treatments-xml/data/03/A7/87/03A787BCFFF52A35FF63F8AA4E1EFF72.xml

<document id="937F9662309BB33271AC3374DA1EB28B" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.307.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13690171" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725504968881" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Anil Raj, K. N. &amp; Manimohan, Patinjareveettil" docDate="2017" docId="03A787BCFFF52A35FF63F8AA4E1EFF72" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.307.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 307 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Entoloma silvanum K. N. A. Raj &amp; Manim. 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FF9EFFC4FFF32A3DFFEBFFBC4F39FE73" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Entoloma subgenus Pouzarella from India" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1725505367120" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F8918082DDEB4E6DA08B9F5B3988608E">Four new species of Entoloma subgenus Pouzarella from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="02EBD9E0A93908BCC9AFE3A686CBB83E">Anil Raj, K. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EF2ADD055C9B6EDE2AD9F75C6457523">Manimohan, Patinjareveettil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="328C28E066B95D92AF43C79BF700B95F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="53D5E08874CD3009651DC90890B15841">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A787BCFFF52A35FF63F8AA4E1EFF72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787BCFFF52A35FF63F8AA4E1EFF72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BCFFF52A35FF63F8AA4E1EFF72" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<subSubSection id="C3146521FFF52A3BFF63F8AA4EABF920" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF52A3BFF63F8AA4C5BF95C" blockId="6.[136,866,1814,1839]" box="[136,866,1814,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<heading id="D0F981C6FFF52A3BFF63F8AA4C5BF95C" box="[136,866,1814,1839]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF52A3BFF63F8AA4D45F95C" ID-CoL="6FDND" authority="K. N. A. Raj &amp; Manim." authorityName="K. N. A. Raj &amp; Manim." authorityYear="2017" box="[136,636,1814,1839]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF52A3BFF63F8AA4E52F95C" bold="true" box="[136,363,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Entoloma silvanum</emphasis>
K. N. A. Raj &amp; Manim.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957C3FFF52A3BFD6CF8AA4DE4F95C" box="[647,733,1814,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF52A3BFD6CF8AA4DEFF95C" box="[647,726,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="13352A2FFFF52A3BFD0FF8AA4C5BF95C" box="[740,866,1814,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1709,1730]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,190,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–F: Entoloma silvanum (K(M) 191739, holotype). A. Basidiomata. B. Basidiospores; C. Basidium; D. Lamellar trama; E. Pileipellis; F. Stipitipellis. Scale bars: A= 10 mm; B–D &amp; F= 10 μm; E=100 μm. Photos by K. N. Anil Raj." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13690177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13690177/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Figs. 3A–F</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF52A3BFF63F8864EABF920" blockId="6.[136,402,1850,1875]" box="[136,402,1850,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">MycoBank MB 820067</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3146521FFF52A35FF63F83E4E1EFF72" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF52A3BFF63F83E4BADF9E8" blockId="6.[136,1452,1922,2091]" box="[136,1172,1922,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the sylvan (wooded) 
<typeStatus id="54B58808FFF52A3BFCB0F83E4CB2F9E8" box="[859,907,1922,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
locality of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF52A3BFF56F81A4BAEF658" blockId="6.[136,1452,1922,2091]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
Diagnosis:—Characterized by a greyish brown to brown, conico-convex or conico-campanulate pileus, absence of both cheilo- and pleurocystidia, basidiospores measuring 10–15 × 6.5–9 μm, and distinctive ITS (KY643747) and nLSU (KY643724) sequences. Differing from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF52A3BFD24F8524B36F674" box="[719,1039,2030,2055]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="testaceostrigosum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF52A3BFD24F8524B36F674" box="[719,1039,2030,2055]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Entoloma testaceostrigosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having emarginate lamellae with decurrent teeth, a hollow and basally tapering stipe, and slightly smaller-sized basidiospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF42A3AFF56FF1C4FD4FEAE" blockId="7.[135,1452,160,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<materialsCitation id="3B663CF7FFF42A3AFF56FF1C4FD4FEAE" collectingDate="2010-12-07" collectorName="K. N. Anil Raj" country="India" location="Peechi Forest" municipality="Thrissur District" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B58808FFF42A3AFF56FF1C4E11FECA" box="[189,296,160,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F319763AFFF42A3AFEA1FF1C4EA4FECA" box="[330,413,160,185]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">INDIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49CAF848FFF42A3AFE4EFF1C4D0BFECA" box="[421,562,160,185]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD5ACD0FFF42A3AFDD1FF1C4DCDFECA" box="[570,756,160,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Thrissur District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8ED16071FFF42A3AFD15FF1C4CA1FECA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787BCFFF52A35FF63F8AA4E1EFF72:8ED16071FFF42A3AFD15FF1C4CA1FECA" box="[766,920,160,185]" country="India" municipality="Thrissur District" name="Peechi Forest" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Kerala">Peechi Forest</location>
: 
<date id="FFB0106AFFF42A3AFC49FF1C4B50FECA" box="[930,1129,160,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="2010-12-07">
<collectingDate id="EFF4E982FFF42A3AFC49FF1C4B50FECA" box="[930,1129,160,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" value="2010-12-07">7 December 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFB99FF1C4A65FECA" box="[1138,1372,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<collectorName id="26FB537CFFF42A3AFB99FF1C4A35FECA" box="[1138,1292,160,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">K. N. Anil Raj</collectorName>
AR555
</emphasis>
(K(M) 191739).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF42A3AFF56FF544A18FC36" blockId="7.[135,1452,160,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
Description:— 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFE8EFF544EC0FF72" box="[357,505,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Basidiocarps</emphasis>
small, mycenoid. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFD32FF544C26FF72" box="[729,799,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pileus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF69B4FFFF42A3AFCC6FF544CA4FF72" box="[813,925,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="3.0">3–11 mm</quantity>
diam., convex when very young, becoming conico-convex or conico-campanulate with or without a very small central depression with age; surface brown (6 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A506DFFF42A3AFA6EFEB04FACFF3A" degrees="5, 6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="5555" value="5.6">E5, 6</geoCoordinate>
E6/OAC720) at the center, grayish brown (5 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A506DFFF42A3AFD65FE8C4DF0FF3A" box="[654,713,304,329]" degrees="3, 5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="5555" value="3.5">E3, 5</geoCoordinate>
F3/OAC640) elsewhere, not hygrophanous, with or without faint striations, with short, recurved hairs all over; margin slightly incurved when young, becoming deflexed with age, initially crenate, becoming finely wavy at maturity. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFD3AFEC44C00FFE2" box="[721,825,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Lamellae</emphasis>
emarginate or emarginate with a small decurrent tooth, close, brownish gray (5D2/OAC548) when young, becoming grayish brown (6 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A506DFFF42A3AFBEAFE204B0FFFC6" box="[1025,1078,412,437]" degrees="3,6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="5555" value="3.6">E3,6</geoCoordinate>
F3/OAC640) at maturity, up to 
<quantity id="4CF69B4FFFF42A3AFA76FE204F8DFFAA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
wide, with lamellulae in 2–3 tiers; edge initially entire, becoming somewhat wavy at maturity, concolorous with the sides. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFF10FE584E0AFF8E" box="[251,307,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Stipe</emphasis>
9–28 × 
<quantity id="4CF69B4FFFF42A3AFE7EFE584ECFFF8E" box="[405,502,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
, central, terete, or slightly compressed, equal or slightly tapering towards the base, cartilaginous, hollow; surface brownish gray (5E2/OAC724) or grayish brown (5E3/OAC640) or gray (5F1, 5F2/ OAC641), finely tomentose all over; base with a strigose basal mycelium. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFC27FD904B3EFC36" box="[972,1031,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Odor</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFBD5FD904B4AFC36" box="[1086,1139,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">taste</emphasis>
not distinctive.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF42A3AFF56FDEC4AB5FD86" blockId="7.[135,1452,160,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFF56FDEC4E62FC1A" box="[189,347,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Basidiospores</emphasis>
10–15 × 6.5–9 (12.1±0.77 × 7.4±0.74) μm, Q = 1.25–2.14, Qm = 1.62, nodulose-multiangled, heterodiametric-ovate, with 6–9 concave or flat facets, pale brownish yellow, thick-walled. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFB93FDC84BF7FCFE" box="[1144,1230,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Basidia</emphasis>
29–43 × 11–15 μm, clavate, with a pale brownish yellow wall pigment, occasionally with dense, dark brown contents, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 5.5 μm long. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFE89FD004D3DFCA6" box="[354,516,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Crassobasidia</emphasis>
frequent in the hymenium. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFCD4FD004CE0FCA6" box="[831,985,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Lamella-edge</emphasis>
fertile. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFBD9FD004BEDFCA6" box="[1074,1236,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFAE7FD004A92FCA6" box="[1292,1451,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">pleurocystidia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFF0AFD5C4EADFC8A" box="[225,404,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
subregular; hyphae 3–12 μm wide, with a yellowish brown wall pigment and dark brown external spiral encrustations, thin- to slightly thick-walled. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFCDDFCB84CEAFD6E" box="[822,979,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Subhymenium</emphasis>
inconspicuous. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFB7BFCB84A1AFD6E" box="[1168,1315,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pileus trama</emphasis>
subregular; hyphae 4–14 μm wide, with a yellowish brown wall pigment and dark brown external encrustations, slightly thick-walled. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFF09FCF04E6DFD16" box="[226,340,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis with a transition to a trichoderm; hyphae 5–13 μm wide, with a pale brownish yellow wall pigment and dark brown external encrustations, slightly thick-walled; terminal cells 37–110 × 8–25 μm, cylindrical or gradually tapering with an obtuse apex. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFDB9FC284DEBFDDE" box="[594,722,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a loose trichoderm of entangled, hair-like, multiseptate hyphae; hyphae 4–10 μm wide, cylindrical or tapering with an obtuse apex, with a yellowish brown wall pigment and dark brown external encrustations, thick-walled. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFD98FC604C36FD86" box="[627,783,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFC87FC604B7AFD86" box="[876,1091,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Clamp connections</emphasis>
not observed on any hyphae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF42A3AFF56FBBC4FFCFA4E" blockId="7.[135,1452,160,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
Habitat: 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFEF3FBBC4E08FA6A" box="[280,305,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">—</emphasis>
scattered or in small groups, on the forest floor, among decaying leaf litter and humus, under broadleaf trees.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF42A3AFF56FBF44BF9FA12" blockId="7.[135,1452,160,2093]" box="[189,1216,1096,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
Geographical distribution range:—known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54B58808FFF42A3AFCD3FBF44C51FA12" box="[824,872,1096,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
locality in 
<collectingRegion id="49CAF848FFF42A3AFC0CFBF44B4DFA12" box="[999,1140,1096,1121]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F319763AFFF42A3AFB94FBF44B85FA12" box="[1151,1212,1096,1121]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF42A3AFF56FBD04A7FF97E" blockId="7.[135,1452,160,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
Comments:—The grayish brown, non-hygrophanous pileus with a recurved-hairy surface, the brownish gray stipe with a tomentose surface, the nodulose-angular basidiospores and the presence of brown external encrustations on all hyphae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFEAFFB084EF1FABE" box="[324,456,1204,1229]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFEAFFB084EF1FABE" box="[324,456,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indicative of the section 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFCE7FB084CBBFABE" box="[780,898,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFCE7FB084C47FABE" box="[780,894,1204,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="section" section="Dysthales">Dysthales</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFC63FB084A95FABE" authority="Manim. &amp; Noordel." authorityName="Manim. &amp; Noordel." box="[904,1452,1204,1229]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="testaceostrigosum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFC63FB084BFFFABE" box="[904,1222,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Entoloma testaceostrigosum</emphasis>
Manim. &amp; Noordel.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFF4EFB644ED2FA82" author="Manimohan, P. &amp; Noordeloos, M. E. &amp; Dhanya, A. M." box="[165,491,1240,1265]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="45 - 93" refId="ref8747" refString="Manimohan, P., Noordeloos, M. E. &amp; Dhanya, A. M. (2006) Studies on the genus Entoloma (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) in Kerala State, India. Persoonia 19: 45 - 93." type="journal article" year="2006">
Manimohan 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFEDFFB644E55FA82" box="[308,364,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
(2006: 50)
</bibRefCitation>
, a species previously described from Kerala, resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFB89FB644BDFFA82" box="[1122,1254,1240,1265]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFB89FB644BDFFA82" box="[1122,1254,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a hairy and convex pileus, somewhat similar-sized (12.5–17 × 7–10 μm) basidiospores with 7–9 angles, a hymenium lacking both cheilo- and pleurocystidia, a trichoderm-type pileipellis and a loose trichoderm-type stipitipellis composed of entangled, thick-walled hyphae with a yellowish brown externally encrusting pigment. However, that species has deep orange to light brownish basidiocarps, narrow (
<quantity id="4CF69B4FFFF42A3AFD49FAD44DDAFBF2" box="[674,739,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
or less), sinuate and subcrowded lamellae, a solid and apically tapering stipe and slightly larger basidiospores (12.5–17 × 7–10 μm). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFC60FA304A95FBD6" authority="Manim., Joseph &amp; Leelav." authorityName="Manim., Joseph &amp; Leelav." box="[907,1452,1420,1445]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lomapadum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFC60FA304BBBFBD6" box="[907,1154,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Entoloma lomapadum</emphasis>
Manim., Joseph &amp; Leelav.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFF48FA0C4D3AFBBA" author="Manimohan, P. &amp; Joseph, A. V. &amp; Leelavathy, K. M." box="[163,515,1456,1481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1083 - 1097" refId="ref8649" refString="Manimohan, P., Joseph, A. V. &amp; Leelavathy, K. M. (1995) The genus Entoloma in Kerala State, India. Mycological Research 99 (9): 1083 - 1097 http: // doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0953 - 7562 (09) 80777 - 6" type="journal article" year="1995">
Manimohan 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFED9FA0C4E53FBBA" box="[306,362,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
(1995: 1084)
</bibRefCitation>
, another species previously described from Kerala, resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFB52FA0C4A05FBBA" box="[1209,1340,1456,1481]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFB52FA0C4A05FBBA" box="[1209,1340,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a dark brown or brownish beige, conico-convex pileus, a stipe base with strigose mycelium and heterodiametric-elliptic basidiospores with 8–9 facets in profile and of somewhat similar size (11–13 × 6–9 μm) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFB65FA444AA6F862" author="Manimohan, P. &amp; Joseph, A. V. &amp; Leelavathy, K. M." box="[1166,1439,1528,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1083 - 1097" refId="ref8649" refString="Manimohan, P., Joseph, A. V. &amp; Leelavathy, K. M. (1995) The genus Entoloma in Kerala State, India. Mycological Research 99 (9): 1083 - 1097 http: // doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0953 - 7562 (09) 80777 - 6" type="journal article" year="1995">
Manimohan 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFACBFA444A63F862" box="[1312,1370,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
). However, that species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFDFFF9A04DA0F846" box="[532,665,1564,1589]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFDFFF9A04DA0F846" box="[532,665,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a larger pileus (
<quantity id="4CF69B4FFFF42A3AFC2BF9A04B2CF846" box="[960,1045,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
), adnate lamellae, a longer stipe (
<quantity id="4CF69B4FFFF42A3AFA65F9A04F8CF82A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
) with a pruinose apex, a distinct, unpleasant odor, the presence of clavate, thin-walled cheilo- and caulocystidia and a well developed, cellular subhymenium. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFD6EF9D84A92F80E" authority="(Berkeley &amp; Broome 1871: 539) Noordel. &amp; Co-David" authorityName="Noordel. &amp; Co-David" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley &amp; Broome" baseAuthorityPageNumber="539" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[645,1451,1636,1661]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lasium">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFD6EF9D84C7BF80E" box="[645,834,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Entoloma lasium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFCBAF9D84B92F80E" author="Berkeley, M. &amp; Broome, C. E." box="[849,1195,1636,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="494 - 567" refId="ref7938" refString="Berkeley, M. J &amp; Broome, C. E. (1871) The fungi of Ceylon. (Hymenomycetes, from Agaricus to Cantharellus). Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 11: 494 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1871. tb 00163. x" type="journal article" year="1871">Berkeley &amp; Broome 1871: 539</bibRefCitation>
) Noordel. &amp; Co-David
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFF4FF9344EE5F8D2" author="Co-David, D. &amp; Langeveld, D. &amp; Noordeloos, M. E." box="[164,476,1672,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="147 - 176" refId="ref8036" refString="Co-David, D., Langeveld, D. &amp; Noordeloos, M. E. (2009) Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae. Persoonia 23: 147 - 176." type="journal article" year="2009">
Co-David 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFEF2F9344E68F8D2" box="[281,337,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
(2009: 170)
</bibRefCitation>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="F319763AFFF42A3AFDCEF9344DABF8D2" box="[549,658,1672,1697]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFD4BF9344C10F8D2" author="Horak, E." box="[672,809,1672,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref8253" refString="Horak, E. (1980) Entoloma (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australasia. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 65: 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1980">Horak 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFCDFF9344C82F8D2" author="Pegler, D. N." box="[820,955,1672,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 519" refId="ref8965" refString="Pegler, D. N. (1986) Agaric Flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 12: 1 - 519." type="book chapter" year="1986">Pegler 1986</bibRefCitation>
) somewhat resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFB52F9344A05F8D2" box="[1209,1340,1672,1697]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFB52F9344A05F8D2" box="[1209,1340,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having basidiocarps of similar color and size, short hispid hairs on the pileus, basidiospores of almost similar size and shape and lamella-edge devoid of cheilocystidia. However, that species differs in having a depressed pileus, crowded and sinuate-adnate lamellae, a well developed subhymenium and presence of thin- to thick-walled caulocystidia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136AAFFF42A35FF56F8A44E1EFF72" blockId="7.[135,1452,160,2093]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,160,257]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
A megablast search of the GenBank nucleotide database using the ITS and the nLSU sequences derived from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFA78F8A44FD4F926" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFA78F8A44FD4F926" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed that these sequences were distinct. The BLASTn results using the ITS (742 bp) sequence showed no close hit with an e-value of zero. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFDDBF8DC4C09F90A" box="[560,816,1888,1913]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="furfuraceum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFDDBF8DC4C09F90A" box="[560,816,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Entoloma furfuraceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GenBank JQ993094) with 94% sequence identity was the closest hit with the nLSU (869 bp) sequence. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFD56F8384BE8F9EE" authority="T. H. Li &amp; Xiao Lan He" authorityName="T. H. Li &amp; Xiao Lan He" box="[701,1233,1924,1949]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="furfuraceum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFD56F8384C85F9EE" box="[701,956,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Entoloma furfuraceum</emphasis>
T.H. Li &amp; Xiao Lan He
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFB1CF8384F85F9B2" author="He, X-L. &amp; Li, T-H. &amp; Xi, P-G. &amp; Jiang, Z-D. &amp; Shen, Y. - H." pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="227 - 243" refId="ref8176" refString="He, X-L., Li, T-H., Xi, P-G., Jiang, Z-D. &amp; Shen, Y. - H. (2013) Phylogeny of Entoloma s. l. subgenus Pouzarella, with descriptions of five new species from China. Fungal Diversity 58 (1): 227 - 243. http: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0212 - 7" type="journal article" year="2013">
He 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFACBF8384A63F9EE" box="[1312,1370,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
(2013: 234)
</bibRefCitation>
somewhat resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFE59F8144D0FF9B2" box="[434,566,1960,1985]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFE59F8144D0FF9B2" box="[434,566,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the size and shape of the pileus. However, it differs from the present species in having a differently colored pileus, a longer stipe, smaller-sized basidiospores (9–11 (–13) × 6.5–8 μm) and a sterile lamellae edge with cheilocystidia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5BFFF42A3AFD8BF84C4C33F67A" author="He, X-L. &amp; Li, T-H. &amp; Xi, P-G. &amp; Jiang, Z-D. &amp; Shen, Y. - H." box="[608,778,2032,2057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="227 - 243" refId="ref8176" refString="He, X-L., Li, T-H., Xi, P-G., Jiang, Z-D. &amp; Shen, Y. - H. (2013) Phylogeny of Entoloma s. l. subgenus Pouzarella, with descriptions of five new species from China. Fungal Diversity 58 (1): 227 - 243. http: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0212 - 7" type="journal article" year="2013">
He 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFD60F84C4DFCF67A" box="[651,709,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The pairwise alignment of the ITS sequence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFF42A3AFAD5F84C4FD4F65E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFF42A3AFAD5F84C4FD4F65E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Entoloma silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with those of the other three species described showed no similarity with an e-value of zero. However, the nLSU sequence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFFB2A35FE8AFF1C4EDFFECA" box="[353,486,160,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFFB2A35FE8AFF1C4EDFFECA" box="[353,486,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed 88% similarity with that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFFB2A35FC6DFF1C4B18FECA" box="[902,1057,160,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="peechiense">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFFB2A35FC6DFF1C4B18FECA" box="[902,1057,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">E. peechiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 91% with that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFFB2A35FACBFF1C4A9DFECA" box="[1312,1444,160,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tropicum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFFB2A35FACBFF1C4A9DFECA" box="[1312,1444,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">E. tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. No similarity with an e-value of zero was observed in a pairwise comparison of the nLSU of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFFB2A35FB2CFF784A77FEAE" box="[1223,1358,196,221]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="silvanum">
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFFB2A35FB2CFF784A77FEAE" box="[1223,1358,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">E. silvanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<emphasis id="B97AEAB8FFFB2A35FA78FF784E1EFF72" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D29FFFB2A35FA78FF784E1AFF72" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="wayanadense">E. wayanadense</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>