<documentid="34D00F25583DCEA7585270991306A9BC"ID-CLB-Dataset="48132"ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207073"ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3815507-6100-464e-aaf6-60d6820a1eec"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="207073"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1460228776049"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Etheridge, Richard & Queiroz, Kevin De"docDate="2011"docId="038287FDFFA1605A69838DA3D41EFE14"docLanguage="en"docName="zt02752p044.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 2752"docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article"docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article"docStyleVersion="4"docTitle="Enyalioides praestabilis O'Shaughnessy 1881"docType="treatment"docVersion="11"lastPageNumber="29"masterDocId="FFBBFF85FFBB604769148B6ED174FF93"masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)"masterLastPageNumber="44"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="27"updateTime="1720202091178"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="79E5E1217A704D23B8ACA3F03BAA7716">A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA1605D68D18DA3D3BEF974"author="O'Shaughnessy"box="[453,714,1741,1767]"pageId="26"pageNumber="40"refString="O'Shaughnessy, A. W. E. (1881) An account of the collection of lizards made by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador, and now in the British Museum, with descriptions of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 227 - 245."type="proceedings paper"year="1881">O'Shaughnessy 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B9436EBFFA1605D69838C7AD3B7F8B9"blockId="26.[151,790,1812,1865]"box="[151,707,1812,1834]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27">Proposed standard English name: Canelos woodlizards</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B9436EBFFA1605D69838C5DD262F8DA"blockId="26.[151,790,1812,1865]"box="[151,790,1843,1865]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27">Proposed standard Spanish name: lagartijas de palo de Canelos</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA1605D686E8C05D32BF811"author="O'Shaughnessy"box="[378,607,1899,1922]"pageId="26"pageNumber="40"refString="O'Shaughnessy, A. W. E. (1881) An account of the collection of lizards made by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador, and now in the British Museum, with descriptions of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 227 - 245."type="proceedings paper"year="1881">O’Shaughnessy (1881</bibRefCitation>
locality for several species of amphibians and reptiles collected by Buckley and purchased by the British Museum of Natural History; in all cases Pallatanga seems to be an error caused by specimen mislabeling (
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6C488BF6D18AFF5F"author="Peters"pageId="27"pageNumber="40"refString="Peters, J. A. (1955) Herpetological type localities in Ecuador. Revista Ecuatoriana de Entomologia y Parasitologia, 2, 335 - 352."type="journal article"year="1955">Peters 1955</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C68878BBBD301FF78"author="Boulenger"box="[403,629,213,235]"pageId="27"pageNumber="38"refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History) II. Taylor and Francis, London, 497 pp."type="book"year="1885">Boulenger (1885:113)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6B6B8BB8D249FF78"author="Burt"box="[639,829,213,235]"pageId="27"pageNumber="38"refString="Burt, C. E. & Burt, M. D. (1931) South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 61, 227 - 395."type="journal article"year="1931">Burt & Burt (1931</bibRefCitation>
:267
</treatmentCitation>
; 1933:25);
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6ACA8BB8D424FF78"author="Peters"box="[990,1360,213,235]"pageId="27"pageNumber="40"refString="Peters, J. A. & Donoso-Barros, R. (1970) Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and amphisbaenians. United States National Museum Bulletin, 297, 1 - 293."type="journal article"year="1970">Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970:115)</bibRefCitation>
, in having the following combination of characters: caudals increasing in size posteriorly on each autotomic segment; ventrals smooth or feebly keeled; and projecting scales on dorsum and limbs absent. It can be distinguished from
(character states in parentheses) by having smaller scales on the ventral surface of the thighs in males; gulars cream or yellow without black margins (gulars bright orange or red, with black margins); black patch covering gular fold and posteromedial portion of gular region in some male specimens (posteromedial aspect of gular region without black patch); and usually one femoral pore (normally two).
(1) dorsal head scales conical or multicarinate, strongly projecting dorsally; (2) posterior superciliaries not enlarged relative to adjacent scales; (3) scales on lateral edge of skull roof just posterior to superciliaries usually (80%) more projecting than adjacent scales; the projection is more pronounced in adults; (4) one or two enlarged pretympanic scales present; (5) gular scales conical or multicarinate, strongly projecting ventrally, distinctly keeled on gular fold; (6) dorsal and lateral neck scales similar in size, mostly granular or conical; (7) vertebrals larger than adjacent dorsals, forming distinct raised middorsal crest that extends onto tail as a pair of crests; (8) nuchal region usually with continuous (95%) and single (80%) middorsal crest; (9) dorsals keeled and homogeneous in size; (10) longitudinal row of raised, enlarged scales between dorsals and flank scales usually (95%) present; when present this row is continuous; (11) scales on flanks granular, heterogeneous in size;
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA0605C6DD0885AD195FCE3"author="Wiens"pageId="27"pageNumber="41"refString="Wiens, J. J. & Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398."type="journal article"year="2003">Wiens & Etheridge (2003)</bibRefCitation>
reported only 25% of their specimens as having enlarged scales on flanks probably because the difference in size among flank scales in
); (12) ventrals usually (85%) smooth; (13) fore limb scales keeled dorsally, keeled or smooth ventrally; (14) hind limb scales keeled dorsally and keeled or smooth ventrally; scattered enlarged scales usually (95%) absent; dorsal scales of pes homogeneous in size; (15) caudals heterogeneous, increasing in size posteriorly on each segment (5–8 scales in lateral view), not modified as conspicuous spines (
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA0605C6C7B8F62D1D2FBDB"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="12.[151,250,1517,1540]"captionTargetBox="[280,1305,321,1491]"captionTargetId="figure@12.[274,1314,306,1505]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 3. Caudal segments from the anterior third of the tail of ten species of Hoplocercinae in lateral view. (A) Enyalioides cofanorum, (B) E. heterolepis, (C) E. laticeps, (D) E. microlepis, (E) E. oshaughnessyi, (F) E. palpebralis, (G) E. praestabilis, (H) E. rubrigularis, (I) E. touzeti, and (J) Morunasaurus annularis. Scale bars = 5 mm. Illustration by D. Paucar."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207076/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); (16) tail compressed laterally. Meristic and morphometric characters are presented in
<tableCitationid="C6A90350FFA0605C6D6F8F5ED5BAFBDB"box="[1147,1230,1072,1096]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="6.[151,235,1304,1325]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1377,1892]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of counts and measurements (mm) for species of Hoplocercinae. Range (first line) and mean ± standard"httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"tableUuid="DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD">Table 1</tableCitation>
<emphasisid="B95FEAF9FFA0605C69D18F3DD0E5FBFF"bold="true"box="[197,401,1107,1132]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28">Coloration in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA0605C68B58F3AD092FBFF"box="[417,486,1108,1132]"captionStart="FIGURE 4"captionStartId="14.[151,250,1897,1920]"captionTargetBox="[204,1383,190,1874]"captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1384,184,1876]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of live lizards representing twelve species of Hoplocercinae."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207077/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="28">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
): dorsal background bright green with dark brown marks or black scales forming a reticulate pattern; dorsal surface of head mostly black with scattered green and bluishgreen scales; labials tinged with blue; scales on sides of neck sometimes pale blue; distinct white spot posterodorsal to tympanum; black patch on gular region; chest and throat adjacent to gular region tinged with yellow or pale orange; chin tan; ventral surfaces of body and limbs creamy tan or creamy orange; iris dark bronze or brown; tongue and lining of mouth pale pink (W.E. Duellman field notes [
<dateid="FF95102BFFA0605C6A988E66D54CFAB3"box="[908,1080,1288,1312]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"value="1968-08-03">3 August 1968</date>
,
<dateid="FF95102BFFA0605C6D508E66D457FAB3"box="[1092,1315,1288,1312]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"value="1974-09-27">27 September 1974</date>
): dorsal background dark olive-brown with scattered dark brown marks forming transverse bands on back and spots on flanks; dorsal surface of head with scattered bright green scales; sides of head bright green with dark brown marks; venter tan with dark brown flecks; iris copper (W.E. Duellman field notes [
<dateid="FF95102BFFA0605C6C988EF6D059FA47"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"value="1968-08-04">4 August 1968</date>
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA0605C69CE8DFAD058F93F"box="[218,300,1684,1708]"captionStart="FIGURE 10"captionStartId="28.[151,250,1666,1689]"captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1630]"captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1645]"captionTargetPageId="28"captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution of Enyalioides praestabilis (dots) and E. touzeti (triangles)."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207087/files/figure.png"pageId="27"pageNumber="28">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
from populations north of 1°S have a black patch on the posteromedial aspect of the gular region, whereas males from populations south of this latitude lack this patch. This latitudinal boundary more or less corresponds with the Napo River, one of the main tributaries of the Amazon River, which might represent a geographical barrier separating these two sets of populations. The black gular patch (presence or absence) is a fixed character in other species of hoplocercines (
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA7605B69F48C17D374F802"author="Wiens"box="[224,512,1913,1937]"pageId="28"pageNumber="41"refString="Wiens, J. J. & Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398."type="journal article"year="2003">Wiens & Etheridge 2003</bibRefCitation>
would apply to the southern populations. Herein we favor the hypothesis that the northern populations do not represent a separate species for the following reasons: (1) the genetic distance between two specimens from both sides of the Napo river lies within the range of other intraspecific distances (Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009); (2) two adult male specimens (USNM
) from localities north of the Napo river lack the distinctive gular patch of northern populations; and (3) based on the other morphological features examined in this manuscript, northern and southern populations are indistinguishable. Though not evidence supporting either the single-species or the two-species hypothesis, the sister taxon relationship between two specimens of
from different sides of the Napo river was strongly supported (bootstrap value = 100) in a maximum likelihood analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data (Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009).
