait, south of Wairarapa coast, North Island, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0D4148FA8CF83DFCA479E7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0334999999999999" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="0.907" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" unit="m" value="1033.5" valueMax="1160.0" valueMin="907.0">907– 1160 m</quantity>
, north to Omakere and Ritchie’s Ridge on the Hikurangi Margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0C414AFF2FFF36F86778BE" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="description">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0C4149FF2FFF36FECA7FB8" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FF2FFF36FD107E80" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Description.</emphasis>
Thickly encrusting, widely spreading, mounded sponge, giving rise to multiple, finely divided branches, that form a highly fragmented mass (
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0C4149FD4FFF1DFEB97EE4" box="[679,752,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1068,1090]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,195,1047]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[155,1432,195,1047]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photograph of the seabed at the North Tower seep site on Opouawe Bank (NIWA Stn TAN0616/85: image 100; 41.781° S, 175.401° E, 1049 m) showing the conspicuous finger-shaped sponge, Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., growing from the sediment-covered rock surface (red arrows). Image captured by NIWA’s DTIS (Deep Towed Imaging System) deployed from RV Tangaroa. Scale = 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715672/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0C4149FD15FF1DFF537EE4" box="[765,794,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov.: A. Preserved holotype NIWA 27044; B. Preserved paratype NIWA 32043; C. Preserved paratype NIWA 27043; D. Preserved paratype NIWA 27045." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">10</figureCitation>
) about 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0C4149FC87FF1DFF8B7EE4" box="[879,962,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
high and wide. Sponges on hard substrate tend to form encrusting mounds, while those partially buried in sediment produce fine tendrils (
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0C4149FB12FF7EF9047EC8" box="[1274,1357,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1068,1090]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,195,1047]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[155,1432,195,1047]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photograph of the seabed at the North Tower seep site on Opouawe Bank (NIWA Stn TAN0616/85: image 100; 41.781° S, 175.401° E, 1049 m) showing the conspicuous finger-shaped sponge, Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., growing from the sediment-covered rock surface (red arrows). Image captured by NIWA’s DTIS (Deep Towed Imaging System) deployed from RV Tangaroa. Scale = 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715672/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0C4149FAB5FF41F9C67EC8" box="[1373,1423,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov.: A. Preserved holotype NIWA 27044; B. Preserved paratype NIWA 32043; C. Preserved paratype NIWA 27043; D. Preserved paratype NIWA 27045." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">10B</figureCitation>
). Branches may be relatively thick with incipient branching, up to 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0C4149FC81FEA5FFD67F2C" box="[873,927,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
diameter (e.g. 
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0C4149FBAEFEA5F8997F2C" box="[1094,1232,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov.: A. Preserved holotype NIWA 27044; B. Preserved paratype NIWA 32043; C. Preserved paratype NIWA 27043; D. Preserved paratype NIWA 27045." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 10A, C</figureCitation>
), to finely divided tendrils 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0C4149FF1AFE89FD197F0F" box="[242,336,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
diameter (e.g. 
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0C4149FE11FE86FE167F70" box="[505,607,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[155,1432,429,1961]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov.: A. Preserved holotype NIWA 27044; B. Preserved paratype NIWA 32043; C. Preserved paratype NIWA 27043; D. Preserved paratype NIWA 27045." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). Oscules are not visible in life or in the preserved state. Texture is corky, slightly granular to the touch, overall firm, compressible, and flexible. Colour in life, dull greyish white; in preservative, dull tan to light orange brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="66D266667E0C4149FF7FF81FFF2179C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3715674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" startId="25.[151,250,1982,2004]" targetBox="[155,1432,429,1961]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0C4149FF7FF81FFF2179C3" blockId="25.[151,1436,1982,2035]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FF7FF81FFD5679E4" bold="true" box="[151,287,1982,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0C4149FECEF81FFE6C79E4" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[294,549,1982,2004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FECEF81FFE6C79E4" box="[294,549,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FDC4F81FFE3579E4" bold="true" box="[556,636,1982,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0C4149FDC4F81FFE3579E4" box="[556,636,1982,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FD62F81FFEEA79E4" bold="true" box="[650,675,1982,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">A.</emphasis>
Preserved holotype NIWA 27044; 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FBE0F81FF85679E4" bold="true" box="[1032,1055,1982,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">B.</emphasis>
Preserved paratype NIWA 32043; 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FA6BF81FF9D579E4" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1982,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">C.</emphasis>
Preserved paratype NIWA 27043; 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0C4149FE1BF87CFE4579C3" bold="true" box="[499,524,2013,2035]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">D.</emphasis>
Preserved paratype NIWA 27045.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="66D266667E0F414AFF7FFBEFFFBB7A91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3715676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715676/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" startId="26.[151,250,1102,1124]" targetBox="[155,1432,169,1085]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0F414AFF7FFBEFFFBB7A91" blockId="26.[151,1436,1102,1185]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFF7FFBEFFD567A54" bold="true" box="[151,287,1102,1124]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0F414AFECDFBEFFE6C7A54" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[293,549,1102,1124]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFECDFBEFFE6C7A54" box="[293,549,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFDC4FBEFFE377A54" bold="true" box="[556,638,1102,1124]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0F414AFDC4FBEFFE377A54" box="[556,638,1102,1124]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, histological sections showing skeleton: 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFBC9FBEFF8707A54" bold="true" box="[1057,1081,1102,1124]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">A.</emphasis>
Paratangential section of holotype NIWA 27044, showing subectosomal fans and marked tangential ectosome; 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFC58FBCDFFA67AB2" bold="true" box="[944,1007,1132,1154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">B., C.</emphasis>
Longitudinal sections of paratype NIWA 27055, showing the long, thin axial tracts diverging beneath the tangential ectosome.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0F414AFF2FFB69F81E7BA4" blockId="26.[151,1437,1224,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFF2FFB69FD7C7AD1" bold="true" box="[199,309,1224,1249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Choanosome composed of loose, divaricating bundles of tylostyles, aligned longitudinally in surface projections, running parallel with the base of the sponge in encrustations (
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0F414AFC34FB4DF80A7B35" box="[988,1091,1260,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,169,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[155,1432,169,1085]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., histological sections showing skeleton: A. Paratangential section of holotype NIWA 27044, showing subectosomal fans and marked tangential ectosome; B., C. Longitudinal sections of paratype NIWA 27055, showing the long, thin axial tracts diverging beneath the tangential ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715676/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
), ranging from about 100–150 µm wide. Free spicules are interspersed between tracts, criss-crossing the primary tracts as single spicules or forming deep, diverging, subectosomal brushes (
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0F414AFD3AFA95FF2E7B7C" box="[722,871,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,169,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[155,1432,169,1085]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., histological sections showing skeleton: A. Paratangential section of holotype NIWA 27044, showing subectosomal fans and marked tangential ectosome; B., C. Longitudinal sections of paratype NIWA 27055, showing the long, thin axial tracts diverging beneath the tangential ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715676/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Figs 11B, C</figureCitation>
). Tracts or subectosomal brushes emerge at the surface as a dense palisade of bouquets of tylostyles, through which lies a relatively thin layer of predominantly, tangentially disposed tylostyles. The whole forms a dense, thick, continuous palisade.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0F414AFF2FFA3EFD627813" blockId="26.[151,1437,1224,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFF2FFA3EFD797B88" bold="true" box="[199,304,1439,1464]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres (
<tableCitation id="7F2F03557E0F414AFE3CFA3EFE657B88" box="[468,556,1439,1464]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="27.[151,239,512,535]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20 unless stated otherwise." pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Table 6</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="AA962A6B7E0F414AFDD1FA3EFEC57B87" box="[569,652,1439,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[202,1389,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[202,1389,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., holotype NIWA 27044, spicules: A, Choanosomal tylostyle, straight shafted; B, Choanosomal tylostyle, acutely bent in the upper proximal end of the spicule; C, Small, possibly ectosomal tylostyle; D, Choanosomal and ectosomal tylostyles of different lengths." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715678/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), tylostyles with well-developed, spherical heads, 291 (134–530) µm long × 8 (7–15) µm thick, with slight protrusion of the apex, shaft uniform along the length and slightly bent off centre in the upper third. No obvious difference in the lengths of the tylostyles between the ectosome and choanosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0F414AFF2FF98FF86778BE" blockId="26.[151,1437,1224,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFF2FF98FFEC87877" bold="true" box="[199,641,1582,1607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Substrate, depth range and ecology.</emphasis>
Attached to authigenic carbonate rock, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0F414AFBB1F98FF8A57876" box="[1113,1260,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0334999999999999" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="0.907" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="1033.5" valueMax="1160.0" valueMin="907.0">907–1160 m</quantity>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0F414AFB13F98FFCA8785A" author="Thurber, A. R. &amp; Kroger, K. &amp; Neira, C. &amp; Wiklund, H. &amp; Levin, L." pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="260 - 269" refId="ref15527" refString="Thurber, A. R., Kroger, K., Neira, C., Wiklund, H. &amp; Levin, L. (2010) Stable isotope signatures and methane use by New Zealand cold seep benthos. Marine Geology, 272, 260 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. margeo. 2009.06.001" type="journal article" year="2010">
Thurber 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFA88F98EF9DC7877" box="[1376,1429,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
hypothesise that this species may be chemoautotrophic and play a significant role in facilitating the transfer of methane into the metazoan food web in hard substrata habitats at the seep sites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0F414AFF2FF938F87E78C9" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0F414AFF2FF938F87E78C9" blockId="26.[151,1437,1224,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFF2FF938FD077882" bold="true" box="[199,334,1689,1714]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named in honour of Dr Andrew Thurber, Department of Microbiology, 
<collectingRegion id="F069F80C7E0F414AFAA0F93BF9D57882" box="[1352,1436,1690,1714]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Oregon</collectingRegion>
State University, 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0F414AFEB6F91FFDC778E6" box="[350,398,1726,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">U.S.</collectingCountry>
A, for his leadership in the discovery and first description of a unique sponge-dominated community that is largely fuelled by methane from the seeps (
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0F414AFCA4F941F86378C9" author="Thurber, A. R. &amp; Kroger, K. &amp; Neira, C. &amp; Wiklund, H. &amp; Levin, L." box="[844,1066,1760,1785]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="260 - 269" refId="ref15527" refString="Thurber, A. R., Kroger, K., Neira, C., Wiklund, H. &amp; Levin, L. (2010) Stable isotope signatures and methane use by New Zealand cold seep benthos. Marine Geology, 272, 260 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. margeo. 2009.06.001" type="journal article" year="2010">
Thurber 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFC46F943FF9678C9" box="[942,991,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0F414FFF2FF8A5FE427D6D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0F414AFF2FF8A5FD9279C4" blockId="26.[151,1437,1224,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFF2FF8A5FD72792D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1796,1821]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Remarks.</emphasis>
A general survey of presently accepted species in 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0F414AFC9EF8A5F90C792D" authority="(Van Soest et al. 2018 b)" authorityName="Van Soest" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[886,1349,1796,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFC9EF8A5F867792D" box="[886,1070,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0F414AFBD4F8A4F974792D" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Schonberg, C. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Picton, B. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R." box="[1084,1341,1796,1821]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refId="ref17291" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. - C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R. (2018 b) World Porifera database. Pseudosuberites Topsent, 1896. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 132069 (accessed 13 August 2018)" type="url" year="2018">
Van Soest 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFB5EF8A7F8AE792D" box="[1206,1255,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
reveals a range of choanosomal architectures, seemingly dependent upon whether the species is encrusting (confused skeleton with loose tracts) or lobate/digitate (some axial compression of tracts with subectosomal divergence towards ectosomal bouquets), indicating a progression in tract and axial compression in the skeleton as the sponge thickens and attains height. Megascleres in the choanosomal skeleton also vary considerably in their overall length, ranging from about 350 µm in 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0F414AFE11F819FF4C79E0" authority="Kirkpatrick" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1900" box="[505,773,1975,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFE11F819FE4E79FF" box="[505,519,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFDFEF816FE3279E0" box="[534,635,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">andrewsi</emphasis>
Kirkpatrick
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0F414AFCD7F819F87E79FF" authority="Topsent" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1913" box="[831,1079,1975,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exalbicans">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFCD7F819FF0479FF" box="[831,845,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFCB4F816FF9D79E0" box="[860,980,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">exalbicans</emphasis>
Topsent
</taxonomicName>
, to 1200 µm in 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0F414AFB07F819F92279E0" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[1263,1387,1975,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFB07F819F8B479FF" box="[1263,1277,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFAE4F816F92279E0" box="[1292,1387,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">hyalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 2000 µm in 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0F414AFEF7F87DFD9279C4" authority="Koltun." box="[287,475,2011,2036]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nudus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFEF7F87DFD6479C3" box="[287,301,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0F414AFED4F87AFD3679C4" box="[316,383,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">nudus</emphasis>
Koltun.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0E414BFF2FFF39F9677FE0" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
Four species are known from the northern hemisphere: 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFCDBFF38F8637E80" authority="(Carter)" authorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[819,1066,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="montiniger">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFCDBFF38FF087E80" box="[819,833,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFCA7FF38FF837E80" box="[847,970,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">montiniger</emphasis>
(Carter)
</taxonomicName>
from the North and East Barents Sea; 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFF3BFF1CFDD97EE5" authority="Koltun" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1966" box="[211,400,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sadko">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF3BFF1CFCA87EE4" box="[211,225,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF1CFF1DFD7F7EE5" box="[244,310,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">sadko</emphasis>
Koltun
</taxonomicName>
from the Russian Arctic Ocean; 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFCC8FF1CFFA27EE4" authority="Topsent" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1925" box="[800,1003,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFCC8FF1CFF677EE4" box="[800,814,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFCAAFF1DFFCE7EE5" box="[834,903,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">mollis</emphasis>
Topsent
</taxonomicName>
from the Western Mediterranean; 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFA6FFF1CFD587EC8" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulphureus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFA6FFF1CF9DC7EE4" box="[1415,1429,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF7FFF7EFD587EC8" box="[151,273,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">sulphureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a thin encrusting sponge from the North Sea. Eight species are known from the Indo-Pacific: three from 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFF3DFEA4FD5C7F2C" box="[213,277,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Japan</collectingCountry>
[(
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFED8FEA4FE617F2D" authority="(Thiele)" authorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" box="[304,552,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFED8FEA4FD777F2C" box="[304,318,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFEA6FEA4FD8A7F2C" box="[334,451,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">incrustans</emphasis>
(Thiele)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFDDCFEA4FF187F2D" authority="Hoshino" authorityName="Hoshino" authorityYear="1981" box="[564,849,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kunisakiensis">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFDDCFEA4FE0B7F2C" box="[564,578,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFDB9FEA5FEAF7F2D" box="[593,742,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">kunisakiensis</emphasis>
Hoshino
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFC66FEA4F8CF7F2D" authority="(Thiele)" authorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" box="[910,1158,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perforates">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFC66FEA4FFD57F2C" box="[910,924,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFC43FEA5F8577F2C" box="[939,1054,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">perforates</emphasis>
(Thiele)
</taxonomicName>
], one from Easter Island (
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFF48FE88FE507F70" authority="Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez" box="[160,537,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vakai">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF48FE88FCE77F70" box="[160,174,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF21FE86FD4F7F70" box="[201,262,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">vakai</emphasis>
Desqueyroux-Faundez
</taxonomicName>
) and one from the 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFCD8FE86FFBE7F70" box="[816,1015,295,320]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
[(
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFBF6FE88F9DB7F70" authority="(de Laubenfels)" authorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1054,1426,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFBF6FE88F8657F70" box="[1054,1068,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFBAFFE88F8F07F70" box="[1095,1209,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">purpureus</emphasis>
(de Laubenfels)
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFF7FFEEDFE027F55" authority="Kirkpatrick" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,587,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF7FFEEDFDF47F55" box="[151,445,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Pseudosuberites andrewsi</emphasis>
Kirkpatrick
</taxonomicName>
, is perhaps the best known tropical species, from 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFB79FEEDF9197F55" box="[1169,1360,332,357]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
in the Western Indian Ocean; 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFE45FED0FE1A7FB8" authority="Sollas" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1902" box="[429,595,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cava">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFE45FED0FDF27FB8" box="[429,443,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFE26FED0FE4A7FB8" box="[462,515,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">cava</emphasis>
Sollas
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from the Malay Peninsula, and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFB96FED0F9107FB8" authority="(Levi)" authorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityName="Levi" box="[1150,1369,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobulatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFB96FED0F8C57FB8" box="[1150,1164,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFB77FECEF94E7FB8" box="[1183,1287,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">lobulatus</emphasis>
(Lévi)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFF7FFE35FCB37F9D" box="[151,250,404,429]" name="Vietnam" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. However, most species have been recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFCDCFE35FFE07F9D" box="[820,937,404,429]" name="Antarctica" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
and the southern-most reaches of the South Pacific Ocean (
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFEAAFE16FDC97FE0" box="[322,384,439,464]" name="Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Chile</collectingCountry>
and the Patagonian Shelf), and the South Atlantic Ocean (
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFBE6FE16F8177FE0" box="[1038,1118,439,464]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Tristan</collectingCountry>
Gough) (
<tableCitation id="7F2F03557E0E414BFB21FE16F9697FE0" box="[1225,1312,439,464]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="29.[147,233,653,675]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of species of Southern Ocean Pseudosuberites Topsent, as accepted currently in World Porifera Database (WPD) (Van Soest et al. 2018b). Dimensions are taken from the original description of the species; spicule dimensions given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max) µm]." pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="66D266667E0E414BFF7FFDA1FEEE7C07" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0E414BFF7FFDA1FEEE7C07" blockId="27.[151,1436,511,567]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF7FFDA1FD437C27" bold="true" box="[151,266,512,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions (µm) of 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFDA3FE5EFF107C27" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[587,857,511,535]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFDA3FE5EFF107C27" box="[587,857,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFC8AFDA1FFF07C27" bold="true" box="[866,953,512,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0E414BFC8AFDA1FFF07C27" box="[866,953,512,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20 unless stated otherwise.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0E414BFF77FDF3FF0C7ACE" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<table id="40ADC44E7E0EBEAFFF77FDF3FF0F7ACE" box="[159,838,594,1278]" gridcols="2" gridrows="17" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FDF3FF0F7C58" box="[159,838,594,616]" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FDF3FDC27C58" box="[159,395,594,616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Specimen</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFDF3FF0F7C58" box="[562,838,594,616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Tylostyles</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FDDDFF0F7CA2" box="[159,838,636,658]" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FDDDFDC27CA2" box="[159,395,636,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Holotype NIWA 27044</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFDDDFF0F7CA2" box="[562,838,636,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">309 (134–453) × 9 (6–10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FD04FF0F7C8B" box="[159,838,677,699]" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FD04FDC27C8B" box="[159,395,677,699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27043</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFD04FF0F7C8B" box="[562,838,677,699]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">280 (174–352) × 8 (6–11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FD6FFF0F7CD4" box="[159,838,718,740]" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FD6FFDC27CD4" box="[159,395,718,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27045</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFD6FFF0F7CD4" box="[562,838,718,740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">340 (161–467) × 10 (7–15)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FD59FF0F7D3E" box="[159,838,760,782]" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FD59FDC27D3E" box="[159,395,760,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27047</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFD59FF0F7D3E" box="[562,838,760,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">277 (177–365) × 9 (5–12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FC80FF0F7D07" box="[159,838,801,823]" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FC80FDC27D07" box="[159,395,801,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27055</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFC80FF0F7D07" box="[562,838,801,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">303 (224–401) × 8 (5–12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FCEBFF0F7D50" box="[159,838,842,864]" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FCEBFDC27D50" box="[159,395,842,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 32063</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFCEBFF0F7D50" box="[562,838,842,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">290 (153–444) × 7 (5–9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FCD5FF0F7DBA" box="[159,838,884,906]" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FCD5FDC27DBA" box="[159,395,884,906]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 32043</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFCD5FF0F7DBA" box="[562,838,884,906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">224 (156–306) × 8 (5–11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FC3CFF0F7D83" box="[159,838,925,947]" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FC3CFDC27D83" box="[159,395,925,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27034</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFC3CFF0F7D83" box="[562,838,925,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">255 (153–428) × 8 (6–10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FC67FF0F7DEC" box="[159,838,966,988]" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FC67FDC27DEC" box="[159,395,966,988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27046</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFC67FF0F7DEC" box="[562,838,966,988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">289 (165–414) × 9 (6–14)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FC51FF0F7A36" box="[159,838,1008,1030]" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FC51FDC27A36" box="[159,395,1008,1030]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27048</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFC51FF0F7A36" box="[562,838,1008,1030]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">313 (211–398) × 9 (6–15)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FBB8FF0F7A1F" box="[159,838,1049,1071]" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FBB8FDC27A1F" box="[159,395,1049,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27051</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFBB8FF0F7A1F" box="[562,838,1049,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">306 (174–369) × 8 (6–17)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FBE3FF0F7A68" box="[159,838,1090,1112]" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FBE3FDC27A68" box="[159,395,1090,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27052</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFBE3FF0F7A68" box="[562,838,1090,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">252 (176–324) × 7 (4–10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FBCDFF0F7AB2" box="[159,838,1132,1154]" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FBCDFDC27AB2" box="[159,395,1132,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 27054</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFBCDFF0F7AB2" box="[562,838,1132,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">292 (200–383) × 8 (6–11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FB34FF0F7A9B" box="[159,838,1173,1195]" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FB34FDC27A9B" box="[159,395,1173,1195]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 32040</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFB34FF0F7A9B" box="[562,838,1173,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">292 (207–385) × 9 (5–12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FB1FFF0F7AE4" box="[159,838,1214,1236]" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FB1FFDC27AE4" box="[159,395,1214,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 32061</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFB1FFF0F7AE4" box="[562,838,1214,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">283 (176–419) × 8 (5–13)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0EBEAFFF77FB49FF0F7ACE" box="[159,838,1256,1278]" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFF77FB49FDC27ACE" box="[159,395,1256,1278]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paratype NIWA 32062</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0EBEAFFDDAFB49FF0F7ACE" box="[562,838,1256,1278]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">345 (180–530) × 10 (7–14)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0E414BFF2FFAE3F826793A" blockId="27.[151,1437,1346,1983]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414BFF2FFAE3FDAC7B6B" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[199,485,1346,1371]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref12449" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 37, 105 pp." type="book" year="1968">Bergquist (1968: 24–26)</bibRefCitation>
ascribed several sponges from Auckland’s Waitemata Harbour, and the Hauraki Gulf’s North Channel, to 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFE50FAC7FF327B4F" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[440,891,1382,1407]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFE50FAC7FE9A7B4F" box="[440,723,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Pseudosuberites sulcatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414BFD0BFAC7FF3A7B4F" author="Thiele, J." box="[739,883,1382,1407]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref15497" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which was first described from waters off Cabo de Espiritu Santo (
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0E414BFE92FA2BFDBA7B93" box="[378,499,1418,1443]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" precision="55" value="-53.783">53.783° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="579950297E0E414BFDEEFA2BFEC17B93" box="[518,648,1418,1443]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" precision="55" value="-67.5">67.500° W</geoCoordinate>
) on the Patagonian Shelf in the South Atlantic Ocean (
<tableCitation id="7F2F03557E0E414BFAD8FA2BF9C77B93" box="[1328,1422,1418,1443]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="29.[147,233,653,675]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of species of Southern Ocean Pseudosuberites Topsent, as accepted currently in World Porifera Database (WPD) (Van Soest et al. 2018b). Dimensions are taken from the original description of the species; spicule dimensions given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max) µm]." pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Bergquist’s specimens are similar to 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFDA8FA0EFEF27BF7" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[576,699,1454,1479]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFDA8FA0EFE077BF6" box="[576,590,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFDB7FA0FFEF27BF7" box="[607,699,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as originally described by 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414BFC15FA0FF8D17BF7" author="Thiele, J." box="[1021,1176,1454,1479]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref15497" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele (1905)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414BFB3CFA0FF9DE7BF7" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[1236,1431,1454,1479]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref12449" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 37, 105 pp." type="book" year="1968">Bergquist (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, including the spicule dimensions [Cabo de Espiritu Santo: choanosomal tylostyles 370 µm long, 12 µm thick, ectosomal tylostyles 175 µm long, 5 µm thick; Narrow Neck: tylostyles 284 (170–386) µm long, 9.6 (6.0–12.7) µm thick; North Channel tylostyles 272 (140–387) µm long and 7.3 (4.6–8.4) µm thick]. The sponges are small and thinly encrusting [Cabo de Espiritu Santo: about 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0E414BFD2FF99FFF517866" box="[711,792,1598,1623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
high with surface processes; 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFB83F99EF9417867" box="[1131,1288,1598,1623]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
: 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0E414BFAFCF99EF9D47866" box="[1300,1437,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.4 mm</quantity>
thick with irregular surface processes (2.8–4.0 mm high, 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0E414BFCF6F9C3FFEF784A" box="[798,934,1634,1659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.6 mm</quantity>
wide)], both with a ‘choanosome composed of a confused mat of large tylostyles with a tendency towards vertical disposition, and the ectosome was composed of vertically arranged tylostyles of large and small size, with a tendency for small spicules to predominate in the dermal region (
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414BFEAEF96FFDB078D7" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[326,505,1742,1767]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref12449" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 37, 105 pp." type="book" year="1968">Bergquist 1968</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414BFDE6F96FFEE078D7" author="Thiele, J." box="[526,681,1742,1767]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref15497" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele (1905)</bibRefCitation>
described some ‘bundle’ formation in the choanosome, tylostyles being bound by spongin, and the same ‘radial’ arrangement of spicules in the ectosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0E414FFF2FF8B7F9C07F2D" blockId="27.[151,1437,1346,1983]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,1797]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
What is quite clear from these descriptions and recent descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFBC6F8B6F8E7791F" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1070,1198,1814,1839]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFBC6F8B6F875791E" box="[1070,1084,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFBBAF8B7F8E7791F" box="[1106,1198,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Easter Island (
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414BFF76F89BFDA07963" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R." box="[158,489,1850,1875]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="373 - 410" refId="ref13103" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. (1990) Sponges (Demospongiae) from Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) (South Pacific Ocean). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 97 (2), 373 - 410." type="journal article" year="1990">Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1990</bibRefCitation>
), is that 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFDA3F89DFE8D7963" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[587,708,1850,1875]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFDA3F89DFE107963" box="[587,601,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFD80F89BFE8D7963" box="[616,708,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and the 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFCD9F89AFF807963" box="[817,969,1850,1875]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
specimens assigned to this species) does not conform to our current understanding of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFD14F8FFFFFD7947" box="[764,948,1886,1911]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFD14F8FFFFFD7947" box="[764,948,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. being the only suberitid genus with an ectosome of tangentially orientated megascleres of a comparable size to those in the choanosome. Rather, 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFA6FF825FCBA798F" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFA6FF825F9DC79AB" box="[1415,1429,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFF7FF807FCBA798F" box="[151,243,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and the 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0E414BFEB3F806FDB9798F" box="[347,496,1958,1983]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
specimens) conform more closely to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0E414BFBEDF807F8E0798F" authorityName="Swartschewsky" authorityYear="1905" box="[1029,1193,1958,1983]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0E414BFBEDF807F8E0798F" box="[1029,1193,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Protosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as diagnosed by 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0E414FFA98F806FD6F7E80" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref15901" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Suberitidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera, a guide to the classification of the sponges. Fol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, 1708 pp." type="book" year="2002">Van Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and recently revisited in 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFDAAFF39FFCC7E80" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; De Kluijver, M. J." box="[578,901,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="401 - 407" refId="ref17783" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; De Kluijver, M. J. (2003) Protosuberites denhartogi spec. nov., a new name for European ' Prosuberites epiphytum' (Demospongiae, Hadromerida). Zoologische Ferhandelingen Leiden, 345, 401 - 407." type="journal article" year="2003">Van Soest &amp; Kluijver (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFC54FF36F8AF7E80" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." box="[956,1254,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref14869" refString="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 1, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Samaai &amp; Gibbons (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, as possessing a ‘surface skeleton of brushes of tylostyles, which are often somewhat smaller than those of the choanosome. Choanosomal skeleton consists variably of single spicules erect on the substrate or bundles running from the substrate to the surface, usually parallel to each other, without any form of anastomosing’ (
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFB78FEA5F90D7F2C" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[1168,1348,260,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refId="ref15901" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Suberitidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera, a guide to the classification of the sponges. Fol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, 1708 pp." type="book" year="2002">Van Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 235).
</paragraph>
<caption id="66D266667E09414CFF7FF833FEB979D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3715678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3715678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3715678/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" startId="28.[151,250,1938,1960]" targetBox="[202,1389,193,1920]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E09414CFF7FF833FEB979D5" blockId="28.[151,1436,1938,2021]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E09414CFF7FF833FD697998" bold="true" box="[151,288,1938,1960]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E09414CFECFF833FE6E7998" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[295,551,1938,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E09414CFECFF833FE6E7998" box="[295,551,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E09414CFDC6F833FE367998" bold="true" box="[558,639,1938,1960]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E09414CFDC6F833FE367998" box="[558,639,1938,1960]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype NIWA 27044, spicules: 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E09414CFC0AF833FFB27998" bold="true" box="[994,1019,1938,1960]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">A,</emphasis>
Choanosomal tylostyle, straight shafted; 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E09414CFF7FF810FCE779F7" bold="true" box="[151,174,1969,1991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">B,</emphasis>
Choanosomal tylostyle, acutely bent in the upper proximal end of the spicule; 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E09414CFC0EF810F84979F7" bold="true" box="[998,1024,1969,1991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C,</emphasis>
Small, possibly ectosomal tylostyle; 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E09414CFA6BF810F9D579F7" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1969,1991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">D,</emphasis>
Choanosomal and ectosomal tylostyles of different lengths.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="66D266667E08414DFF7BFD2CFAED7CF0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E08414DFF7BFD2CFAED7CF0" blockId="29.[147,1803,652,704]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF7BFD2CFD4B7C93" bold="true" box="[147,258,653,675]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
Comparison of species of Southern Ocean 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E08414DFD51FD2DFFF37C93" authority="Topsent" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1896" box="[697,954,652,675]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFD51FD2DFF167C93" box="[697,863,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
Topsent
</taxonomicName>
, as accepted currently in World Porifera Database (WPD) (Van Soest 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DF96BFD2DFAF97C93" box="[1667,1712,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b). Dimensions are taken from the original description of the species; spicule dimensions given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max) µm].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E08414DFF7BFD53FDF0782E" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<table id="40ADC44E7E08BEAFFF7BFD53FB06782E" box="[147,1871,754,1566]" gridcols="6" gridrows="26" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFD53FB067D36" box="[147,1871,754,774]" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFD53FD2D7D36" box="[147,356,754,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF7BFD53FD707D36" bold="true" box="[147,313,754,774]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Locality &amp; depth</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FD53FE917D36" box="[398,728,754,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFE66FD53FE2B7D36" bold="true" box="[398,610,754,774]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Morphology &amp; colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFD53F85F7D36" box="[757,1046,754,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFD1DFD53FF007D36" bold="true" box="[757,841,754,774]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Skeleton</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFD53F9367D36" box="[1076,1407,754,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFBDCFD53F8A77D36" bold="true" box="[1076,1262,754,774]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Spicule dimensions</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FD53F9B57D36" box="[1436,1532,754,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFA74FD53F9B57D36" bold="true" box="[1436,1532,754,774]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Comment</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFCB9FB067D1D" box="[147,1871,792,813]" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFCB9FB067D1D" box="[147,1871,792,813]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E08414DFF7BFCB9FD967D1D" authority="(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887)" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[147,479,792,813]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF7BFCB9FCE87D1D" box="[147,161,792,813]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF44FCB9FCB07D1D" box="[172,249,792,813]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">hyalinus</emphasis>
(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFC9FFB067D62" box="[147,1871,830,850]" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFC9FFD2D7D62" box="[147,356,830,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Southern Chile</th>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FC9FFE917D62" box="[398,728,830,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Massive, amorphous, fragments,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFC9FF85F7D62" box="[757,1046,830,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Ectosome distinctive, tylostyles</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFC9FF9367D62" box="[1076,1407,830,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Tylostyles of variable size with no</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FC9FFB067D62" box="[1436,1871,830,850]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">The authors questioned whether it was</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFCF9FB067D5C" box="[147,1871,856,876]" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FCF9FE917D5C" box="[398,728,856,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">with a glassy or translucent</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFCF9F85F7D5C" box="[757,1046,856,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">strewn throughout dermal</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFCF9F9367D5C" box="[1076,1407,856,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">evidence of differentiation between</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FCF9FB067D5C" box="[1436,1871,856,876]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">“worthwhile to describe a new species on such</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFCD3FB067DB6" box="[147,1871,882,902]" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FCD3FE917DB6" box="[398,728,882,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">appearance; soft, spongy,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFCD3F85F7DB6" box="[757,1046,882,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">membrane, glassy and</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFCD3F9367DB6" box="[1076,1407,882,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">ectosome and choanosome: “the</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FCD3FB067DB6" box="[1436,1871,882,902]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">fragmentary evidence,” but they found it</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFC2DFB067D90" box="[147,1871,908,928]" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FC2DFE917D90" box="[398,728,908,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">cavernous; where not encrusted by</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFC2DF85F7D90" box="[757,1046,908,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">translucent. Choanosome</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFC2DF9367D90" box="[1076,1407,908,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">different sizes are throughout mixed</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FC2DFB067D90" box="[1436,1871,908,928]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">interesting that the spiculation was, “almost</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFC07FB067D8B" box="[147,1871,934,955]" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FC07FE917D8B" box="[398,728,934,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">other organisms, smooth</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFC07F85F7D8B" box="[757,1046,934,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">irregular with loosely disposed</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFC07F9367D8B" box="[1076,1407,934,955]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">up with one another.”</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FC07FB067D8B" box="[1436,1871,934,955]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
exactly that of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E08414DF968FC07FA9C7D8B" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1833" box="[1664,1749,934,955]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DF968FC07FA9C7D8B" box="[1664,1749,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Suberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while other
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFC60FB067DE5" box="[147,1871,961,981]" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFC60F85F7DE5" box="[757,1046,961,981]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">tylostyles of various sizes; a</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFC60F9367DE5" box="[1076,1407,961,981]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">About 1100 µm long, 25 µm thick</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FC60FB067DE5" box="[1436,1871,961,981]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">characters, e.g., the arrangement of the skeleton</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFC7AFB067DDF" box="[147,1871,987,1007]" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFC7AF85F7DDF" box="[757,1046,987,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">few indications of fibres</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFC7AF9367DDF" box="[1076,1407,987,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">300–1136 µm long (Hentschel</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FC7AFB067DDF" box="[1436,1871,987,1007]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">and nature of the ectosome, are totally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFC54FB067A39" box="[147,1871,1013,1033]" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFC54F85F7A39" box="[757,1046,1013,1033]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">running vertically towards the</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFC54F9367A39" box="[1076,1407,1013,1033]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">1 914: 52)</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFA74FC54FB067A39" box="[1436,1871,1013,1033]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">different” (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887: 168).</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFBB1FB067A14" box="[147,1871,1040,1060]" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFBB1F85F7A14" box="[757,1046,1040,1060]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">surface</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFBFCFB067A42" box="[147,1871,1117,1138]" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFBFCFB067A42" box="[147,1871,1117,1138]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E08414DFF7BFBFCFDDF7A42" authority="Topsent, 1913" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1913" box="[147,406,1117,1138]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exalbicans">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF7BFBFCFCE87A42" box="[147,161,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF44FBFCFD477A42" box="[172,270,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">exalbicans</emphasis>
Topsent, 1913
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFB22FB067AA7" box="[147,1871,1155,1175]" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFB22FD2D7AA7" box="[147,356,1155,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Tristan Gough, 183 m</th>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FB22FE917AA7" box="[398,728,1155,1175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Irregular encrusting, spreading form</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFB22F85F7AA7" box="[757,1046,1155,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Ectosome translucent,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFB22F9367AA7" box="[1076,1407,1155,1175]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Tylostyles, two size categories</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFB3CFB067A81" box="[147,1871,1181,1201]" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FB3CFE917A81" box="[398,728,1181,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">incorporating many foreign bodies,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFB3CF85F7A81" box="[757,1046,1181,1201]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">detachable in large flakes.</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFB3CF9367A81" box="[1076,1407,1181,1201]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">recognised:</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFB16FB067AFB" box="[147,1871,1207,1227]" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FB16FE917AFB" box="[398,728,1207,1227]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">sometimes massive with shrivelled</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFB16F85F7AFB" box="[757,1046,1207,1227]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Choanosomal tylostyles are</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFB16F9367AFB" box="[1076,1407,1207,1227]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">340 µm long x 10 µm thick</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFB73FB067AD6" box="[147,1871,1234,1254]" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FB73FE917AD6" box="[398,728,1234,1254]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">lobes and thin, bumpy, obtuse</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFB73F85F7AD6" box="[757,1046,1234,1254]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">loosely arranged in bundles</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFB73F9367AD6" box="[1076,1407,1234,1254]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">130 µm long x 4.5 µm thick</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFB4DFB067B30" box="[147,1871,1260,1280]" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FB4DFE917B30" box="[398,728,1260,1280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">branches that anastomose with their</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFB4DF85F7B30" box="[757,1046,1260,1280]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">which lie obliquely,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFAA7FB067B2A" box="[147,1871,1286,1306]" gridrow="17" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FAA7FE917B2A" box="[398,728,1286,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">neighbours. Oscules not visible</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFAA7F85F7B2A" box="[757,1046,1286,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">terminating in surface bouquets</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFA81FB067B04" box="[147,1871,1312,1332]" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFA81F85F7B04" box="[757,1046,1312,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">that pierce the surface</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFAC0FB067B46" box="[147,1871,1377,1398]" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFAC0FB067B46" box="[147,1871,1377,1398]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E08414DFF7BFAC0FE6B7B46" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[147,546,1377,1398]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="hyalinus" variety="compactus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF7BFAC0FCE87B46" box="[147,161,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFF44FAC0FCB07B46" box="[172,249,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">hyalinus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E08414DFEC0FAC0FDC37B46" box="[296,394,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">compactus</emphasis>
Hentschel, 1914
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFA26FB067BAB" box="[147,1871,1415,1435]" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFA26FD2D7BAB" box="[147,356,1415,1435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Antarctica, 350–385 m</th>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FA26FE917BAB" box="[398,728,1415,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Massive, uniformly rounded, with</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFA26F85F7BAB" box="[757,1046,1415,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Ectosome with tylostyles</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFA26F9367BAB" box="[1076,1407,1415,1435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Tylostyles or styles:</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFA03FB067B86" box="[147,1871,1442,1462]" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FA03FE917B86" box="[398,728,1442,1462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">foreign bodies, comparatively dense</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFA03F85F7B86" box="[757,1046,1442,1462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">tangentially disposed,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFBDCFA03F9367B86" box="[1076,1407,1442,1462]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">300–1136 µm long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFA1DFB067BE0" box="[147,1871,1468,1488]" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FA1DFE917BE0" box="[398,728,1468,1488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">structure, up to 7 cm long. Smooth</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFA1DF85F7BE0" box="[757,1046,1468,1488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">choanosomal tylostyles</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFA77FB067BDA" box="[147,1871,1494,1514]" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFE66FA77FE917BDA" box="[398,728,1494,1514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">surface. Color dirty white. Oscules</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFD1DFA77F85F7BDA" box="[757,1046,1494,1514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">randomly disposed, loose</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BFA51FB067834" box="[147,1871,1520,1540]" gridrow="24" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BFA51FB067834" box="[147,1871,1520,1540]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">4 mm wide, with wide membranous</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E08BEAFFF7BF9ABFB06782E" box="[147,1871,1546,1566]" gridrow="25" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E08BEAFFF7BF9ABFB06782E" box="[147,1871,1546,1566]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">edge</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="66D266667E0B414EFF7BFDCAFD227C4F" box="[147,363,619,639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0B414EFF7BFDCAFD227C4F" blockId="30.[147,363,619,639]" box="[147,363,619,639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFF7BFDCAFCBE7C4F" bold="true" box="[147,247,619,639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0B414EFF7BFD3EFFED7873" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<table id="40ADC44E7E0BBEAFFF7BFD3EFB1B7873" box="[147,1874,671,1603]" colsContinueFrom="22.[147,1877,754,1551]" gridcols="5" gridrows="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFD3EFB1B7C83" box="[147,1874,671,691]" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFD3EFD247C83" box="[147,365,671,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFF7BFD3EFD707C83" bold="true" box="[147,313,671,691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Locality &amp; depth</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FD3EFE8A7C83" box="[398,707,671,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFE66FD3EFE2B7C83" bold="true" box="[398,610,671,691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Morphology &amp; colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFD3EF8517C83" box="[757,1048,671,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFD1DFD3EFF007C83" bold="true" box="[757,841,671,691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Skeleton</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFD3EF9027C83" box="[1076,1355,671,691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFBDCFD3EF8A77C83" bold="true" box="[1076,1262,671,691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Spicule dimensions</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FD3EFB1B7C83" box="[1436,1874,671,691]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFA74FD3EF9B57C83" bold="true" box="[1436,1532,671,691]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Comment</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFD67FB1B7CEB" box="[147,1874,710,731]" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFD67FB1B7CEB" box="[147,1874,710,731]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFF7BFD67FDC97CEB" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[147,384,710,731]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFF7BFD67FCBE7CEB" box="[147,247,710,731]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">P. sulcatus</emphasis>
(Thiele, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFD4AFB1B7D30" box="[147,1874,747,768]" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFD4AFD247D30" box="[147,365,747,768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Cabo de Espiritu Santo,</th>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FD4AFE8A7D30" box="[398,707,747,768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Thinly encrusting mass about 15</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFD4AF8517D30" box="[757,1048,747,768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Choanosomal tylostyles form</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFD4AF9027D30" box="[1076,1355,747,768]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Tylostyles, two size categories</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FD4AFB1B7D30" box="[1436,1874,747,768]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFA74FD4AFACB7D30" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1436,1666,747,768]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFA74FD4AFACB7D30" box="[1436,1666,747,768]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Pseudosuberites sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not conform to
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFCA7FB1B7D2A" box="[147,1874,774,794]" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFCA7FD247D2A" box="[147,365,774,794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Patagonian Shelf</th>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FCA7FE8A7D2A" box="[398,707,774,794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">mm thick, with surface processes</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFCA7F8517D2A" box="[757,1048,774,794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">loose bundles that may be held</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFCA7F9027D2A" box="[1076,1355,774,794]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">recognised:</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FCA7FB1B7D2A" box="[1436,1874,774,794]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">our current understanding of the genus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFCBEFB1B7D04" box="[147,1874,799,820]" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FCBEFE8A7D04" box="[398,707,799,820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">and wrinkles, surface translucent,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFCBEF8517D04" box="[757,1048,799,820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">together in the base by some</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFCBEF9027D04" box="[1076,1355,799,820]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">370 µm long, 12 µm thick</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FCBEFB1B7D04" box="[1436,1874,799,820]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFA74FCBEFA7B7D04" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1896" box="[1436,1586,799,820]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFA74FCBEFA7B7D04" box="[1436,1586,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only suberitid genus with
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFC9AFB1B7D7F" box="[147,1874,827,847]" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FC9AFE8A7D7F" box="[398,707,827,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">body cavernous</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFC9AF8517D7F" box="[757,1048,827,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">spongin. At the surface the</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFC9AF9027D7F" box="[1076,1355,827,847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">175 µm long, 5 µm thick</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FC9AFB1B7D7F" box="[1436,1874,827,847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">an ectosome of tangentially orientated</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFCF5FB1B7D59" box="[147,1874,852,873]" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFCF5F8517D59" box="[757,1048,852,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">spicules are distributed more</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FCF5FB1B7D59" box="[1436,1874,852,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
megascleres. Rather, 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EF9B7FCF5FA8A7D59" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1631,1731,852,873]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EF9B7FCF5FA247D59" box="[1631,1645,852,873]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EF990FCF5FA8A7D59" box="[1656,1731,852,873]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conforms more
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFCCFFB1B7DB3" box="[147,1874,878,899]" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFCCFF8517DB3" box="[757,1048,878,899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">evenly, mostly with the tip</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FCCFFB1B7DB3" box="[1436,1874,878,899]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
closely to 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFA11FCCFFB077DB3" authority="Swartschewsky, 1905" authorityName="Swartschewsky" authorityYear="1905" box="[1529,1870,878,899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFA11FCCFFA367DB3" box="[1529,1663,878,899]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Protosuberites</emphasis>
Swartschewsky, 1905
</taxonomicName>
,
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFC28FB1B7DAD" box="[147,1874,905,925]" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFC28F8517DAD" box="[757,1048,905,925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">turned towards the surface; at</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FC28FB1B7DAD" box="[1436,1874,905,925]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">as diagnosed by Van Soest (2002) and recently</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFC02FB1B7D87" box="[147,1874,931,951]" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFC02F8517D87" box="[757,1048,931,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">the ectosome a smaller</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FC02FB1B7D87" box="[1436,1874,931,951]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">revisited in Van Soest &amp; Kluijver (2003) and</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFC1FFB1B7DE2" box="[147,1874,958,978]" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFC1FF8517DE2" box="[757,1048,958,978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">tylostyle is disposed chiefly in</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FC1FFB1B7DE2" box="[1436,1874,958,978]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Samaai &amp; Gibbons (2005).</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFC79FB1B7DDC" box="[147,1874,984,1004]" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFC79F8517DDC" box="[757,1048,984,1004]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">a radial position, the tips</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFC53FB1B7A36" box="[147,1874,1010,1030]" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFC53F8517A36" box="[757,1048,1010,1030]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">protrude only slightly through</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFBADFB1B7A10" box="[147,1874,1036,1056]" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFBADF8517A10" box="[757,1048,1036,1056]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">the surface</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFB92FB1B7A78" box="[147,1874,1075,1096]" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFB92FB1B7A78" box="[147,1874,1075,1096]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFF7BFB92FDCC7A78" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[147,389,1075,1096]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="digitatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFF7BFB92FCE87A78" box="[147,161,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFF44FB92FCB57A78" box="[172,252,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">digitatus</emphasis>
(Thiele, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFBF9FB1B7A5D" box="[147,1874,1112,1133]" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFBF9FD247A5D" box="[147,365,1112,1133]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Admiralty Sound, Chile</th>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FBF9FE8A7A5D" box="[398,707,1112,1133]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Irregular encrustation on algae,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFBF9F8517A5D" box="[757,1048,1112,1133]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Ectosomal tylostyles are similar</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFBF9F9027A5D" box="[1076,1355,1112,1133]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Tylostyles, two size categories</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FBF9FB1B7A5D" box="[1436,1874,1112,1133]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFA74FBF9FACE7A5D" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1436,1671,1112,1133]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="digitatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFA74FBF9FACE7A5D" box="[1436,1671,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Pseudosuberites digitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conforms more
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFBD2FB1B7AB8" box="[147,1874,1139,1160]" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FBD2FE8A7AB8" box="[398,707,1139,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">partly branched with frequently</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFBD2F8517AB8" box="[757,1048,1139,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
to the previous species (
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFC39FBD2FFAF7AB8" box="[977,998,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">P.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFBD2F9027AB8" box="[1076,1355,1139,1160]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">recognised:</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FBD2FB1B7AB8" box="[1436,1874,1139,1160]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
closely to 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFA11FBD2FB077AB7" authority="Swartschewsky, 1905" authorityName="Swartschewsky" authorityYear="1905" box="[1529,1870,1139,1160]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFA11FBD2FA367AB8" box="[1529,1663,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Protosuberites</emphasis>
Swartschewsky, 1905
</taxonomicName>
,
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFB2CFB1B7A92" box="[147,1874,1165,1186]" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FB2CFE8A7A92" box="[398,707,1165,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">curved, finger-like projections</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFB2CF8517A92" box="[757,1048,1165,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFD1DFB2CFF097A92" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[757,832,1165,1186]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFD1DFB2CFF097A92" box="[757,832,1165,1186]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), i.e., disposed chiefly
</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFB2CF9027A92" box="[1076,1355,1165,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">400 µm long, 7 µm thick</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FB2CFB1B7A92" box="[1436,1874,1165,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">as diagnosed by Van Soest (2002) and recently</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFB09FB1B7A8C" box="[147,1874,1192,1212]" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFB09F8517A8C" box="[757,1048,1192,1212]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">in a radial position, arranged</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFB09F9027A8C" box="[1076,1355,1192,1212]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">170–190 µm long, 5 µm thick</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FB09FB1B7A8C" box="[1436,1874,1192,1212]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">revisited in Van Soest &amp; Kluijver (2003) and</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFB63FB1B7AE6" box="[147,1874,1218,1238]" gridrow="19" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFB63F8517AE6" box="[757,1048,1218,1238]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">between the pores in strongly</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFA74FB63FB1B7AE6" box="[1436,1874,1218,1238]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Samaai &amp; Gibbons (2005).</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFB7DFB1B7AC0" box="[147,1874,1244,1264]" gridrow="20" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFB7DF8517AC0" box="[757,1048,1244,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">diverging bushes. Choanosome</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFB57FB1B7B3B" box="[147,1874,1270,1291]" gridrow="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFB57F8517B3B" box="[757,1048,1270,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
is more structured than in 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFC0CFB57FFBB7B3B" box="[996,1010,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">P</emphasis>
.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFAB1FB1B7B15" box="[147,1874,1296,1317]" gridrow="22" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFAB1F8517B15" box="[757,1048,1296,1317]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFD1DFAB1FF097B15" box="[757,832,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">sulcatus</emphasis>
, especially in the
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFA8AFB1B7B0F" box="[147,1874,1323,1343]" gridrow="23" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFA8AF8517B0F" box="[757,1048,1323,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">branches, and the skeleton is</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFAE4FB1B7B69" box="[147,1874,1349,1369]" gridrow="24" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFAE4F8517B69" box="[757,1048,1349,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">denser and less cavernous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFACDFB1B7BB1" box="[147,1874,1388,1409]" gridrow="25" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFACDFB1B7BB1" box="[147,1874,1388,1409]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0B414EFF7BFACDFD297BB1" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[147,352,1388,1409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nudus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFF7BFACDFCE87BB1" box="[147,161,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0B414EFF44FACDFCAB7BB1" box="[172,226,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">nudus</emphasis>
Koltun, 1964
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFA33FB1B7B96" box="[147,1874,1426,1446]" gridrow="26" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFF7BFA33FD247B96" box="[147,365,1426,1446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Antarctica</th>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FA33FE8A7B96" box="[398,707,1426,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Body globular, lobate, surface</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFA33F8517B96" box="[757,1048,1426,1446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Ectosome composed of small</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFA33F9027B96" box="[1076,1355,1426,1446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Styles to subtylostyles:</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFA0DFB1B7BF0" box="[147,1874,1452,1472]" gridrow="27" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FA0DFE8A7BF0" box="[398,707,1452,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">smooth. Ectosome is thin,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFA0DF8517BF0" box="[757,1048,1452,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">tangential tylostyles;</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFA0DF9027BF0" box="[1076,1355,1452,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">1300–2000 µm long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFA67FB1B7BEA" box="[147,1874,1478,1498]" gridrow="28" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FA67FE8A7BEA" box="[398,707,1478,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">parchment-like, easily separable.</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFA67F8517BEA" box="[757,1048,1478,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">choanosome composed of</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFA67F9027BEA" box="[1076,1355,1478,1498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">27–52 µm wide</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFA40FB1B7BC5" box="[147,1874,1505,1525]" gridrow="29" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFE66FA40FE8A7BC5" box="[398,707,1505,1525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Sponge flaccid, elastic, cavernous</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFA40F8517BC5" box="[757,1048,1505,1525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">branched fibres of large styles,</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFA40F9027BC5" box="[1076,1355,1505,1525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Tylostyles:</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BFA5AFB1B783F" box="[147,1874,1531,1551]" gridrow="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DFA5AF851783F" box="[757,1048,1531,1551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">among which isolated</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCFA5AF902783F" box="[1076,1355,1531,1551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">400–1200 µm long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BF9B4FB1B7819" box="[147,1874,1557,1577]" gridrow="31" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DF9B4F8517819" box="[757,1048,1557,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">tylostyles bundles are scattered</td>
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFBDCF9B4F9027819" box="[1076,1355,1557,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">8–20 µm wide</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C9D34AC7E0BBEAFFF7BF98EFB1B7873" box="[147,1874,1583,1603]" gridrow="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="CF4C5DD07E0BBEAFFD1DF98EF8517873" box="[757,1048,1583,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">in a disorderly way</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0A414FFF2FFE86FE427D6D" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFF2FFE86FDC17F70" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[199,392,295,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refId="ref12449" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 37, 105 pp." type="book" year="1968">Bergquist (1968)</bibRefCitation>
followed 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFE17FE89FEE87F70" author="Burton, M." box="[511,673,296,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="331 - 335" refId="ref12775" refString="Burton, M. (1930) Report on a collection of sponges from South Georgia and from Campbell Island, South Pacific, obtained by Dr Kohl-Larsen. Senckenbergiana, 12, 331 - 335." type="journal article" year="1930">Burton (1930)</bibRefCitation>
in also relegating the 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFC40FE89F8097F70" box="[936,1088,295,320]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFB4DFE86F93F7F70" authorityName="Brøndsted" authorityYear="1924" box="[1189,1398,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFB4DFE86F93F7F70" box="[1189,1398,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Suberites ramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFA6FFE89FD617F54" authorityName="Brøndsted" authorityYear="1924" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anastomosus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFA6FFE89F9DC7F0F" box="[1415,1429,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF7FFEECFD617F54" box="[151,296,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">anastomosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFE84FEECFE4A7F54" box="[364,515,333,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE84FEECFD337F54" box="[364,378,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE67FEECFE4A7F54" box="[399,515,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">incrustans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFD16FEECFF357F55" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[766,892,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD16FEECFF457F54" box="[766,780,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFCC9FEEDFF357F55" box="[801,892,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These three species were first described by Brøndsted (1924) from the shallow subtidal in Perseverance Harbour on Campbell Island, Subantarctic Island region of 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFEEAFE34FDD27F9D" box="[258,411,404,429]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. Burton’s 1930 concept of 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFD2DFE35FF347F9D" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1896" box="[709,893,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD2DFE35FF347F9D" box="[709,893,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was that the ectosomal skeleton could vary from tangential to oblique to a palisade, all three dispositions being visible in a single specimen of what he called 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFA6FFE18FCBA7FC5" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFA6FFE18F9DC7FE0" box="[1415,1429,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF7FFE7DFCBA7FC5" box="[151,243,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Campbell Island and 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFDCCFE7DFE8F7FC5" box="[548,710,476,501]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFD3CFE7DFF2F7FC4" author="Burton, M." box="[724,870,476,500]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="331 - 335" refId="ref12775" refString="Burton, M. (1930) Report on a collection of sponges from South Georgia and from Campbell Island, South Pacific, obtained by Dr Kohl-Larsen. Senckenbergiana, 12, 331 - 335." type="journal article" year="1930">Burton 1930</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFC04FE7DF8F37FC4" authorityName="Brøndsted" authorityYear="1924" box="[1004,1210,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFC04FE7DF8F37FC4" box="[1004,1210,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Suberites ramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFB18FE7CF9D57FC4" authorityName="Brøndsted" authorityYear="1924" box="[1264,1436,477,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anastomosus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFB18FE7CF8B77FC4" box="[1264,1278,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFAE3FE7CF9D57FC4" box="[1291,1436,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">anastomosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strongly confirm to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFE1BFE5EFEDE7C28" authorityName="Swartschewsky" authorityYear="1905" box="[499,663,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE1BFE5EFEDE7C28" box="[499,663,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Protosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described above and should be transferred there: The surface of both species is described by Brøndsted (1924) as having ‘a dermal membrane (that) seems to be sustained by a layer of smaller spicules at an oblique angle, lying with the apices outwards directed, often appearing as tufts, continuing the spicule fibres’ (
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFE17FDCCFE377CB4" authorityName="Brøndsted" authorityYear="1924" box="[511,638,621,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE17FDCCFE447CB4" box="[511,525,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFDF7FDCCFE377CB4" box="[543,638,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">ramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and ‘a dermal membrane sustained by rather compact and closely placed spicule tufts, directed more or less perpendicular to the surface; the small tylostyles compose mainly the tufts, the bigger one mainly the fibres’ (
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFDBFFD14FF4C7CFC" authorityName="Brøndsted" authorityYear="1924" box="[599,773,693,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anastomosus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFDBFFD14FE2C7CFC" box="[599,613,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD9CFD14FF4C7CFC" box="[628,773,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">anastomosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFCF4FD15F8497CFC" box="[796,1024,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFCF4FD15F8497CFC" box="[796,1024,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Suberites incrustans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, currently accepted as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFF7FFD78FE7F7CC0" authority="(Van Soest et al. 2018 a)" authorityName="Van Soest" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[151,566,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF7FFD78FCEC7CC0" box="[151,165,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF5EFD76FD5B7CC0" box="[182,274,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">sulcatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFECBFD79FE667CC0" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Schonberg, C. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Picton, B. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R." box="[291,559,727,752]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refId="ref17128" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. - C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R. (2018 a) World Porifera database. Suberites incrustans Brondsted, 1924. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 194127 (accessed 21 June 2017)" type="url" year="2018">
Van Soest 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE49FD78FD9C7CC0" box="[417,469,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">et al</emphasis>
. 2018a
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, is quite different from the other two species, and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFB6DFD78F8B67CC0" box="[1157,1279,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFB6DFD78F8DA7CC0" box="[1157,1171,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFB4CFD76F8B67CC0" box="[1188,1279,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it lacks a discernible ectosomal skeleton. Without direct examination of the specimen, this species is unrecognisable within 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFF7FFCBEFD537D08" box="[151,282,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Suberitidae</taxonomicName>
, except for possible affinity with 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFD7DFCBEFF827D08" authority="Topsent, 1893" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1893" box="[661,971,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD7DFCBEFF6A7D08" box="[661,803,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Prosuberites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFCC4FC81FF827D08" author="Topsent, E." box="[812,971,800,824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="10" refId="ref15592" refString="Topsent, E. (1893) Nouvelle serie de diagnoses d'eponges de Roscoff et de Banyuls. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et Generale, Series 3, 1 (Notes et Revue 10), xxxiii-xliii." type="journal article" year="1893">Topsent, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
whose species are very thinly encrusting with no ectosomal specialisation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0A414FFF2FFCC6F8707BD5" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0A414FFF2FFCC6FD9F7A68" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFF2FFCC6FDA97DB0" ID-CoL="84SZD" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,480,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF2FFCC6FDA97DB0" box="[199,480,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE0FFCC6FE097DB0" bold="true" box="[487,576,871,896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0A414FFE0FFCC6FE097DB0" box="[487,576,871,896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs considerably from the shallow-water sponges described as 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFACDFCC8F9D57DB0" ID-CoL="4PCFF" box="[1317,1436,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFACDFCC8F97A7DB0" box="[1317,1331,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFAA8FCC6F9D57DB0" box="[1344,1436,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFF56FC2DFDCC7D95" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[190,389,908,933]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" refId="ref12449" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 37, 105 pp." type="book" year="1968">Bergquist (1968)</bibRefCitation>
: the tylostyles in 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFDB1FC2CFE9F7D95" ID-CoL="84SZD" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[601,726,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="thurberi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFDB1FC2CFE2E7D94" box="[601,615,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD92FC2DFE9F7D95" box="[634,726,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD09FC2DFF777D95" bold="true" box="[737,830,908,933]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0A414FFD09FC2DFF777D95" box="[737,830,908,933]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are about 200 µm longer, the ectosome is strongly tangential (vertically disposed in Bergquist’s specimens), and they are restricted geographically to the Hikurangi Margin where they occur between depths of 
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0A414FFD48FC75FF7A7DDC" box="[672,819,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="900.0">900–1100 m</quantity>
. The new species is also differentiated from the 
<typeStatus id="ED16884C7E0A414FFA84FC74F9D57DDD" box="[1388,1436,981,1005]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">type</typeStatus>
species, 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFF14FC58FD377A20" ID-CoL="4PCF2" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[252,382,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF14FC58FD437A20" box="[252,266,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFEF7FC56FD377A20" box="[287,382,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">hyalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFE29FC58FF817A20" ID-CoL="5QZB2" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[449,968,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="hyalinus" variety="compactus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE29FC58FD867A20" box="[449,463,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFE0BFC56FE0B7A20" box="[483,578,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">hyalinus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD6EFC58FEB77A20" box="[646,766,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">compactus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFCE4FC56FF817A20" author="Hentschel, E." box="[780,968,1015,1040]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref13433" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141." type="journal article" year="1914">Hentschel, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(both from 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFB8AFC56F8EA7A20" box="[1122,1187,1015,1040]" name="Chile" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Chile</collectingCountry>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFB1BFC58F9117A20" ID-CoL="4PCF9" box="[1267,1368,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nudus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFB1BFC58F9487A20" box="[1267,1281,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFAFDFC56F9117A20" box="[1301,1368,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">nudus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFF7FFBBDFD467A05" box="[151,271,1052,1077]" name="Antarctica" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
, on the much larger size of the spicules in these three species, being well over 1000 µm long (
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFACCFBBCF9D57A05" ID-CoL="84SZD" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[1316,1436,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="thurberi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFACCFBBCF97B7A04" box="[1316,1330,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFAA8FBBDF9D57A05" box="[1344,1436,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF7FFB9EFCB97A68" bold="true" box="[151,240,1087,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0A414FFF7FFB9EFCB97A68" box="[151,240,1087,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: max 530 µm long).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0A414FFF2FFBC5F8707BD5" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
The only species that approaches 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFDBCFBC4FE997A4D" ID-CoL="84SZD" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[596,720,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="thurberi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFDBCFBC4FE2B7A4C" box="[596,610,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD9CFBC5FE997A4D" box="[628,720,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0A414FFD33FBC5FF7E7A4C" box="[731,823,1124,1149]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD33FBC5FF787A4D" bold="true" box="[731,817,1124,1149]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, at least in terms of spicule length, is 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFAECFBC4FD7D7A90" ID-CoL="6WHTZ" authority="Topsent, 1913" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1913" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exalbicans">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFAECFBC4F95B7A4C" box="[1284,1298,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFACCFBC5F9D57A4D" box="[1316,1436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">exalbicans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFF7FFB29FD7D7A90" author="Topsent, E." box="[151,308,1160,1184]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="579 - 643" refId="ref15701" refString="Topsent, E. (1913) Spongiaires de l'Expedition Antarctique Nationale Ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 49 (3), 579 - 643." type="journal article" year="1913">Topsent, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the South Atlantic Ocean, with spicules that range from 130–340 µm long (
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFB55FB28F97C7A90" ID-CoL="84SZD" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[1213,1333,1159,1184]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="thurberi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFB55FB28F8827A90" box="[1213,1227,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFB31FB26F97C7A90" box="[1241,1333,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFAD3FB26F9DD7A90" bold="true" box="[1339,1428,1159,1184]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0A414FFAD3FB26F9DD7A90" box="[1339,1428,1159,1184]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 291 (134–530) µm long), but it has a thickly encrusting, spreading form with a deeply wrinkled, furrowed surface. The only other 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFEA7FB71FDA07AD8" box="[335,489,1231,1256]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species known (with certainty) to inhabit deep 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFBF5FB71F8FE7AD8" box="[1053,1207,1231,1256]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and South Atlantic waters is 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFEEAFB55FF7F7B3C" ID-CoL="SSJT" authority="Rios, Kelly &amp; Vacelet, 2011" authorityName="Rios, Kelly &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="2011" box="[258,822,1268,1293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cercicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFEEAFB55FDA67B3D" box="[258,495,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Cercicladia australis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="563C4B1F7E0A414FFE1EFB55FF7F7B3C" author="Rios, P. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Vacelet, J." box="[502,822,1268,1293]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" pagination="52 - 62" refId="ref14725" refString="Rios, P., Kelly, M. &amp; Vacelet, J. (2011) Cercicladia australis, a new carnivorous sponge with novel chelae from the Tasman Basin and the Argentine Patagonian Margin (Porifera, Cladorhizidae). Zootaxa, 3131 (1), 52 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3131.1.3" type="journal article" year="2011">Rios, Kelly &amp; Vacelet, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a remarkable carnivorous sponge that has been found in only two subpolar locations on either side of the globe, on the Macquarie Ridge to the southwest of 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFAEFFAB9F9D57B00" box="[1287,1436,1303,1328]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0A414FFF76FA9DFD747B64" box="[158,317,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.234" metricValueMax="1.408" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="m" value="1234.0" valueMax="1408.0" valueMin="1060.0">1060–1408 m</quantity>
) and off 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFE4CFA9DFE747B65" box="[420,573,1340,1365]" name="Argentina" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">the Argentine</collectingCountry>
coast of Patagonia (
<quantity id="F5559B0B7E0A414FFCCBFA9DFF8A7B64" box="[803,963,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4365" metricValueMax="1.728" metricValueMin="1.145" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="m" value="1436.5" valueMax="1728.0" valueMin="1145.0">1145–1728 m</quantity>
). The authors expressed confidence in the disjunct distribution because the diagnostic spicules are unique globally and very easily recognizable. This is not the case for 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFEDCFA25FE1F7BAD" ID-CoL="84SZD" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[308,598,1412,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFEDCFA25FE1F7BAD" box="[308,598,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD8CFA25FE8D7BAD" bold="true" box="[612,708,1412,1437]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0A414FFD8CFA25FE8D7BAD" box="[612,708,1412,1437]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFCE1FA24FFC27BAD" box="[777,907,1412,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albicans">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFCE1FA24FF5E7BAC" box="[777,791,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFCC4FA25FFC27BAD" box="[812,907,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">albicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have identical megasclere 
<typeStatus id="ED16884C7E0A414FFAD8FA24F9277BAD" box="[1328,1390,1413,1437]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">types</typeStatus>
, no diagnostic microscleres and non-specialised skeletons. 
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFD15FA06F85E7BF0" ID-CoL="84SZD" authority="Kelly &amp; Rowden, 2019" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Rowden" authorityYear="2019" box="[765,1047,1447,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFD15FA06F85E7BF0" box="[765,1047,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Pseudosuberites thurberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFBF5FA06F83F7BF0" bold="true" box="[1053,1142,1447,1472]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BEA57877E0A414FFBF5FA06F83F7BF0" box="[1053,1142,1447,1472]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is the first accurate record of the genus in 
<collectingCountry id="4ABA767E7E0A414FFEACFA6CFD907BD5" box="[324,473,1484,1509]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
waters and inhabits a highly specialised environment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AB765657E0A414FFF2FFA4EF8B37935" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="description">
<paragraph id="321236EE7E0A414FFF2FFA4EF8B37935" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="F5AD4D6D7E0A414FFF2FFA4EFD367838" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1896" box="[199,383,1519,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00D9EAFC7E0A414FFF2FFA4EFD367838" box="[199,383,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Pseudosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are thinly to thickly encrusting with lobes and digits. The skeletons of encrusting species are usually confused, or with loosely constructed tracts of megascleres diverging from the base, spreading at the surface and extending just beyond the dermal membrane, which consists of a layer of tangentially disposed spicules. The development of lobes is usually accompanied by some degree of axial compression in the lobe. The thinner the specimen, the simpler the skeleton. Megascleres are always subtylostyles to tylostyles in two loosely differentiated categories, the larger forming the choanosomal tracts and the smaller forming the tangential ectosome. It will be important in the future to conduct a careful study of the species in this broadly defined genus, in which subgroups are currently not clear, but such a study is beyond the scope of this contribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>