286 lines
35 KiB
XML
286 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="34D00F25583DCEA7585270991306A9BC" ID-CLB-Dataset="48132" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207073" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3815507-6100-464e-aaf6-60d6820a1eec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207073" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460228776049" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Etheridge, Richard & Queiroz, Kevin De" docDate="2011" docId="038287FDFFA1605A69838DA3D41EFE14" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02752p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2752" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Enyalioides praestabilis O'Shaughnessy 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFBBFF85FFBB604769148B6ED174FF93" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1720202091178" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="79E5E1217A704D23B8ACA3F03BAA7716">A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A23847420B4DDBC09D866EDC62EAECD5">Etheridge, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF6F734739DBC980CB64C1A9CD312DBC">Queiroz, Kevin De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3AFB9EE0A261A0D0FF9A06804F6FD624">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038287FDFFA1605A69838DA3D41EFE14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184971" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119387051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038287FDFFA1605A69838DA3D41EFE14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287FDFFA1605A69838DA3D41EFE14" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA1605D69838DA3D3A6F974" blockId="26.[151,722,1741,1767]" box="[151,722,1741,1767]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0DC8187FFA1605D69838DA3D3A6F974" bold="true" box="[151,722,1741,1767]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA1605D69838DA3D3A6F974" ID-CoL="6FGTY" authority="O'Shaughnessy 1881" authorityName="O'Shaughnessy" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,722,1741,1767]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA1605D69838DA3D3A6F974" bold="true" box="[151,722,1741,1767]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA1605D69838DA3D0C2F974" bold="true" box="[151,438,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Enyalioides praestabilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA1605D68D18DA3D3BEF974" author="O'Shaughnessy" box="[453,714,1741,1767]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="O'Shaughnessy, A. W. E. (1881) An account of the collection of lizards made by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador, and now in the British Museum, with descriptions of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 227 - 245." type="proceedings paper" year="1881">O'Shaughnessy 1881</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA1605D69838C7AD3B7F8B9" blockId="26.[151,790,1812,1865]" box="[151,707,1812,1834]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Proposed standard English name: Canelos woodlizards</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA1605D69838C5DD262F8DA" box="[151,790,1843,1865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA1605D69838C5DD262F8DA" blockId="26.[151,790,1812,1865]" box="[151,790,1843,1865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Proposed standard Spanish name: lagartijas de palo de Canelos</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA1605C69838C05D420FF78" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA1605C69838C05D420FF78" blockId="26.[151,1436,1899,2013]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,152,235]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B11C5FFA1605C69838C05D420FF78" infered="true" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA1605D69838C05D3E2F811" authority="O'Shaughnessy (1881:240)" authorityName="O'Shaughnessy" authorityPageNumber="240" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,662,1899,1922]" class="Reptilia" family="Leiosauridae" genus="Enyalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA1605D69838C05D005F812" box="[151,369,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Enyalius praestabilis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10FAFFA1605D686E8C05D3FAF811" author="O'Shaughnessy" box="[378,654,1899,1922]" page="240" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA1605D686E8C05D32BF811" author="O'Shaughnessy" box="[378,607,1899,1922]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="O'Shaughnessy, A. W. E. (1881) An account of the collection of lizards made by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador, and now in the British Museum, with descriptions of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 227 - 245." type="proceedings paper" year="1881">O’Shaughnessy (1881</bibRefCitation>
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:240
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</treatmentCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54908849FFA1605D6BB78C02D270F812" box="[675,772,1900,1921]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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: BMNH 8.12.8.38 (RR 1946.8.9.15), 80.12.8.37, from (respectively) “Pallatanga [in error] and Canelos,
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<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA1605D6B958CE4D3ADF833" box="[641,729,1930,1952]" name="Ecuador" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.” Pallatanga (Provincia Chimborazo,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1F502CFFA1605D6D488CE4D5D4F833" box="[1116,1184,1930,1952]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="925" value="-1.9833333">1°59'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1F502CFFA1605D6DB98CE4D47AF833" box="[1197,1294,1930,1952]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="925" value="-78.95">78°57' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA1605D6C0E8CE4D41EF833" box="[1306,1386,1930,1952]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.248" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="2248.0">2248 m</quantity>
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) lies west of the Ecuadorian Andes, where this species does not occur. O’Shaughnessy and Boulenger list “Pallatanga and Canelos” as the
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<typeStatus id="54908849FFA1605D68658CA6D0E9F84E" box="[369,413,1992,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
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locality for several species of amphibians and reptiles collected by Buckley and purchased by the British Museum of Natural History; in all cases Pallatanga seems to be an error caused by specimen mislabeling (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6C488BF6D18AFF5F" author="Peters" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Peters, J. A. (1955) Herpetological type localities in Ecuador. Revista Ecuatoriana de Entomologia y Parasitologia, 2, 335 - 352." type="journal article" year="1955">Peters 1955</bibRefCitation>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="54908849FFA0605C68288BD9D01CFF5F" box="[316,360,183,204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
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locality for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C68F08BD6D30CFF5E" box="[484,632,183,205]" class="Reptilia" family="Leiosauridae" genus="Enyalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C68F08BD6D30CFF5E" box="[484,632,183,205]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. praestabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is herein restricted to Canelos [Provincia Pastaza,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1F502CFFA0605C6D6C8BD8D5ABFF5F" box="[1144,1247,182,204]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="15" value="-1.5833333">1°34'60''S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1F502CFFA0605C6DFE8BD8D437FF5F" box="[1258,1347,182,204]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-77.75">77°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C6C598BD8D4E5FF5F" box="[1357,1425,182,204]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="631.0">631 m</quantity>
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].
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C69838BBBD301FF78" authority="Boulenger (1885:113)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,629,213,235]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69838BBBD0F8FF78" box="[151,396,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Enyalioides praestabilis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C68878BBBD301FF78" author="Boulenger" box="[403,629,213,235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History) II. Taylor and Francis, London, 497 pp." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger (1885:113)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10FAFFA0605C6B6B8BB8D21FFF78" author="Burt" box="[639,875,213,235]" page="267" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1931">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6B6B8BB8D249FF78" author="Burt" box="[639,829,213,235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" refString="Burt, C. E. & Burt, M. D. (1931) South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 61, 227 - 395." type="journal article" year="1931">Burt & Burt (1931</bibRefCitation>
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||
:267
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1933:25);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6ACA8BB8D424FF78" author="Peters" box="[990,1360,213,235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Peters, J. A. & Donoso-Barros, R. (1970) Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and amphisbaenians. United States National Museum Bulletin, 297, 1 - 293." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970:115)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA0605C69838A79D2ACFD94" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA0605C69838A79D2ACFD94" blockId="27.[151,1437,279,1780]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69838A79D065FEA3" bold="true" box="[151,273,279,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C68038A76D352FEA3" box="[279,550,280,304]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C68038A76D352FEA3" box="[279,550,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Enyalioides praestabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from all other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C6A848A76D560FEA3" box="[912,1044,280,304]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C6A848A76D560FEA3" box="[912,1044,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Enyalioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, except for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C6D8D8A77D434FEA3" box="[1177,1344,280,304]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrigularis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C6D8D8A77D434FEA3" box="[1177,1344,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. rubrigularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in having the following combination of characters: caudals increasing in size posteriorly on each autotomic segment; ventrals smooth or feebly keeled; and projecting scales on dorsum and limbs absent. It can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C6C908A0FD054FE0F" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrigularis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C6C908A0FD054FE0F" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. rubrigularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(character states in parentheses) by having smaller scales on the ventral surface of the thighs in males; gulars cream or yellow without black margins (gulars bright orange or red, with black margins); black patch covering gular fold and posteromedial portion of gular region in some male specimens (posteromedial aspect of gular region without black patch); and usually one femoral pore (normally two).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA0605C69D1897DD416F9F7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA0605C69D1897DD5A0FBDB" blockId="27.[151,1437,279,1780]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69D1897DD023FDBF" bold="true" box="[197,343,531,556]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
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(1) dorsal head scales conical or multicarinate, strongly projecting dorsally; (2) posterior superciliaries not enlarged relative to adjacent scales; (3) scales on lateral edge of skull roof just posterior to superciliaries usually (80%) more projecting than adjacent scales; the projection is more pronounced in adults; (4) one or two enlarged pretympanic scales present; (5) gular scales conical or multicarinate, strongly projecting ventrally, distinctly keeled on gular fold; (6) dorsal and lateral neck scales similar in size, mostly granular or conical; (7) vertebrals larger than adjacent dorsals, forming distinct raised middorsal crest that extends onto tail as a pair of crests; (8) nuchal region usually with continuous (95%) and single (80%) middorsal crest; (9) dorsals keeled and homogeneous in size; (10) longitudinal row of raised, enlarged scales between dorsals and flank scales usually (95%) present; when present this row is continuous; (11) scales on flanks granular, heterogeneous in size;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6DD0885AD195FCE3" author="Wiens" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Wiens, J. J. & Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="2003">Wiens & Etheridge (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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reported only 25% of their specimens as having enlarged scales on flanks probably because the difference in size among flank scales in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C68DF8813D304FC07" box="[459,624,892,916]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C68DF8813D304FC07" box="[459,624,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. praestabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is usually not as conspicuous as in other species of hoplocercines with heterogeneous flank scales (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C6B1988CFD3DDFC2B" box="[525,681,928,952]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterolepis">
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<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C6B1988CFD3DDFC2B" box="[525,681,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. heterolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (12) ventrals usually (85%) smooth; (13) fore limb scales keeled dorsally, keeled or smooth ventrally; (14) hind limb scales keeled dorsally and keeled or smooth ventrally; scattered enlarged scales usually (95%) absent; dorsal scales of pes homogeneous in size; (15) caudals heterogeneous, increasing in size posteriorly on each segment (5–8 scales in lateral view), not modified as conspicuous spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A6EFFA0605C6C7B8F62D1D2FBDB" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[280,1305,321,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[274,1314,306,1505]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caudal segments from the anterior third of the tail of ten species of Hoplocercinae in lateral view. (A) Enyalioides cofanorum, (B) E. heterolepis, (C) E. laticeps, (D) E. microlepis, (E) E. oshaughnessyi, (F) E. palpebralis, (G) E. praestabilis, (H) E. rubrigularis, (I) E. touzeti, and (J) Morunasaurus annularis. Scale bars = 5 mm. Illustration by D. Paucar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207076/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); (16) tail compressed laterally. Meristic and morphometric characters are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A90350FFA0605C6D6F8F5ED5BAFBDB" box="[1147,1230,1072,1096]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,235,1304,1325]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1377,1892]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of counts and measurements (mm) for species of Hoplocercinae. Range (first line) and mean ± standard" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" tableUuid="DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA0605C69D18F3DD046FAD7" blockId="27.[151,1437,279,1780]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69D18F3DD0E5FBFF" bold="true" box="[197,401,1107,1132]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Coloration in life</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A6EFFA0605C68B58F3AD092FBFF" box="[417,486,1108,1132]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1384,184,1876]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of live lizards representing twelve species of Hoplocercinae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult males (KU
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA0605C6BD08F3AD268FBFF" box="[708,796,1108,1132]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="17-12-21">122117</date>
|
||
): dorsal background bright green with dark brown marks or black scales forming a reticulate pattern; dorsal surface of head mostly black with scattered green and bluishgreen scales; labials tinged with blue; scales on sides of neck sometimes pale blue; distinct white spot posterodorsal to tympanum; black patch on gular region; chest and throat adjacent to gular region tinged with yellow or pale orange; chin tan; ventral surfaces of body and limbs creamy tan or creamy orange; iris dark bronze or brown; tongue and lining of mouth pale pink (W.E. Duellman field notes [
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA0605C6A988E66D54CFAB3" box="[908,1080,1288,1312]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1968-08-03">3 August 1968</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA0605C6D508E66D457FAB3" box="[1092,1315,1288,1312]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1974-09-27">27 September 1974</date>
|
||
] and color photographs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA0605C69D18E3ED035FA47" blockId="27.[151,1437,279,1780]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Juveniles (KU
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA0605C687B8E3ED0B3FAFB" box="[367,455,1360,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="16-12-21">122116</date>
|
||
): dorsal background dark olive-brown with scattered dark brown marks forming transverse bands on back and spots on flanks; dorsal surface of head with scattered bright green scales; sides of head bright green with dark brown marks; venter tan with dark brown flecks; iris copper (W.E. Duellman field notes [
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA0605C6C988EF6D059FA47" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1968-08-04">4 August 1968</date>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA0605C69D18E8ED416F9F7" blockId="27.[151,1437,279,1780]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69D18E8ED0F1FA6B" bold="true" box="[197,389,1503,1528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C6B3B8E8ED235FA6B" box="[559,833,1504,1528]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C6B3B8E8ED235FA6B" box="[559,833,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Enyalioides praestabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found sleeping at night on vertical trunks and branches less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C68828D6AD0A1F98F" box="[406,469,1540,1564]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1.7">1.7 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground sometimes close to ponds or streams. A female (SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C6DF28D6AD431F98F" box="[1254,1349,1540,1564]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="101.0">101 mm</quantity>
|
||
; QCAZ 8826) collected in
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA0605C68788D46D372F9D3" box="[364,518,1576,1600]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2003-10">
|
||
October
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C68DA8D46D372F9D3" box="[462,518,1576,1600]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.087619999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="2003.0">2003</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Provincia Morona Santiago,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA0605C6A658D46D2A4F9D3" box="[881,976,1576,1600]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, had three enlarged vitellogenic follicles on the left side (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C685F8D22D084F9F7" box="[331,496,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" metricValueMax="4.96" metricValueMin="4.18" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.57" valueMax="4.96" valueMin="4.18">4.18–4.96 mm</quantity>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C6B068D22D3C2F9F7" box="[530,694,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.955" metricValueMax="5.61" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.955" valueMax="5.61" valueMin="4.3">4.30–5.61 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and two on the right side (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C6AFC8D22D5F9F9F7" box="[1000,1165,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.845" metricValueMax="5.06" metricValueMin="4.63" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.845" valueMax="5.06" valueMin="4.63">4.63–5.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C6DBB8D22D422F9F7" box="[1199,1366,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.16" metricValueMax="5.48" metricValueMin="4.84" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="5.16" valueMax="5.48" valueMin="4.84">4.84–5.48 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA0605C69D18D01D0A9F967" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA0605C69D18D01D0A9F967" blockId="27.[151,1437,279,1780]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69D18D01D02AF91B" bold="true" box="[197,350,1647,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C68728D1ED303F91B" box="[358,631,1648,1672]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C68728D1ED303F91B" box="[358,631,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Enyalioides praestabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs east of the Andes in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA0605C6D308D1ED5E1F91B" box="[1060,1173,1648,1672]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA0605C6DB58D1ED474F91B" box="[1185,1280,1648,1672]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA0605C69838DFBD1BEF93F" box="[151,202,1685,1708]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A6EFFA0605C69CE8DFAD058F93F" box="[218,300,1684,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1630]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution of Enyalioides praestabilis (dots) and E. touzeti (triangles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207087/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) at elevations between
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFFA0605C6B218DFAD3B5F93F" box="[565,705,1684,1708]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="200.0">200-2000 m</quantity>
|
||
. This species is known to occur in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C6DE18DFBD418F93F" box="[1269,1388,1684,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C6DE18DFBD418F93F" box="[1269,1388,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA0605C69838DD7D059F943" box="[151,301,1720,1744]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69838DD7D059F943" box="[151,301,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. microlepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA0605C68BA8DD6D37AF943" box="[430,526,1720,1744]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, these species also might be sympatric east of the Andes in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA0605C69838DB2D071F967" box="[151,261,1756,1780]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA0605C68B68DB3D0ADF967" box="[418,473,1757,1780]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF546663FFA7605B69838DECD28BF90B" box="[151,1023,1666,1689]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207087/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[161,1426,207,1630]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA7605B69838DECD28BF90B" blockId="28.[151,1023,1666,1689]" box="[151,1023,1666,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA7605B69838DECD06BF90B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1666,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA7605B68D68DEDD3C2F90A" box="[450,694,1667,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA7605B68D68DEDD3C2F90A" box="[450,694,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Enyalioides praestabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dots) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA7605B6A3E8DEAD2FEF90A" box="[810,906,1668,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="touzeti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA7605B6A3E8DEAD2FEF90A" box="[810,906,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. touzeti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangles).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA7605A69D18DA8D41EFE14" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA7605A69D18DA8D41EFE14" blockId="28.[151,1437,1733,2009]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA7605B69D18DA8D04DF94D" bold="true" box="[197,313,1734,1758]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Except for two specimens (USNM
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA7605B6BDE8DABD26BF94E" box="[714,799,1733,1757]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="56-11-21">211156</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA7605B6A3E8DABD20AF94E" box="[810,894,1733,1757]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="58-11-21">211158</date>
|
||
) males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA7605B6AE78DABD476F94E" box="[1011,1282,1733,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA7605B6AE78DABD476F94E" box="[1011,1282,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Enyalioides praestabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from populations north of 1°S have a black patch on the posteromedial aspect of the gular region, whereas males from populations south of this latitude lack this patch. This latitudinal boundary more or less corresponds with the Napo River, one of the main tributaries of the Amazon River, which might represent a geographical barrier separating these two sets of populations. The black gular patch (presence or absence) is a fixed character in other species of hoplocercines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA7605B69F48C17D374F802" author="Wiens" box="[224,512,1913,1937]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Wiens, J. J. & Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="2003">Wiens & Etheridge 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA7605B6BEE8C14D2EAF802" box="[762,926,1913,1937]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA7605B6BEE8C14D2EAF802" box="[762,926,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. praestabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as currently recognized, may consist of two species. If so, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA7605B68B38CF0D35FF825" box="[423,555,1950,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA7605B68B38CF0D35FF825" box="[423,555,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">praestabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would apply to the southern populations. Herein we favor the hypothesis that the northern populations do not represent a separate species for the following reasons: (1) the genetic distance between two specimens from both sides of the Napo river lies within the range of other intraspecific distances (Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009); (2) two adult male specimens (USNM
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA6605A6AC68BD2D553FF47" box="[978,1063,188,212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="56-11-21">211156</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF95102BFFA6605A6D278BD2D5F3FF47" box="[1075,1159,188,212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="58-11-21">211158</date>
|
||
) from localities north of the Napo river lack the distinctive gular patch of northern populations; and (3) based on the other morphological features examined in this manuscript, northern and southern populations are indistinguishable. Though not evidence supporting either the single-species or the two-species hypothesis, the sister taxon relationship between two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA6605A68258A23D0A1FEF7" box="[305,469,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA6605A68258A23D0A1FEF7" box="[305,469,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E. praestabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different sides of the Napo river was strongly supported (bootstrap value = 100) in a maximum likelihood analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data (Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |