762 lines
92 KiB
XML
762 lines
92 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="696539AEFF4150AD9C975B0959D13B14">Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 and its allied genus Tanaotrichia Warren, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from the Western Himalaya</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99C57493C2C6548F78ABD0A912E0E111">Kumari, Shabnam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="862198A8D8D52D644DAC6AD4C62B9FFC">Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D73AE27BECAFB9CBEF9A3F0EA77B7C5B">Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="785329CD9145C0830391DFEDE3709BE8">Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B76B0FDE3393B23D5C51AC03E8E860F7">Uniyal, Virendra Prasad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B71352FC3420E97229985938DC60392F">Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India. & Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Bell Road Clement Town, Dehradun- 248002, Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E6398A831CDAA5F5EA65DA813C4BC9CF">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A32B5C0AF69D04A62424C012A7BC39A">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EDC27BA49E683734278E4FC2763A09C7">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C324A09667C67383E91D97A13BA2ED6">Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB) - Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM), Münchhausenstrasse 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="868D23B49EA8CDE49D6FEBE266FCA500">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="516E4677F18E5DAB4C200B16351DCDE6">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0ED81E9FFFFFFACB4814C7C09AFFEC3" bold="true" box="[151,742,330,357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB4814C7C09AFFEC3" ID-CoL="7KTSV" authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,742,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB4814C7C09AFFEC3" bold="true" box="[151,742,330,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB4814C7C097DFEC2" bold="true" box="[151,564,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Tanaotrichia prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
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Warren, 1893
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFFFFACB4814C580A82FE2F" blockId="20.[151,742,330,393]" box="[151,459,366,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
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[
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<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFFFFACB4884C580A54FE2F" box="[158,285,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–33" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-252@20.[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 29–33. Habitus images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 29. R. bisinuata (29a–29b: Male, Holotype, NHMUK). 30–32. T. prasonaria trilineata (30a–30b: Male, 31a–31b: Female, 32a–32b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK), 33. T. prasonaria prasonaria (33a–33b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915542/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30–32</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFFFFACB53E4C580A39FE2F" box="[296,368,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–47" captionStartId="22.[151,260,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,191,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[188,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34–47. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 34–41. Male Clasping organ (CLA). 34. R. borealis, 35. R. cinerascens*, 36. R. herbicolens, 37. R. pelloniaria, 38. R. stigmatica, 39. R. tristrigalis, 40. T. prasonaria trilineata. 41–47. Male aedeagus. 41. R. borealis, 42. R. cinerascens*, 43. R. herbicolens, 44. R. pelloniaria, 45. R. stigmatica, 46. R. tristrigalis, 47. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915544/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">40, 47</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFFFFACB56A4C580A8CFE2F" box="[380,453,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–62" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,191,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[229,1359,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 48–62. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 48–54. Male 8th Abdominal Sternite. 48. R. borealis, 49. R. cinerascens*, 50. R. herbicolens, 51. R. pelloniaria, 52. R. stigmatica, 53. R. tristrigalis, 54. T. prasonaria trilineata. 55–62. Female genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 55. R. borealis, 56. R. cinerascens*, 57. R. herbicolens, 58. R. pelloniaria, 59. R. stigmatica, 60. R. tristrigalis, 61. R. vinacearia, 62. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915546/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">54, 62</figureCitation>
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]
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[TL:
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFFFFFACB5344C850A10FE6C" box="[290,345,435,459]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">India</collectingCountry>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFFFFACB4814CE70FF0FE4E" blockId="20.[151,1437,435,612]" box="[151,1209,465,489]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB4814CE709CFFE4E" authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,646,465,489]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB4814CE70ABDFE4E" box="[151,500,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Tanaotrichia prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
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Warren, 1893
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,
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB6874CE70F36FE4E" box="[657,1151,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London</emphasis>
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: 361.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFFFFACB4814CC60AF0FDC3" blockId="20.[151,1437,435,612]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
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[
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB4B64CC60AC7FDAF" box="[160,398,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB4B64CC60ACFFDAF" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[160,390,496,520]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilineata">Tanaotrichia trilineata</taxonomicName>
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;
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</emphasis>
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Leech, 1897; VIII-Lepidoptera Heterocera from
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<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFFFFFACB7614CC608FFFDAF" box="[887,950,496,520]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFFFFFACB7A84CC608B3FDA0" box="[958,1018,496,519]" name="Japan" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFFFFFACB03B4CC60F24FDAF" box="[1069,1133,496,520]" name="South Korea" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Corea</collectingCountry>
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. –Part 11, Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB1094CC60ED0FDAF" box="[1311,1433,496,520]" family="Geometriae" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Geometriae</taxonomicName>
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; Subfamilies: Oenochromiae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB5E54F390F73FD80" authority=", Larentiinae, Acidaliinae, and Geometriae." authorityName="Larentiinae, Acidaliinae, and Geometriae." box="[499,1082,527,551]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Orthostixinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthostixinae, Larentiinae, Acidaliinae, and Geometriae.</taxonomicName>
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Journal of Natural History, Series 6, 20 (115): 65–110. Doi: l O. 1080/00222939708680601.- Later on described as a new species named as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB10C4F1B0A5DFDC3" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB10C4F1B0A5DFDC3" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Tanaotrichia orientis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFFFFFACB52D4F7A0AFAFDC3" author="Prout, L. B." box="[315,435,588,612]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" pagination="1912 - 1916" refId="ref22131" refString="Prout, L. B. (1913) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479, pls. 1 - 25. [1912 - 1916]" type="book chapter" year="1913">Prout, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB4814FA40AC2FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,395,658,684]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB58F4FA409F6FD77" collectingDate="2020-10-11" country="India" county="Dist. Kangra" elevation="1170" latitude="32.23183" location="Dhanoti" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.27132" municipality="Dhauladhar Mountain Range" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB58F4FA40AA2FD0B" bold="true" box="[409,491,658,684]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
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<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFFFFFACB58F4FA40AA2FD0B" box="[409,491,658,684]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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:
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49DEF867FFFFFFACB62D4FA4085BFD0B" box="[571,786,658,684]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62C44E09FFFFFFACB7334FA408F7FD0A" box="[805,958,658,685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Dist. Kangra</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC1ACFFFFFFFFACB7C74FA40E61FD0A" box="[977,1320,658,685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Dhauladhar Mountain Range</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB5214F800A9CFD76" box="[311,469,694,721]" degrees="076.27132" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.27132">076.27132° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB5F44F800973FD76" box="[482,570,694,721]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1170.0">
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<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB5F44F800973FD76" box="[482,570,694,721]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1170.0">1170 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB6514F8009F6FD77" box="[583,703,694,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2020-10-11">
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<collectingDate id="EFE0E9ADFFFFFFACB6514F8009F6FD77" box="[583,703,694,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2020-10-11">11.X.2020</collectingDate>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB6DA4F800E2CFD77" box="[716,1381,694,721]" collectingDate="2020-10-14" country="India" elevation="849" latitude="32.21597" location="Rakh" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.25905" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB6DA4F8009A6FD77" box="[716,751,694,720]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
|
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<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB6E94F800874FD77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB6E94F800874FD77" box="[767,829,694,720]" country="India" latitude="32.21597" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.25905" name="Rakh" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Rakh</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB75F4F800894FD76" box="[841,989,694,721]" degrees="32.21597" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="32.21597">32.21597° N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB7FF4F800FCEFD76" box="[1001,1159,694,721]" degrees="076.25905" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.25905">076.25905° E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB0824F800F96FD76" box="[1172,1247,694,721]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.49" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="849.0">
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<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB0824F800F96FD76" box="[1172,1247,694,721]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.49" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="849.0">849 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB0FA4F800E2CFD77" box="[1260,1381,694,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2020-10-14">
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<collectingDate id="EFE0E9ADFFFFFFACB0FA4F800E2CFD77" box="[1260,1381,694,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2020-10-14">14.X.2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB1644F800804FD53" collectingDate="2021-09-30" country="India" elevation="1210" latitude="32.25395" location="Baladi Mod" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.27602" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB1644F800EDCFD77" box="[1394,1429,694,720]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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,
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB4814FEC0A57FD53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB4814FEC0A57FD53" box="[151,286,730,756]" country="India" latitude="32.25395" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.27602" name="Baladi Mod" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Baladi Mod</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB53E4FEC0AF0FD52" box="[296,441,730,757]" degrees="32.25395" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="32.25395">32.25395° N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB5D24FEC0916FD52" box="[452,607,730,757]" degrees="076.27602" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.27602">076.27602° E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB67C4FEC0989FD52" box="[618,704,730,757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1210.0">
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<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB67C4FEC0989FD52" box="[618,704,730,757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1210.0">1210 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB6DD4FEC0804FD53" box="[715,845,730,756]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9ADFFFFFFACB6DD4FEC0804FD53" box="[715,845,730,756]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-09-30">30.IX.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB74E4FEC0A58FCBF" collectingDate="2021-10-02" country="India" elevation="1064" latitude="32.21431" location="Sudher" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.291565" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB74E4FEC0834FD53" box="[856,893,730,756]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB79E4FEC0890FD53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB79E4FEC0890FD53" box="[904,985,730,756]" country="India" latitude="32.21431" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.291565" name="Sudher" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Sudher</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB7F54FEC0FCAFD52" box="[995,1155,730,757]" degrees="32.214310" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="32.21431">32.214310° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB09B4FEC0E7FFD52" box="[1165,1334,730,757]" degrees="076.291564" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.291565">076.291564° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB1574FEC0EDEFD52" box="[1345,1431,730,757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.064" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1064.0">
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<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB1574FEC0EDEFD52" box="[1345,1431,730,757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.064" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1064.0">1064 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB4814FC80A58FCBF" box="[151,273,766,792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-10-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9ADFFFFFFACB4814FC80A58FCBF" box="[151,273,766,792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-10-02">02.X.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB50A4FC808AAFCBF" box="[284,995,766,793]" collectingDate="2021-04-04" country="India" elevation="1404" latitude="32.260174" location="Ghera" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.288704" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB50A4FC80A76FCBF" box="[284,319,766,792]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB55B4FC80ADDFCBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB55B4FC80ADDFCBF" box="[333,404,766,792]" country="India" latitude="32.260174" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.288704" name="Ghera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Ghera</location>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB5B64FC80909FCBE" box="[416,576,766,793]" degrees="32.260173" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="32.260174">32.260173° N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB65D4FC809BCFCBE" box="[587,757,766,793]" degrees="076.288707" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.288704">076.288707° E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB7174FC80811FCBE" box="[769,856,766,793]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.404" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1404.0">
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<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB7174FC80811FCBE" box="[769,856,766,793]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.404" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1404.0">1404 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB7724FC808AAFCBF" box="[868,995,766,792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-04-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9ADFFFFFFACB7724FC808AAFCBF" box="[868,995,766,792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-04-04">04.IV.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB7F94FC80F61FCBF" box="[1007,1064,766,792]" count="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB0234FC80FE2FCBF" box="[1077,1195,766,792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-05-03">
|
||
03.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE40FFFFFFACB0434FC80F22FCBF" box="[1109,1131,766,792]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.2021
|
||
</date>
|
||
; leg. S. Kumari.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFFFFACB4D14E140822FC0F" blockId="20.[151,1437,658,937]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB4D14E140ADDFC9B" bold="true" box="[199,404,802,828]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">NWR specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB58C4E140F15FCC6" collectingDate="2021-10-01" collectionCode="BOLD, ZSM" collectorName="Sample Id & Lep" country="India" county="Dist. Kangra" elevation="1084" latitude="32.2192" location="Maiti" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="76.27902" municipality="Dhauladhar Mountain Range" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB58C4E140AA5FC9B" bold="true" box="[410,492,802,828]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFFFFFACB58C4E140AA5FC9B" box="[410,492,802,828]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB5EC4E140957FC9B" box="[506,542,802,828]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF867FFFFFFACB63C4E1409B0FC9B" box="[554,761,802,828]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C44E09FFFFFFACB7144E1408DAFC9A" box="[770,915,802,829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Dist. Kangra</collectingCounty>
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,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC1ACFFFFFFFFACB78B4E140FABFC9A" box="[925,1250,802,829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Dhauladhar Mountain Range</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB0FB4E140E65FC9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB0FB4E140E65FC9B" box="[1261,1324,802,828]" country="India" county="Dist. Kangra" latitude="32.2192" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="76.27902" municipality="Dhauladhar Mountain Range" name="Maiti" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Maiti</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB1204E140BE7FCC6" degrees="32.2192" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="5" value="32.2192">32.2192° N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB4A84E700A17FCC6" box="[190,350,838,865]" degrees="076.27902" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.27902">076.27902° E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB5794E700A83FCC6" box="[367,458,838,865]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.084" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1084.0">
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<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB5794E700A83FCC6" box="[367,458,838,865]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.084" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1084.0">1084 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
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<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB5CD4E700918FCC7" box="[475,593,838,864]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-10-01">
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<collectingDate id="EFE0E9ADFFFFFFACB5CD4E700918FCC7" box="[475,593,838,864]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-10-01">01.X.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE40FFFFFFACB6724E7009FBFCC7" box="[612,690,838,864]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">BOLD</collectionCode>
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||
<collectorName id="26EF5353FFFFFFACB6AB4E700871FCC7" box="[701,824,838,864]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Sample Id</collectorName>
|
||
: BC_
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE40FFFFFFACB76D4E7008FFFCC6" box="[891,950,838,865]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
_
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF5353FFFFFFACB7D34E7008BBFCC6" box="[965,1010,838,865]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Lep</collectorName>
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_117599)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB07D4E70096EFC23" collectingDate="2021-10-02" country="India" elevation="1064" latitude="32.21431" location="Sudher" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.29186" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB07D4E700FC7FCC7" box="[1131,1166,838,864]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB0B74E700FBBFCC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB0B74E700FBBFCC7" box="[1185,1266,838,864]" country="India" latitude="32.21431" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.29186" name="Sudher" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Sudher</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB1174E700ED1FCC6" box="[1281,1432,838,865]" degrees="32.21431" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="32.21431">32.21431° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB4814E5C0A08FC22" box="[151,321,874,901]" degrees="076.291864" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.29186">076.291864° E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB55A4E5C0AEBFC22" box="[332,418,874,901]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.064" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1064.0">
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<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB55A4E5C0AEBFC22" box="[332,418,874,901]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.064" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1064.0">1064 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB5BB4E5C096EFC23" box="[429,551,874,900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-10-02">
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<collectingDate id="EFE0E9ADFFFFFFACB5BB4E5C096EFC23" box="[429,551,874,900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-10-02">02.X.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB6244E5C0FC6FC23" box="[562,1167,874,901]" country="India" elevation="1170" latitude="32.23183" location="Dhanoti" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.27132" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB6244E5C091CFC23" box="[562,597,874,900]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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,
|
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<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB6744E5C09F6FC23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB6744E5C09F6FC23" box="[610,703,874,900]" country="India" latitude="32.23183" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.27132" name="Dhanoti" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Dhanoti</location>
|
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB6DF4E5C0812FC22" box="[713,859,874,901]" degrees="32.23183" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="32.23183">32.23183° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB7734E5C0F48FC22" box="[869,1025,874,901]" degrees="076.27132" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.27132">076.27132° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB01A4E5C0F28FC22" box="[1036,1121,874,901]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1170.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB01A4E5C0F28FC22" box="[1036,1121,874,901]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1170.0">1170 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB07A4E5C0FC6FC23" box="[1132,1167,874,900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-05-02">02.</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE40FFFFFFACB0984E5C0FEDFC23" box="[1166,1188,874,900]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.2021;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFFFFACB0FB4E5C0928FC0E" country="India" elevation="1018" latitude="32.21791" location="Paroh Bari" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.26783" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD0CFFFFFFACB0FB4E5C0E59FC23" box="[1261,1296,874,900]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFFFFACB10B4E5C0ED1FC23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFFFFACB10B4E5C0ED1FC23" box="[1309,1432,874,900]" country="India" latitude="32.21791" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.26783" name="Paroh Bari" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Paroh Bari</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB4814EB80A60FC0E" box="[151,297,910,937]" degrees="32.21791" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="32.21791">32.21791° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5042FFFFFFACB5234EB80A98FC0E" box="[309,465,910,937]" degrees="076.26783" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="76.26783">076.26783° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFFFFACB5CB4EB8097DFC0E" box="[477,564,910,937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.018" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1018.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFFFFACB5CB4EB8097DFC0E" box="[477,564,910,937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.018" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1018.0">1018 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA41045FFFFFFACB6564EB80928FC0E" box="[576,609,910,937]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" value="2021-05-05">05.</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE40FFFFFFACB6764EB8093FFC0E" box="[608,630,910,937]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.2021, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF5353FFFFFFACB6E74EB80822FC0F" box="[753,875,910,936]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">S. Kumari.</collectorName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF65660DFFFFFFACB4814A5A084BF86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13915542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915542/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" startId="20.[151,264,1900,1924]" targetBox="[151,1436,960,1877]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFFFFACB4814A5A084BF86A" blockId="20.[151,1437,1900,1997]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB4814A5A0A13F823" bold="true" box="[151,346,1900,1924]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">FIGURES 29–33.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB6224A5B0983F822" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[564,714,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB6224A5B0983F822" box="[564,714,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB7104A5B08F7F823" box="[774,958,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB7104A5B08C1F822" box="[774,904,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB7DF4A5A08A1F823" bold="true" box="[969,1000,1900,1924]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB7E24A5B0F3AF822" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[1012,1139,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisinuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB7E24A5B0F3AF822" box="[1012,1139,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">R. bisinuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(29a–29b: Male, Holotype, NHMUK).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB5064AA60A1FF80F" bold="true" box="[272,342,1936,1960]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">30–32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB5494AA7091CF80E" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[351,597,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB5494AA7091CF80E" box="[351,597,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(30a–30b: Male, 31a–31b: Female, 32a–32b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK),
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB1764AA60EC9F80F" bold="true" box="[1376,1408,1936,1960]" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFFFFACB19C4AA70A36F86B" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="prasonaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFFFFACB19C4AA70A36F86B" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">T. prasonaria prasonaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(33a–33b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300650EFFFEFFADB4D14DA009C5FA96" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14DA00A12FF17" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,347,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D14DA00A12FF17" bold="true" box="[199,347,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14D8D085CFF72" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,789,186,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Forewing length: Male:
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFEFFADB5C14D8C0961FF72" box="[471,552,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Female:
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFEFFADB6824D8C0859FF72" box="[660,784,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14DE90803FD6A" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D14DE90A78FF5E" box="[199,305,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
filiform in female; quadripectinate in male, flagellum ventrally dentate and brown, dorsal side with basal one-third whitish and the rest brown. Vertex white. Frons reddish-brown. Palpi short, forwardly directed, and reddish-brown laterally. Collar reddish; tegulae and patagia reddish brown; thorax and abdomen reddish ochreous. Underside pale reddish-ochreous. Foretibia, midtibia and hindtibia features are typical of the genus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB1264C7D0ED5FEC3" box="[1328,1436,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||
elongated, outer margin slightly incurved near apex; reddish-ochreous or reddish or sometimes ochreous, with minute red irroration. Costal margin almost straight except slightly curved near apex, with dark fuscous suffusion in the basal half. Transverse lines narrow, reddish-brown, sometimes with grey suffusion. Antemedial line slightly out curved just below the costa, then almost straight to inner margin. Postmedial line comparatively thicker, obliquely straight, followed by a diffused and indistinct reddish-brown or greyish-fuscous shade. Submarginal line slightly wavy below costa and forms a sinuous between M3 and CuA2, then runs straight to inner margin. Marginal line reddish-brown. Discocellular dot reddish brown and slightly elongated. Cilia concolourous with wings having scattered red scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB56D4F5D0AA0FD22" box="[379,489,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||
similar to the forewing, except it lacks the antemedial line.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB0974F5D0FBFFD22" box="[1153,1270,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Underside</emphasis>
|
||
paler with less reddish irroration; transverse lines prominent except the antemedial which is missing in both wings. Discocellular dot less prominent. Cilia darker than upper side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFEFFADB6AC4F850874FD6A" box="[698,829,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–33" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-252@20.[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 29–33. Habitus images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 29. R. bisinuata (29a–29b: Male, Holotype, NHMUK). 30–32. T. prasonaria trilineata (30a–30b: Male, 31a–31b: Female, 32a–32b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK), 33. T. prasonaria prasonaria (33a–33b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915542/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Figs 30–32</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14FE10960FBFE" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D14FE10A27FD56" box="[199,366,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFEFFADB5694FE10A9EFD56" box="[383,471,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–47" captionStartId="22.[151,260,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,191,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[188,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34–47. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 34–41. Male Clasping organ (CLA). 34. R. borealis, 35. R. cinerascens*, 36. R. herbicolens, 37. R. pelloniaria, 38. R. stigmatica, 39. R. tristrigalis, 40. T. prasonaria trilineata. 41–47. Male aedeagus. 41. R. borealis, 42. R. cinerascens*, 43. R. herbicolens, 44. R. pelloniaria, 45. R. stigmatica, 46. R. tristrigalis, 47. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915544/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
): Uncus flat, sclerotised; apex broad, setose, bilobed with deep central concavity on posterior margin (appearing as a central cleft) and small subapical protrusion on the lateral margins; basally it has two symmetric, laterally placed, triangular sclerotised plates, tapering towards the base of gnathos with their inner edges curved outward. Gnathos triangular, strongly sclerotised, median process elongated with an acute tip. Valva asymmetric with a slightly sclerotised, somewhat inflated, slighly sclerotised fold medially; apically bilobed and not spinulose; right valva apically bilobed with a minor central concavity; left valva apically bilobed, small, thin digitate process ventrad and rather thicker process dorsad, separated by a deep incision. Costa sclerotised, strongly curved medially, sclerotised and covered with thick spines. Sacculus weakly sclerotised, folded ventrad over valva, swollen or highly curved basally. Juxta Y-shaped with rather shallowr depression. Aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFEFFADB0D54EC10E5EFBB6" box="[1219,1303,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–47" captionStartId="22.[151,260,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,191,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[188,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34–47. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 34–41. Male Clasping organ (CLA). 34. R. borealis, 35. R. cinerascens*, 36. R. herbicolens, 37. R. pelloniaria, 38. R. stigmatica, 39. R. tristrigalis, 40. T. prasonaria trilineata. 41–47. Male aedeagus. 41. R. borealis, 42. R. cinerascens*, 43. R. herbicolens, 44. R. pelloniaria, 45. R. stigmatica, 46. R. tristrigalis, 47. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915544/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, thin, S-shaped; small scobination in the vesica. Posterior margin of the 8
|
||
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFFEFFADB78F492C08EFFB8F" attach="left" box="[921,934,1050,1064]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">th</superScript>
|
||
sternite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFEFFADB004492D0F2CFB92" box="[1042,1125,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–62" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,191,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[229,1359,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 48–62. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 48–54. Male 8th Abdominal Sternite. 48. R. borealis, 49. R. cinerascens*, 50. R. herbicolens, 51. R. pelloniaria, 52. R. stigmatica, 53. R. tristrigalis, 54. T. prasonaria trilineata. 55–62. Female genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 55. R. borealis, 56. R. cinerascens*, 57. R. herbicolens, 58. R. pelloniaria, 59. R. stigmatica, 60. R. tristrigalis, 61. R. vinacearia, 62. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915546/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
) bilobed with a wide, deep central concavity (octavals shorter).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D1495509C5FA96" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D149550AC1FBDA" box="[199,392,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFEFFADB58F49550AA5FBDA" box="[409,492,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 48–62" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,191,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[229,1359,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 48–62. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 48–54. Male 8th Abdominal Sternite. 48. R. borealis, 49. R. cinerascens*, 50. R. herbicolens, 51. R. pelloniaria, 52. R. stigmatica, 53. R. tristrigalis, 54. T. prasonaria trilineata. 55–62. Female genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 55. R. borealis, 56. R. cinerascens*, 57. R. herbicolens, 58. R. pelloniaria, 59. R. stigmatica, 60. R. tristrigalis, 61. R. vinacearia, 62. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915546/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
) Papillae anales setose, ovally-elongated, posteriorly with small central concavity; posterior apophyses twice the length of anterior apophyses. Ductus bursa sclerotised, curved and shorter than the corpus bursa. Antrum V-shaped with margin strongly sclerotised. Corpus bursae membranous, ovally-elongated; signum as two thin, longitudinal band-like, scobinated, sclerotisation, joined towards ends and located anteriorly below the junction with ductus bursae. 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFFEFFADB67649C40924FAA7" attach="left" box="[608,621,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">th</superScript>
|
||
sternite sclerotised, M-shaped with arms projecting backward; posterior margin with shallow, wide central concavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300650EFFFEFFADB4D1480C0FC4F9D2" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D1480C0FC4F9D2" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D1480C0A90FAF3" bold="true" box="[199,473,1338,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Differential diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB5FF480D0835FAF2" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[489,892,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB5FF480D0835FAF2" box="[489,892,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Tanaotrichia prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
looks close to its nominotypical ally,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB175480D0A5AFADF" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
T. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB48148690A5AFADF" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[151,275,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasonaria">prasonaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFEFFADB54548690AE1FADE" box="[339,424,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–33" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-252@20.[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 29–33. Habitus images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 29. R. bisinuata (29a–29b: Male, Holotype, NHMUK). 30–32. T. prasonaria trilineata (30a–30b: Male, 31a–31b: Female, 32a–32b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK), 33. T. prasonaria prasonaria (33a–33b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915542/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
: Male,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A18827FFFEFFADB5E848690914FADE" box="[510,605,1375,1401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, NHMUK). However, the latter has been described from the Khasi Hills and is comparatively darker having warmer wing colouration, darker ashy-grey antennae and costal margin of forewings. Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB5CB4891093CFA67" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[477,629,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasonaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB5CB4891093CFA67" box="[477,629,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">T. prasonaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies look close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB78748910F51FA66" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[913,1048,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisinuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB78748910F51FA66" box="[913,1048,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">R. bisinuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFFEFFADB0B048910FB1FA66" box="[1190,1272,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–33" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-252@20.[151,1436,960,1877]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 29–33. Habitus images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 29. R. bisinuata (29a–29b: Male, Holotype, NHMUK). 30–32. T. prasonaria trilineata (30a–30b: Male, 31a–31b: Female, 32a–32b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK), 33. T. prasonaria prasonaria (33a–33b: Male, Syntype, NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915542/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
) but are easily distinguishable as follows: the subspecies in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB6CC48FD083EFA43" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[730,887,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasonaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB6CC48FD083EFA43" box="[730,887,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">T. prasonaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit comparatively brighter forewings with reddish-ochreous yellow ground colour and dense bright red irroration; their forewings have less acute apex and submarginal line with single sinuous curve (double curves in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB7424B250894F98A" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[852,989,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisinuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB7424B250894F98A" box="[852,989,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">R. bisinuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies complex). Furthermore, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB4814B010AE5F9F6" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,428,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisinuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4814B010AE5F9F6" box="[151,428,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Rhodostrophia bisinuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies has a characteristic blackish-brown fasciation on the forewings, starting from the postmedial line on M1 and running towards the apex, which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB7F84B6D0FCCF9D3" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1006,1157,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasonaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB7F84B6D0FCCF9D3" box="[1006,1157,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">T. prasonaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300650EFFFEFFADB4D14B480E7EF81E" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14B480FFBF93E" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,1202,1662,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D14B480AFAF93F" bold="true" box="[199,435,1662,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFFEFFADB57C4B480AE7F93F" box="[362,430,1662,1688]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF867FFFEFFADB5AC4B490942F93E" box="[442,523,1663,1689]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
(TL) (Warren 1893), North Western Himalaya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFFEFFADB0324B490FEFF93E" author="Prout, L. B." box="[1060,1190,1663,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" pagination="1920 - 1941" refId="ref22189" refString="Prout, L. B. (1938) The Indo-Australian Geometridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the Indo-Australian Fauna. Vol. 12. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 356, pls. 1 - 41 + 50. [1920 - 1941]" type="journal article" year="1938">Prout 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14B95095AF91A" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,531,1699,1725]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D14B950A02F91A" bold="true" box="[199,331,1699,1725]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Elsewhere:</emphasis>
|
||
Not documented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14BF00E2DF946" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,1380,1734,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D14BF00A21F946" bold="true" box="[199,360,1734,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Genetic data:</emphasis>
|
||
BIN: BOLD:AFI0500. Its nearest-neighbour is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB7954BF10F53F947" baseAuthorityName="Christoph" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[899,1050,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprinaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB7954BF10F53F947" box="[899,1050,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">R. cuprinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 6.27% genetic distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFEFFADB4D14BDC0E7EF81E" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB4D14BDC0A04F8A3" bold="true" box="[199,333,1770,1796]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Bionomics:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723CD8FFFEFFADB5454BDD0E7AF81E" collectionCode="DMR" county="Till" elevation="1100" location="Central Himalayan" municipality="Himalaya" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Western">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C44E09FFFEFFADB5454BDD0A33F8A2" box="[339,378,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Till</collectingCounty>
|
||
now, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFEFFADB6344BDD086FF8A2" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[546,806,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFEFFADB6344BDD086FF8A2" box="[546,806,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only been reported from the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC1ACFFFFFEFFADB0B74BDD0E58F8A2" box="[1185,1297,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Himalaya</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, particularly from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF867FFFEFFADB4C34A390A3EF88E" box="[213,375,1807,1833]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">North Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFEFFADB5B84A3909CBF88E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFEFFADB5B84A3909CBF88E" box="[430,642,1807,1833]" county="Till" municipality="Himalaya" name="Central Himalayan" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="North Western">Central Himalayan</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF867FFFEFFADB6874A3909ACF88E" box="[657,741,1807,1833]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
) regions.
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFEFFADB7424A3908F5F88E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFEFFADB7424A3908F5F88E" box="[852,956,1807,1833]" county="Till" municipality="Himalaya" name="However" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="North Western">However</location>
|
||
, the life history and larval stages remained undocumented.
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFEFFADB55B4A050A30F8EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFEFFADB55B4A050A30F8EA" box="[333,377,1843,1869]" county="Till" municipality="Himalaya" name="Our" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="North Western">Our</location>
|
||
study has documented adults predominantly in the elevational range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFEFFADB0D64A050E19F8EA" box="[1216,1360,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFEFFADB0D64A050E19F8EA" box="[1216,1360,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFEFFADB4814A610AEFF8D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFEFFADB4814A610AEFF8D6" box="[151,422,1879,1905]" county="Till" municipality="Himalaya" name="Tropical Dry Deciduous" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="North Western">Tropical Dry Deciduous</location>
|
||
forests (5B/C2) and
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFEFFADB6874A610802F8D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFEFFADB6874A610802F8D6" box="[657,843,1879,1905]" county="Till" municipality="Himalaya" name="Subtropical Pine" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="North Western">Subtropical Pine</location>
|
||
forests (9/C1a, C1b), whereas occasional encounters occurred up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFFEFFADB5554A4D0AD0F832" box="[323,409,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="2000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1B6FFFEFFADB5554A4D0AD0F832" box="[323,409,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
within the
|
||
<location id="8EC5605EFFFEFFADB60C4A4D0812F832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFFFFFA1B4814C7C09FEF987:8EC5605EFFFEFFADB60C4A4D0812F832" box="[538,859,1915,1941]" county="Till" municipality="Himalaya" name="Himalayan Moist Temperate" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="North Western">Himalayan Moist Temperate</location>
|
||
(12/C1c) forest
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A18827FFFEFFADB0004A4D0F18F832" box="[1046,1105,1915,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE40FFFEFFADB0614A4D0FF3F832" box="[1143,1210,1915,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">DMR</collectionCode>
|
||
. The sightings were recorded during both pre- and post-monsoon seasons with nightly average temperature range of 13–23°C
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF65660DFFFDFFAEB4814A420E21F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13915544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915544/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" startId="22.[151,260,1908,1932]" targetBox="[198,1389,191,1875]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFDFFAEB4814A420E21F85F" blockId="22.[151,1437,1908,2041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB4814A420A02F82A" bold="true" box="[151,331,1908,1933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">FIGURES 34–47.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB6554A430999F82A" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[579,720,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB6554A430999F82A" box="[579,720,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB6E84A4308EFF82B" box="[766,934,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB6E84A430830F82A" box="[766,889,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB7BD4A4308A5F82A" bold="true" box="[939,1004,1909,1933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">34–41.</emphasis>
|
||
Male Clasping organ (CLA). 34.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB1394A430ED4F82A" box="[1327,1437,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB1394A430ED0F82A" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1327,1433,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">R. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
35.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB4AB4AAF0A1EF817" box="[189,343,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB4AB4AAF0A05F817" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[189,332,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerascens">R. cinerascens</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 36.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB59F4AAF095CF816" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[393,533,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbicolens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB59F4AAF095CF816" box="[393,533,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. herbicolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 37.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB65F4AAF0986F816" baseAuthorityName="Guenée" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[585,719,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelloniaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB65F4AAF0986F816" box="[585,719,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. pelloniaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 38.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB7144AAF08CBF817" baseAuthorityName="Prout" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[770,898,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB7144AAF08CBF817" box="[770,898,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. stigmatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 39.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB7A34AAF0F7CF816" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1889" box="[949,1077,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristrigalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB7A34AAF0F7CF816" box="[949,1077,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. tristrigalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 40.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB07F4AAF0E05F816" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1129,1356,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB07F4AAF0E05F816" box="[1129,1356,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB14C4AAF0ED5F816" bold="true" box="[1370,1436,1945,1969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">41–47.</emphasis>
|
||
Male aedeagus. 41.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB54E4A8B0A89F872" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[344,448,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB54E4A8B0A89F872" box="[344,448,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 42.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB5E74A8B09C3F873" box="[497,650,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB5E74A8B09C9F873" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[497,640,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerascens">R. cinerascens</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 43.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB6AC4A8B080DF872" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[698,836,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbicolens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB6AC4A8B080DF872" box="[698,836,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. herbicolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 44.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB7604A8B08B2F872" baseAuthorityName="Guenée" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[886,1019,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelloniaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB7604A8B08B2F872" box="[886,1019,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. pelloniaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 45.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB03D4A8B0FF9F873" box="[1067,1200,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB03D4A8B0FE4F873" baseAuthorityName="Prout" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1067,1197,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">R. stigmatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
46.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB0CD4A8B0E10F872" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1889" box="[1243,1369,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristrigalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB0CD4A8B0E10F872" box="[1243,1369,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">R. tristrigalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 47.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFDFFAEB19C4A8B0A16F85E" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFDFFAEB19C4A8B0A16F85E" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="81">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF65660DFFFCFFAFB4814A640F9BF85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13915546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915546/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" startId="23.[151,264,1874,1898]" targetBox="[237,1350,191,1841]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFCFFAFB4814A640E6BF870" blockId="23.[151,1437,1874,2043]" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB4814A640A11F8CC" bold="true" box="[151,344,1874,1899]" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">FIGURES 48–62.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB67B4A65084AF8CC" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[621,771,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB67B4A65084AF8CC" box="[621,771,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB72C4A6508A6F8CD" box="[826,1007,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB72C4A6508F5F8CC" box="[826,956,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB7E14A650F74F8CC" bold="true" box="[1015,1085,1875,1899]" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">48–54.</emphasis>
|
||
Male 8
|
||
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFFCFFAFB0864A650FD2F8C6" attach="left" box="[1168,1179,1875,1889]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">th</superScript>
|
||
Abdominal Sternite. 48.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB4814A410A44F828" box="[151,269,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB4814A410A40F828" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[151,265,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">R. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
49.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB52D4A410AABF829" box="[315,482,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB52D4A410A9DF829" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[315,468,1911,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerascens">R. cinerascens</taxonomicName>
|
||
*,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
50.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB6074A4109EDF828" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[529,676,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbicolens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB6074A4109EDF828" box="[529,676,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. herbicolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 51.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB6CE4A41082FF828" baseAuthorityName="Guenée" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[728,870,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelloniaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB6CE4A41082FF828" box="[728,870,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. pelloniaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 52.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB78C4A410F68F829" baseAuthorityName="Prout" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[922,1057,1911,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB78C4A410F68F829" box="[922,1057,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. stigmatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 53.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB0434A410F94F828" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1889" box="[1109,1245,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristrigalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB0434A410F94F828" box="[1109,1245,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. tristrigalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 54.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB1044A410BBCF814" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB1044A410BBCF814" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB5154AAD0A00F814" bold="true" box="[259,329,1947,1971]" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">55–62.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB67F4AAD09B6F814" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[617,767,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB67F4AAD09B6F814" box="[617,767,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB7264AAD08AAF815" box="[816,995,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB7264AAD08FBF814" box="[816,946,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
55.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB0064AAD0F37F814" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1040,1150,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB0064AAD0F37F814" box="[1040,1150,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 56.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB0A44AAD0E1AF815" box="[1202,1363,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB0A44AAD0E00F815" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1202,1353,1947,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerascens">R. cinerascens</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 57.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB1904AAD0A44F870" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbicolens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB1904AAD0A44F870" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. herbicolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 58.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB5564A890A84F870" baseAuthorityName="Guenée" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[320,461,1983,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelloniaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB5564A890A84F870" box="[320,461,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. pelloniaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 59.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB5E94A8909CFF871" baseAuthorityName="Prout" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[511,646,1983,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB5E94A8909CFF871" box="[511,646,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. stigmatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 60.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB6AE4A890876F870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1889" box="[696,831,1983,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristrigalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB6AE4A890876F870" box="[696,831,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. tristrigalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 61.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB7644A8908B3F871" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[882,1018,1983,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vinacearia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB7644A8908B3F871" box="[882,1018,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">R. vinacearia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 62.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFFCFFAFB03B4A890E6BF870" box="[1069,1314,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFFCFFAFB03B4A890E57F870" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1069,1310,1983,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">T. prasonaria trilineata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFFCFFAFB4814AD50F9BF85D" blockId="23.[151,1437,1874,2043]" box="[151,1234,2019,2043]" pageId="23" pageNumber="82">*Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF65660DFFF3FFA0B4814A420AB6F85E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13915548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915548/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" startId="24.[151,250,1908,1932]" targetBox="[192,1395,191,1875]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFF3FFA0B4814A420AB6F85E" blockId="24.[151,1437,1908,2041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF3FFA0B4814A420A69F82B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1908,1932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 63.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbour-joining tree of COI barcode sequences (570 bp) of different species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF3FFA0B0CD4A430E38F82A" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1243,1393,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF3FFA0B0CD4A430E38F82A" box="[1243,1393,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="83">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF3FFA0B4814AAF0A68F816" box="[151,289,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF3FFA0B4814AAF0A55F816" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,284,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tanaotrichia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The tree was constructed using the Tamura-Nei model, Gamma-distributed (TN93+G) rates, and 1000 bootstrap replications in MEGAX software (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFF3FFA0B5E94A8B098DF872" author="Kumar, S. & Stecher, G. & Li, M. & Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K." box="[511,708,1981,2005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="1547 - 1549" refId="ref21630" refString="Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6), 1547 - 1549. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msy 096" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF3FFA0B6464A8B09CCF872" box="[592,645,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The full tree is displayed in 63a, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF3FFA0B09C4A8B0E69F872" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1162,1312,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF3FFA0B09C4A8B0E69F872" box="[1162,1312,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="83">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (with support values) is displayed in 63b.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF65660DFFF2FFA1B48E4EF109EDFB34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13915550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915550/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" startId="25.[152,255,967,991]" targetBox="[159,1428,190,935]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFF2FFA1B48E4EF109EDFB34" blockId="25.[151,1437,967,1171]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B48E4EF10A6DFC78" bold="true" box="[152,292,967,991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 64.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian inference (BI) of the phylogenetic tree for different species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF2FFA1B0404EF10FA5FC78" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1110,1260,967,991]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B0404EF10FA5FC78" box="[1110,1260,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF2FFA1B10C4EF10ED5FC78" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1306,1436,967,991]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B10C4EF10ED5FC78" box="[1306,1436,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the COI mitochondrial gene sequence. Also, the results of the three species delimitation tests viz., Multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes (mPTP), Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and Generalized Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) are shown as vertical color-coded bars. (Numbers on clades indicate posterior probability (PP) for the node. Blue branches are the primary sequences generated during this study from IHR, and the color-coded vertical bars correspond to the species clusters delimited by the respective species delimitation test analysis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300650EFFF2FFA1B4D149D009FEF987" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFF2FFA1B4D149D009FEF987" blockId="25.[151,1437,1253,1568]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B4D149D00A74FAA7" bold="true" box="[199,317,1254,1280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The male and female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF2FFA1B6C449D008A9FB58" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[722,992,1253,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B6C449D008A9FB58" box="[722,992,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described here for the first time, along with the first DNA barcode data. These observations underscore the historical confusion regarding the taxonomic placement and validity of species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF2FFA1B72E481B0881FAE0" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[824,968,1325,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B72E481B0881FAE0" box="[824,968,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF2FFA1B015481B0E53FAE0" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[1027,1306,1325,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisinuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B015481B0E53FAE0" box="[1027,1306,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Rhodostrophia bisinuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies complex. The detailed morphological and genitalia examination of the species within the two genera points to their taxonomic distinction which is further supported by molecular COI gene sequence divergence information. Both, the NJ tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFF2FFA1B53E48AF0A34FA14" box="[296,381,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,191,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-30@24.[182,1405,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 63. Neighbour-joining tree of COI barcode sequences (570 bp) of different species of the genera Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia. The tree was constructed using the Tamura-Nei model, Gamma-distributed (TN93+G) rates, and 1000 bootstrap replications in MEGAX software (Kumar et al. 2018). The full tree is displayed in 63a, and the Rhodostrophia clade (with support values) is displayed in 63b." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915548/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
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) and Bayesian phylogenetic tree (
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<figureCitation id="13212A00FFF2FFA1B71E48AF0815FA14" box="[776,860,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="25.[152,255,967,991]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,190,935]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[151,1436,181,943]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 64. Bayesian inference (BI) of the phylogenetic tree for different species of the genus Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia based on the COI mitochondrial gene sequence. Also, the results of the three species delimitation tests viz., Multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes (mPTP), Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and Generalized Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) are shown as vertical color-coded bars. (Numbers on clades indicate posterior probability (PP) for the node. Blue branches are the primary sequences generated during this study from IHR, and the color-coded vertical bars correspond to the species clusters delimited by the respective species delimitation test analysis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915550/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
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) support the phylogenetic distinction between the two genera and delineate the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFF2FFA1B63D488B09F2FA70" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[555,699,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFF2FFA1B63D488B09F2FA70" box="[555,699,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="84">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a separate lineage. However, conducting more comprehensive (integrating both morphological and multigene molecular analysis) investigations is crucial before drawing any definitive conclusions on their taxonomic status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |