469 lines
60 KiB
XML
469 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="88C5D98155EE3628891EA59D68691D76" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.14661935" ID-ISSN="0073-134X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14661935" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1736983887553" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Austin Daniel Rubinoff, Kyhl A. & nov, sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp." docDate="2024" docId="8B7687A1E735D97BFF47DC57EFE2FB3E" docLanguage="en" docName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.56.29-59.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 56" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2.2:PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2" docStyleName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Bactra omoomoo Rubinoff & nov, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="774FFFD9E73CD976FF86D903EE7DFFEF" masterDocTitle="Nine New Species of Hawaiian Leaf-roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Including One Probably Extinct Species" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1736984671831" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="045230996E6A2491DC35160CFCEA7BB6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5D76B6DF745E130D5DADD49436FEBDFE">
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<mods:title id="C704279C90E5D357DFB79B9EBEB41AEB">Nine New Species of Hawaiian Leaf-roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Including One Probably Extinct Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D073D9F0C1FDCAF214D5D8D4CA292B28" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7FAFACFDE61E99408615A0F193CEEBA4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C9CCF0973B0F29CC67BA988B9F8E349C">Austin Daniel Rubinoff, Kyhl A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D3528BA80CDAD30EFCE7E117A233A5C6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3D6E8F6F34F41E295266FDC36880CC45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="90AAA51CCBAC4B1935594A48DF14FAA0">nov, sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="16B9CEF00C70BBF1F0326079DC1A481D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="615324D14CBD850995959B65E7EB8C78">
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<mods:title id="134DEEC880912EC1B9B216CC9E731106">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FA81D369C78E72DDF7F300F77685C1B0">
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<mods:date id="E81A8FA91DAE71BF5979AFCFAFA78ACE">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="047C9A1A9557D3FB97789471942EF468" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FAF1785283FCAE9F0AA24A318C8D6057">56</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D836275ECA1ABB16A8EECBDA7AC62161">29</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="8F553C908FD856056CDA0C5E3B5B7C4E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="794EAFE8AC0D080AB66CC95587B03EF8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.14661935</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2B73BD819848221F101DD441F44291E2" type="ISSN">0073-134X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AAA0C3D40B97F8F9DB0D81F533D3D3DF" type="Zenodo-Dep">14661935</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8B7687A1E735D97BFF47DC57EFE2FB3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B7687A1E735D97BFF47DC57EFE2FB3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B7687A1E735D97BFF47DC57EFE2FB3E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE735D97FFF47DC57EF82FA82" box="[193,511,1364,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E735D97FFF47DC57EF82FA82" blockId="9.[144,561,1364,1572]" box="[193,511,1364,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="582881DBE735D97FFF47DC57EF82FA82" bold="true" box="[193,511,1364,1389]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFF47DC57EF82FA82" bold="true" box="[193,511,1364,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E735D97FFF47DC57EFEEFA82" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[193,403,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omoomoo" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFF47DC57EFEEFA82" bold="true" box="[193,403,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Bactra omoomoo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A9857DEE735D97FFE27DC57EF82FA82" box="[417,511,1364,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE735D97FFF6EDC77EDA7FA27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E735D97FFF6EDC77EDA7FA27" blockId="9.[144,561,1364,1572]" lastBlockId="9.[592,1010,1122,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E735D97FFF6EDC77EF20FA64" box="[232,349,1396,1420]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,217,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[144,1004,144,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[144,1008,144,1008]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Olethreutinae adults. A. Bactra iomolybda, ♂, Hawaiʻi (UHIM). B. Bactra iomolybda, ♀, Hawaiʻi (HDOA). C. Bactra omoomoo, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM). D. Bactra omoomoo, paratype, ♀, Oʻahu (BPBM). E. Bactra?straminea, ♂, Maui (UHIM). F. Bactra?straminea, ♂, Molokaʻi (UHIM). G. Eccoptocera kualii, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM). H. Eccoptocera kualii, paratype, ♀, Oʻahu (UHIM). I. Eccoptocera iwipookua, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). J. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). K. Eccoptocera iwipookua,paratype,♀,Kauaʻi(UHIM). L. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). M. Eccoptocera kukona, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM).N. Eccoptocera kukona,paratype,♀,Kauaʻi(UHIM).O. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). P. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661937/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Figs. 1C, D</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E735D97FFEE1DC77EFFBFA63" box="[359,390,1396,1420]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[144,217,1275,1299]" captionTargetBox="[160,1004,169,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[144,1008,144,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Bactra male genitalia. A. Bactra iomolybda, KAA diss. #0767, Hawaiʻi (UHIM). Top arrow indicates the lower number of spines on the intermediate lobe as compared to B.?straminea. Bottom arrow indicates the additional row of spines on the sacculus as compared to B.?straminea. B. Bactra omoomoo, paratype, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0878 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the densely packed, regularly spaced, spinelike setae along lateral margin of intermediate lobe. C. Bactra?straminea, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0797 (UHIM). Top arrow indicates the higher number of spines on the intermediate lobe as compared to B. iomolybda. Bottom arrow indicates the absences of the additional row of spines on the sacculus compared to B. iomolybda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661943/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">3B</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E735D97FFE17DC77EFCDFA64" box="[401,432,1396,1419]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="8.[144,217,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[157,1008,144,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[144,1008,144,1062]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 7. Bactra and Eccoptocera female genitalia. A. Bactra iomolybda, Hawaiʻi, KAA diss.#1165 (HDOA). Top arrow indicates the well-sclerotized, tunnel-like ostium of this species. Bottom arrow indicates the minute signum of this species. B. Bactra omoomoo, paratype, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #1224 (BPBM). Top arrow indicates the deep, V-shaped, open-faced ostium of this species. Bottom arrow indicates the large signum of this species. C. Bactra?straminea, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0617 (UHIM). Top arrow indicates a unique, split sterigma (but see comments under B. iomolybda regarding the identity of the B. straminea species complex). Bottom arrow indicates the large signum of this species. D. Eccoptocera kualii, paratype, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0979 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the triangular tooth-like process partially obscuring the ostium of this species. E. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, Kauaʻi, KAA diss. #1104 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the absence of any process obscuring the ostium of this species. F. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, Kauaʻi, KAA diss. #1098 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the slight thickening of the right side of the ostium, which is typically noticeable in slide-mounted specimens but is also present in E. foetorivorans (Butler)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661953/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">7B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E735D97FFE3CDC77EFAAFA63" box="[442,471,1396,1420]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[144,216,1279,1303]" captionTargetBox="[144,1008,144,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[144,1008,144,1262]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. A. Live Bactra omoomoo, ♂, Oʻahu. B. Live Eccoptocera kukona,♂,Kauaʻi. C. Live Pararrhaptica huihui, ♂, Kauaʻi. D. Spheterista hoihoi, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661957/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">9A</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFF2EDC91EF65FA45" bold="true" box="[168,280,1426,1450]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E735D97FFEA4DC90EFA7FA45" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,474,1427,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omoomoo">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFEA4DC90EFA7FA45" box="[290,474,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Bactra omoomoo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Oʻahu) can be distinguished from other species of
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E735D97FFF2ADCD3EE8FFA08" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1834" box="[172,242,1488,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFF2ADCD3EE8FFA08" box="[172,242,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Bactra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingRegion id="C11BF855E735D97FFE92DCCCEF1EFA08" box="[276,355,1487,1511]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
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by the combination of its large size and distinctive dark brown forewing scaling with blue-gray strigulae. Males can be distinguished from other species of Hawaiian
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E735D97FFC0BDD82EDAEFB77" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1834" box="[909,979,1153,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFC0BDD82EDAEFB77" box="[909,979,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Bactra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the much wider cucullus and the densely packed, regularly spaced, spine-like setae along lateral margin of intermediate lobe (typically fewer and more irregularly spaced in members of the
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E735D97FFCECDC1AED8DFADF" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[874,1008,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFCECDC1AED05FADF" box="[874,888,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFC0FDC1AED8DFADF" box="[905,1008,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">straminea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex). Females can be distinguished by the deep, weakly sclerotized, V-shaped ostium, which is much shallower, more rounded, and often well-defined in members of the
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E735D97FFD72DCB2ED0AFA27" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[756,887,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFD72DCB2ED7FFA27" box="[756,770,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFC96DCB2ED0AFA27" box="[784,887,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">straminea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE735D97DFDEEDCCCED2FFF09" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="036036B7E735D97FFDEEDCCCED8FF9CB" blockId="9.[592,1010,1122,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFDEEDCCCED75FA08" bold="true" box="[616,776,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="B3B73CEAE735D97FFC96DCCCED8FF9CB" collectingDate="2022-11-25" collectingDateMax="2022-11-26" collectingDateMin="2022-11-25" elevation="770" latitude="21.5304" location="Forest Reserve" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.9202" municipality="Poamoho Cabin" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E735D97FFC96DCCCEDACFA08" bold="true" box="[784,977,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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||
<typeStatus id="DC648815E735D97FFC96DCCCED0AFA08" box="[784,887,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Oʻahu:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE735D97FFC5FDCCCED91FA09" box="[985,1004,1487,1510]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
, ʻEwa
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||
<location id="0600606CE735D97FFD09DCEDED4DF9EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B7687A1E735D97BFF47DC57EFE2FB3E:0600606CE735D97FFD09DCEDED4DF9EA" box="[655,816,1518,1541]" latitude="21.5304" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.9202" municipality="Poamoho Cabin" name="Forest Reserve" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Forest Reserve</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="E304ACCDE735D97FFCB8DCEEED96F9EA" box="[830,1003,1517,1541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Poamoho Cabin</collectingMunicipality>
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||
;
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<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E735D97FFDD6DF0FECDEF9CB" box="[592,675,1548,1572]" degrees="21.5304" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" precision="5" value="21.5304">21.5304</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E735D97FFD2FDF0FED6DF9CB" box="[681,784,1548,1572]" degrees="157.9202" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" precision="5" value="-157.9202">-157.9202</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
|
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<quantity id="C4279B52E735D97FFC90DF0FED2EF9CB" box="[790,851,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="770.0">
|
||
<elevation id="88F2D184E735D97FFC90DF0FED2EF9CB" box="[790,851,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="770.0">770m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
;
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||
<date id="77611077E735D97FFCDCDF0FED93F9CB" box="[858,1006,1548,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" value="2022-11-25" valueMax="2022-11-26" valueMin="2022-11-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6725E99FE735D97FFCDCDF0FED93F9CB" box="[858,1006,1548,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" value="2022-11-25" valueMax="2022-11-26" valueMin="2022-11-25">25–26 xi 2022</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="57A0663FE736D97CFF16DDFCEE93FABB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14661957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661957/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" startId="10.[144,216,1279,1303]" targetBox="[144,1008,144,1262]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="036036B7E736D97CFF16DDFCEE93FABB" blockId="10.[144,1010,1279,1364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E736D97CFF16DDFCEE92FAF8" bold="true" box="[144,239,1279,1303]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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A. Live
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E736D97CFEC5DC03EF8CFAF8" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[323,497,1280,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omoomoo">
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||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E736D97CFEC5DC03EF8CFAF8" box="[323,497,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Bactra omoomoo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ♂, Oʻahu. B. Live
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<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E736D97CFD29DC03EDFDFAF7" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[687,896,1280,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eccoptocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kukona">
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<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E736D97CFD29DC03EDFDFAF7" box="[687,896,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Eccoptocera kukona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ♂, Kauaʻi. C. Live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E736D97CFF62DC1DEFBFFAD9" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[228,450,1310,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Pararrhaptica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huihui">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E736D97CFF62DC1DEFBFFAD9" box="[228,450,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Pararrhaptica huihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, Kauaʻi. D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E736D97CFDE6DC1DED60FAD9" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[608,797,1310,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Spheterista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoihoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E736D97CFDE6DC1DED60FAD9" box="[608,797,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Spheterista hoihoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E736D97DFF16DC8DEF0EF9F1" blockId="10.[144,560,1422,1567]" lastBlockId="11.[144,563,143,1566]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
K. A. Austin, K. Faccenda, D. Cuthrell; UVLED light sheet / DNA extraction KA0727 / KAA diss. #0956 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E736D97CFE5EDCC8EC58FA0C" box="[472,549,1483,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E736D97CFF16DCEAEE82F9EE" bold="true" box="[144,255,1513,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC648815E736D97CFF16DCEAEE82F9EE" box="[144,255,1513,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE736D97CFE89DCEAEF33F9EE" box="[271,334,1513,1537]" count="84" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="male">84♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE736D97CFEDDDCEAEFF6F9EE" box="[347,395,1513,1537]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
): Oʻahu:
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE736D97CFE69DCEAEC51F9EE" box="[495,556,1513,1537]" count="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="male">10♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC648815E736D97CFE9DDF04EF08F9F0" box="[283,373,1543,1567]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
/ DNA extraction KA0726 / KAA diss. #0955 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E736D97CFC11DC8FED99FA4B" box="[919,996,1420,1444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE736D97CFDD6DCA8ECFEFA2C" box="[592,643,1451,1475]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, ʻEwa Forest Reserve, Poamoho Trail;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E736D97CFD14DCCAEC9CFA0E" box="[658,737,1481,1505]" degrees="21.5331" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="21.5331">21.5331</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E736D97CFD68DCCAED24FA0E" box="[750,857,1481,1505]" degrees="157.9254" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-157.9254">–157.9254</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E736D97CFCE0DCCAEDDFFA0E" box="[870,930,1481,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="705.0">705m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E736D97CFC36DCCAECDFF9EF" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" value="2022-11-25" valueMax="2022-11-26" valueMin="2022-11-25">25–26 xi 2022</date>
|
||
; K. A. Austin, K. Faccenda, D. Cuthrell; UV bucket trap (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E736D97CFCEBDF05EDC4F9F1" box="[877,953,1542,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE736D97CFC4BDF05ED96F9F1" box="[973,1003,1542,1566]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, ʻEwa Forest Reserve, K[oʻolau] S[ummit] T[rail] S of Poamoho Cabin;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFE51D9ADEC51FF29" box="[471,556,174,198]" degrees="21.5286" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="21.5286">21.5286</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFF16D9CFEE88FF0B" box="[144,245,204,228]" degrees="157.9202" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-157.9202">-157.9202</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFE84D9CFEF42FF0B" box="[258,319,204,228]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="760.0">760m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFECAD9CFEF95FF0B" box="[332,488,204,228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2022-11-25" valueMax="2022-11-26" valueMin="2022-11-25">25–26 xi 2022</date>
|
||
; K. A. Austin, K. Faccenda, D. Cuthrell; UV bucket trap (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE9BD80AEF16FECE" box="[285,363,265,289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE07D80AEFCEFECE" box="[385,435,265,289]" count="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">8♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as previous except
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFEE3D824EFC4FED0" box="[357,441,295,319]" degrees="21.5270" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="21.527">21.5270</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFE40D824EC51FED0" box="[454,556,295,319]" degrees="157.9198" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-157.9198">-157.9198</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFF16D845EEB1FEB1" box="[144,204,326,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="775.0">775m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFF67D845EF49FEB1" box="[225,308,326,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFECDD845EFFDFEB1" box="[331,384,326,350]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">3♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Koʻolau Mts., Poamoho Trail cabin;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFE17D867EFA3FE93" box="[401,478,356,380]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9248" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="ft" value="2600.0">2600ft</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFE68D867EEB9FE74" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="1978-12-15">15 xii 1978</date>
|
||
; F. G. Howarth (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFEF5D880EFC2FE74" box="[371,447,387,411]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE57D880EF93FE74" box="[465,494,387,411]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same as previous except
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFED4D8A2EF8BFE56" box="[338,502,417,441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="1978-12-15" valueMax="1978-12-16" valueMin="1978-12-15">15 – 16 xii 1978</date>
|
||
; F. G. Howarth, S. L. Montgomery (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE5ED8C3EC58FE37" box="[472,549,448,472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFF16D8DDEEB9FE19" box="[144,196,478,502]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Poamoho Cabin,
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFE13D8DDEF9DFE19" box="[405,480,478,502]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="ft" value="2500.0">2500ft</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFE69D8DDEEB9FDFB" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="1978-12-16">16 xii 1978</date>
|
||
; S. L. Montgomery (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE10D8FFEF9FFDFB" box="[406,482,508,532]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE77D8FFEC51FDFB" box="[497,556,508,532]" count="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">11♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Koʻolau Mts., Poamoho Trail shelter;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFF16DB3AEEB0FDBE" box="[144,205,569,593]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="760.0">760m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFF52DB3AEF3FFDBE" box="[212,322,569,593]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="1977-12-17">17xii1977</date>
|
||
;F.G.Howarth (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE5BDB3AEC55FDBE" box="[477,552,569,593]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFF16DB5BEEBFFD9F" box="[144,194,600,624]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Kōnāhuanui;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFED0DB54EFE2FD80" box="[342,415,599,623]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.46404" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="ft" value="3105.0">3105 ft</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFE2FDB5BEC74FD9F" box="[425,521,599,624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="1998-01-24">24 i 1998</date>
|
||
; M. Heddle, C. Chimera; black light (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE5DDB75EC55FD61" box="[475,552,630,654]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFF16DB97EED3FD43" box="[144,174,660,684]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, ʻEwa Forest Reserve, Mānana Ridge, along fenceline;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFED3DBB0EFD2FD24" box="[341,431,691,715]" degrees="21.4491" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="21.4491">21.4491</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFE39DBB1EC51FD25" box="[447,556,690,714]" degrees="157.8917" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-157.8917">-157.8917</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFF16DBD2EEB1FD06" box="[144,204,721,745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="545.0">545m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFF51DBD2EF00FD06" box="[215,381,721,745]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2021-11-24" valueMax="2021-11-25" valueMin="2021-11-24">24 – 25 xi 2021</date>
|
||
; K. A. Austin, K. Faccenda; UVLED light sheet / DNA extraction KA0391 / KAA diss. #0654 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFF1EDA2FEE97FCAB" box="[152,234,812,836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE86DA2FEF48FCAB" box="[256,309,812,836]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Honolulu Watershed F[orest] R[eserve], K[oʻolau] S[ummit] T[rail] W of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C11BF855E737D97DFE94DA6AEF1FFC6E" box="[274,354,873,897]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Loa Ridge summit;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFF16DA84EE9CFC70" box="[144,225,903,927]" degrees="21.3245" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="21.3245">21.3245</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFF68DA84EF2CFC70" box="[238,337,903,927]" degrees="157.7420" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-157.742">-157.7420</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFED9DA84EFE7FC70" box="[351,410,903,927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="755.0">755m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFE21DA8BEC50FC4F" box="[423,557,903,928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2022-09-03" valueMax="2022-09-04" valueMin="2022-09-03">3–4 ix 2022</date>
|
||
; K. A. Austin, K. Faccenda; [UV] bucket trap (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFF42DAC7EF6DFC33" box="[196,272,964,988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE9BDAC7EF21FC33" box="[285,348,964,988]" count="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">30♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, HonoluluWatershed F[orest] R[eserve],
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C11BF855E737D97DFED8DAE0EFCDFC14" box="[350,432,995,1019]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Loa Ridge, nr. summit;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFE9FDD02EF11FBF6" box="[281,364,1025,1049]" degrees="21.3233" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="21.3233">21.3233</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFEFCDD02EF9DFBF6" box="[378,480,1025,1049]" degrees="157.7420" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-157.742">-157.7420</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFE68DD02EC56FBF6" box="[494,555,1025,1049]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="705.0">705m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFF16DD23EF73FBD7" box="[144,270,1055,1080]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2022-09-03" valueMax="2022-09-04" valueMin="2022-09-03">3–4 ix 2022</date>
|
||
; K. A. Austin, K. Faccenda; [UV] bucket trap / DNA extractions KA0634, KA0635 / KAA diss. #0876, #0877, #0878 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFEB6DD78EF01FB7C" box="[304,380,1147,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE16DD79EFBFFB7D" box="[400,450,1146,1170]" count="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">5♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Honolulu Watershed F[orest] R[eserve], Wailupe Ridge;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFF5ADDBBEF56FB3F" box="[220,299,1208,1232]" degrees="21.3214" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="21.3214">21.3214</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66EB5070E737D97DFEB1DDB4EFE6FB20" box="[311,411,1207,1231]" degrees="157.7490" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-157.749">-157.7490</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFE20DDB4EF9EFB20" box="[422,483,1207,1231]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="620.0">620m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="77611077E737D97DFE76DDB4EE9EFB01" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" value="2022-09-24" valueMax="2022-09-25" valueMin="2022-09-24">24–25 ix 2022</date>
|
||
; K. A. Austin, M. Staab; [UV] bucket trap / DNA extraction KA0650 / KAA diss. #0890 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFED7DC10EFE0FAC4" box="[337,413,1299,1323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE2BDC10EFA2FAC4" box="[429,479,1299,1323]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Mānoa Valley, Substation
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFEEDDC32EFFDFAA6" box="[363,384,1329,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">H</collectionCode>
|
||
[awaiʻi] S[ugar] P[lanters’] A[ssociation]; 7 iii [19]45;
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFD91DC53EC51FA88" box="[535,556,1360,1383]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">H</collectionCode>
|
||
. Brodie; ex light trap (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFEF7DC6DEFC2FA69" box="[369,447,1390,1414]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33433" name="Hawaii Department of Agriculture" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">HDOA</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFE57DC6DEF92FA69" box="[465,495,1390,1414]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same as previous except 18 iii [19]45 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE5EDC8FEC5BFA4B" box="[472,550,1420,1444]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33433" name="Hawaii Department of Agriculture" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">HDOA</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFF16DCA8EED3FA2C" box="[144,174,1451,1475]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Pacific
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE92DCA8EF54FA2C" box="[276,297,1451,1475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">H</collectionCode>
|
||
[eigh]ts; 27 v [19]06; ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E737D97DFF16DCCAEE84FA0E" box="[144,249,1481,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Vincentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vincentia</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E737D97DFE9FDCCAEFE3FA0E" box="[281,414,1481,1505]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Machaerina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Machaerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E737D97DFE29DCCAEE90F9EF" authority="(HDOA)" baseAuthorityName="HDOA" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Machaerina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">angustifolia (HDOA)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFF71DCEBEF68F9EF" box="[247,277,1512,1536]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Lanihuli; 18 vii [19]20; E.
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFF16DF05EED8F9F2" box="[144,165,1542,1565]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">H</collectionCode>
|
||
. Bryan, Jr. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFE9BDF05EF15F9F1" box="[285,360,1542,1566]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E737D97DFDEED992ED2FFF09" blockId="11.[592,1009,145,1567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E737D97DFDEED992EDEEFF46" bold="true" box="[616,915,145,169]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE737D97DFC1BD992ED91FF46" box="[925,1004,145,169]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
, Pacific
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFD1ED9ACECD6FF28" box="[664,683,175,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">H</collectionCode>
|
||
[eigh]ts; 27 v [19]06; ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E737D97DFC09D9B3ED92FF28" box="[911,1007,176,199]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Vincentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E737D97DFC09D9B3ED92FF28" box="[911,1007,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Vincentia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E737D97DFDE0D9CDEC99FF09" box="[614,740,206,230]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Machaerina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E737D97DFDE0D9CDEC99FF09" box="[614,740,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Machaerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] (
|
||
<collectionCode id="65CEAE72E737D97DFD7CD9CDED3AFF09" box="[762,839,206,230]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33433" name="Hawaii Department of Agriculture" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">HDOA</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE737D97AFDEED9EFED65FD60" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E737D97DFDEED9EFED8CFA49" blockId="11.[592,1009,145,1567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E737D97DFDEED9EFED8DFEEB" bold="true" box="[616,1008,236,260]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Description. Male (n= 85).
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E737D97DFC2AD9EFED8DFEEB" bold="true" box="[940,1008,236,260]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scales on frons long, erect, entirely dark brown except gray at apex, occasionally with scattered light pinkish-red scales; scales on vertex concolorous with scaling on frons; labial palpus long, approximately 3.5× width of compound eye, scales on lateral surface concolorous with scaling on frons except light pinkish-red scales more common; medial surface with scaling pale yellow to white. Ocellus moderate, slightly depressed, separated from compound eye by approximately 1× width of ocellus. Scape with scaling pale brown; sensillae short, approximately 0.5× width of flagellomere; dorsal scales of flagellum silver.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E737D97DFD1BDBD1EC85FD05" bold="true" box="[669,760,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum with scaling short, tightly appressed, pale reddish-brown; longer, darker reddish-brown or blueish-gray scales present laterally; tegulae intermixed with mahogany, dark gray, and black scales. Lateral surface of foreleg and midleg entirely dark brown, tarsal segments ringed with pale yellow at apices; hindlegs entirely pale yellow to white, tarsal segments similar to forelegs and midlegs. Dorsal surface of FW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E737D97DFD0EDD22ECAAFBD6" box="[648,727,1057,1081]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,217,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[144,1004,144,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[144,1008,144,1008]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Olethreutinae adults. A. Bactra iomolybda, ♂, Hawaiʻi (UHIM). B. Bactra iomolybda, ♀, Hawaiʻi (HDOA). C. Bactra omoomoo, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM). D. Bactra omoomoo, paratype, ♀, Oʻahu (BPBM). E. Bactra?straminea, ♂, Maui (UHIM). F. Bactra?straminea, ♂, Molokaʻi (UHIM). G. Eccoptocera kualii, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM). H. Eccoptocera kualii, paratype, ♀, Oʻahu (UHIM). I. Eccoptocera iwipookua, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). J. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). K. Eccoptocera iwipookua,paratype,♀,Kauaʻi(UHIM). L. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). M. Eccoptocera kukona, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM).N. Eccoptocera kukona,paratype,♀,Kauaʻi(UHIM).O. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). P. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661937/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
; FWL:
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E737D97DFCAADD22EDCEFBD6" box="[812,947,1057,1081]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="0.89" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.25" valueMax="11.6" valueMin="8.9">8.9–11.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with ground color dark brown and mahogany, strongly overlaid with metallic blueish-gray scaling, especially between veins, as paired costal strigulae, and along inner margin; black scaling present along veins and as a distinctive dot or streak at end of cell; fringe black with scattered mahogany scales. Ventral surface of FW dark brown, golden-brown terminally. Dorsal surface of HW pale brown, fringe concolorous. Ventral surface of HW concolorous with dorsal surface of HW, but slightly paler.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E737D97AFDD6DCAFEFE9FBF5" blockId="11.[592,1009,145,1567]" lastBlockId="12.[144,562,145,1567]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E737D97DFDD6DCAFECBCFA2B" bold="true" box="[592,705,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Vestiture of abdomen pale yellow to light brown, but often greasestained which gives some segments a much darker appearance. Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E737D97AFC4EDF04EED0FF46" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[144,217,1275,1299]" captionTargetBox="[160,1004,169,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[144,1008,144,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Bactra male genitalia. A. Bactra iomolybda, KAA diss. #0767, Hawaiʻi (UHIM). Top arrow indicates the lower number of spines on the intermediate lobe as compared to B.?straminea. Bottom arrow indicates the additional row of spines on the sacculus as compared to B.?straminea. B. Bactra omoomoo, paratype, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0878 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the densely packed, regularly spaced, spinelike setae along lateral margin of intermediate lobe. C. Bactra?straminea, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0797 (UHIM). Top arrow indicates the higher number of spines on the intermediate lobe as compared to B. iomolybda. Bottom arrow indicates the absences of the additional row of spines on the sacculus compared to B. iomolybda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661943/files/figure.png" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with uncus short, well-developed, downcurved, spatulate, densely fringed on lateral and apical margin with robust, flattened, peg-like setae; socii situated at base of uncus, large, membranous, flap-like, with long, dense, hair-like setae; tegumen broad, convex, well-sclerotized, somewhat inflated dorsally; gnathos absent; valva typical for subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E730D97AFF16D8A1EE8BFE55" box="[144,246,418,442]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Chiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFF16D8A1EE8BFE55" box="[144,246,418,442]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Chiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with large, greatly inflated, lobe-like sacculus; sacculus with dense cluster of 15–20well-developed spine-like setae on ventral margin and 4–5 slightly larger, longer setae on lateral margin; face of sacculus with well-developed mound-like process; intermediate lobe well-developed, curved, with regularly-spaced, dense, peg-like setae on distal margin; 8–19 longer, more irregularly spaced, acute setae present at base of these peg-like setae; regularly-spaced, thin, spine-like setae present along lateral margin of intermediate lobe towards base; cucullus long, broad, apically rounded, with a large, dense patch of thin, bristle-like setae towards apex; juxta broad, short, well-sclerotized, bowl-shaped, nearly fused with caulis. Phallus short, robust, somewhat ventrodorsally flattened, without cornuti or spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E730D97AFF2EDD22ED65FD60" blockId="12.[144,562,145,1567]" lastBlockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFF2EDD22EF02FBD6" bold="true" box="[168,383,1056,1081]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Female (n=3).
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFEC6DD23EF05FBD7" bold="true" box="[320,376,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scaling on frons, vertex, labial palpus, scape, and flagellum similar to male but often slightly paler, straw yellow; sensillae only 0.25× width of flagellomere.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFEB0DD99EFF7FB5C" bold="true" box="[310,394,1178,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFEB0DD99EFF9FB5D" bold="true" box="[310,388,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male except larger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E730D97AFEA0DDBAEF05FB3E" box="[294,376,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,217,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[144,1004,144,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[144,1008,144,1008]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Olethreutinae adults. A. Bactra iomolybda, ♂, Hawaiʻi (UHIM). B. Bactra iomolybda, ♀, Hawaiʻi (HDOA). C. Bactra omoomoo, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM). D. Bactra omoomoo, paratype, ♀, Oʻahu (BPBM). E. Bactra?straminea, ♂, Maui (UHIM). F. Bactra?straminea, ♂, Molokaʻi (UHIM). G. Eccoptocera kualii, holotype, ♂, Oʻahu (UHIM). H. Eccoptocera kualii, paratype, ♀, Oʻahu (UHIM). I. Eccoptocera iwipookua, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). J. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM). K. Eccoptocera iwipookua,paratype,♀,Kauaʻi(UHIM). L. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). M. Eccoptocera kukona, holotype, ♂, Kauaʻi (UHIM).N. Eccoptocera kukona,paratype,♀,Kauaʻi(UHIM).O. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). P. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, ♀, Kauaʻi (UHIM). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661937/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
; FWL:
|
||
<quantity id="C4279B52E730D97AFE4ADDBAEEC6FB00" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.295" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="12.95" valueMax="13.5" valueMin="12.4">12.4–13.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), dorsal surface of forewing paler, often golden brown (
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE730D97AFEEDDDF5EF87FAE1" box="[363,506,1270,1294]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
with distinct dark brown medial streak); with less apparent blueish-gray scaling; hindwing paler.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFEB8DC53EFD7FA86" bold="true" box="[318,426,1360,1385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFEB8DC53EFD8FA87" bold="true" box="[318,421,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Vestiture of abdomen golden brown. Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BE42A32E730D97AFE64DC6CEC54FA68" box="[482,553,1391,1415]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="8.[144,217,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[157,1008,144,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[144,1008,144,1062]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 7. Bactra and Eccoptocera female genitalia. A. Bactra iomolybda, Hawaiʻi, KAA diss.#1165 (HDOA). Top arrow indicates the well-sclerotized, tunnel-like ostium of this species. Bottom arrow indicates the minute signum of this species. B. Bactra omoomoo, paratype, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #1224 (BPBM). Top arrow indicates the deep, V-shaped, open-faced ostium of this species. Bottom arrow indicates the large signum of this species. C. Bactra?straminea, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0617 (UHIM). Top arrow indicates a unique, split sterigma (but see comments under B. iomolybda regarding the identity of the B. straminea species complex). Bottom arrow indicates the large signum of this species. D. Eccoptocera kualii, paratype, Oʻahu, KAA diss. #0979 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the triangular tooth-like process partially obscuring the ostium of this species. E. Eccoptocera iwipookua, paratype, Kauaʻi, KAA diss. #1104 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the absence of any process obscuring the ostium of this species. F. Eccoptocera kukona, paratype, Kauaʻi, KAA diss. #1098 (UHIM). Arrow indicates the slight thickening of the right side of the ostium, which is typically noticeable in slide-mounted specimens but is also present in E. foetorivorans (Butler)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14661953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14661953/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with papillae anales subtriangular, lateral margin slightly convex, with shallow anteromedial excavation, roughened on ventral surface; apophyses posteriores long, slender, approximately 0.75× length of S7; apophyses anteriores laterally directed, slightly curved, approximately 0.33× length of S7; hind margin of S7 highly membranous, folded to form pocket-like structure obscuring much of the sterigma; sterigma large, broad, band-like; ostium deep, acute, V-shaped, weaklysclerotized; ductusbursaestraight, membranous, slender at base but widening beyond 0.25× to nearly width of corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising at 0.25× length of ductus bursae; colliculum absent; corpus bursae scarcely differentiated from ductus bursae, elliptical, not greatly inflated; signum a moderately sized, roughly scobinate, invaginated, quadrate, plate-like structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE730D97AFDEEDB96EDCEFC6D" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E730D97AFDEEDB96EDCEFC6D" blockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFDEEDB96ECB9FD42" bold="true" box="[616,708,661,685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE730D97AFD48DB95ED47FD41" box="[718,826,662,686]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="adult">One adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female and
|
||
<specimenCount id="15D9FD3EE730D97AFC4CDB95ECF8FD23" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="larva">one larva</specimenCount>
|
||
in HDOA were reared from ʻuki (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E730D97AFDDEDBD1ED26FD05" box="[600,859,722,746]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Machaerina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFDDEDBD1ED26FD05" box="[600,859,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Machaerina angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E730D97AFCEDDBD0ED9BFD04" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[875,998,723,747]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We have commonly found larvae of what appear to be this species boring into the stems of ʻuki, especially at the base of inflorescences. Unfortunately, collected larvae have so far failed to mature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE730D97AFDEEDA8AED8CFA68" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E730D97AFDEEDA8AED8CFA68" blockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFDEEDA8AEC8BFC4E" bold="true" box="[616,758,905,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species occurs in the Koʻolau Range of Oʻahu above 500 meters virtually wherever its host plant, ʻuki (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E730D97AFD0BDAE7EDE5FC13" box="[653,920,996,1020]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Machaerina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFD0BDAE7EDE5FC13" box="[653,920,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Machaerina angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) grows. It seems to be especially abundant along the windswept peaks and summits of the Koʻolau Range and might be expected on the sheer cliffs, hanging valleys, and waterfalls along the windward side which are virtually inaccessible to collectors. Similar large brown
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E730D97AFC2EDDB9ED8DFB3E" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1834" box="[936,1008,1210,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFC2EDDB9ED8DFB3E" box="[936,1008,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Bactra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected on Kauaʻi, Molokaʻi, Maui, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C11BF855E730D97AFD41DDF5ED65FAE1" box="[711,792,1270,1294]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
|
||
island. It is not yet clear if these represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E730D97AFCCADC16EDADFAC3" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[844,976,1301,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omoomoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFCCADC16ED26FAC3" box="[844,859,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFCECDC16EDADFAC3" box="[874,976,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">omoomoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or similar, undescribed species. Preliminary molecular data suggest they may be distinct species, but more data is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE730D97AFDEEDC8DECA7F9F0" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E730D97AFDEEDC8DECA7F9F0" blockId="12.[592,1010,145,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E730D97AFDEEDC8DEC96FA49" bold="true" box="[616,747,1422,1446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From Hawaiian ʻōmoʻomoʻo, meaning “ridge” or “crest,” as of mountains, referring to the high peaks of the Koʻolau Mountains where this species can be found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BC5653CE731D97BFF2ED992EFE2FB3E" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E731D97BFF2ED992EFE8FCE6" blockId="13.[144,562,145,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFF2ED992EF5FFF46" bold="true" box="[168,290,145,169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E731D97BFE34D991EC4DFF46" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[434,560,145,169]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omoomoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE34D991EFBDFF46" box="[434,448,146,169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE4DD991EC4DFF46" box="[459,560,146,169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">omoomoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have long been identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E731D97BFE28D9B3EC4DFF28" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[430,560,176,199]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE28D9B3EFC1FF28" box="[430,444,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE4FD9B3EC4DFF28" box="[457,560,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">straminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the working assumption that there was only a single, highly variable species, although some workers recognized a species complex was likely involved.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="674E4B46E731D97BFF16D844EF43FEB0" author="Perkins, R. C. L." box="[144,318,327,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" pagination="15 - 238" refId="ref18930" refString="Perkins, R. C. L. 1913. Introduction, being a review of the land-fauna of Hawaii, pp. 15 - 238. In D. Sharp (ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis, Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book chapter" year="1913">Perkins (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E731D97BFE66D84BEE87FE92" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE66D84BEE87FE92" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Bactra straminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very widely distributed species in the islands and extremely variable, examples differing greatly in size and pattern.It is likely that several species are included under this name, for we have observed scores of specimens in some localities, without remarking any special variability. If there is only one species, then the variation is to a large extent local or racial. Melanochroic forms occur and these are sometimes of gigantic size.” We now recognize that these “melanochroic forms” are actually one, and perhaps more than one, distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E731D97BFF2EDA13EFD6FC6D" blockId="13.[144,562,145,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">
|
||
It is unclear why females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E731D97BFE32DA13EC4DFCC8" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[436,560,784,807]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omoomoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE32DA13EFBFFCC8" box="[436,450,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE4ADA13EC4DFCC8" box="[460,560,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">omoomoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are so rare in collections. They may be only weakly attracted to light or may not fly far from their host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="036036B7E731D97BFF2EDA8AEFE2FB3E" blockId="13.[144,562,145,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFF2EDA8AEFFDFC4E" bold="true" box="[168,384,905,929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E731D97BFE02DA89EC4DFC4E" authorityName="Austin Daniel Rubinoff & nov" authorityYear="2024" box="[388,560,906,929]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Bactra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omoomoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFE02DA89EC4DFC4E" box="[388,560,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Bactra omoomoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely secure. This species is common, sometimes even abundant, on wind-swept summit ridges in the Koʻolau mountains wherever ʻuki (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DF4D34E731D97BFEACDD01EC55FBF5" box="[298,552,1026,1050]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Machaerina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="31ABEAA5E731D97BFEACDD01EC55FBF5" box="[298,552,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Machaerina angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) grows. It is worth noting, however, that it is no longer found at some of the lower elevation spots at which it was first collected suggesting that even relatively widespread species disappear from urbanized areas over time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |