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<document id="2958C9A21551601BDB4B1366B0BC283A" ID-CLB-Dataset="55667" ID-DOI="10.26107/RBZ-2020-0097" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6cb155ce-8b9f-48ce-8e6c-b0dc00f8b1cc" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5351295" ID-ZooBank="815E4670-B063-4FD8-B31E-3AD89B3A7942" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630205841501" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Schubart, Christoph D. &amp; Ng, Peter K. L." docDate="2020" docId="49152B56FFC4BA06FC2CFE2EFE7DFDC4" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.68.891-994.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26.5:RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Cristarma Schubart &amp; Ng 2020, new genus" docType="treatment" docUuid="DBD4354F-33FC-42E5-BA10-91F1F85FD423" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="928" masterDocId="B52C532EFFE1BA21FFDDFFB3FF8DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène &amp; Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="994" masterPageNumber="891" pageNumber="928" updateTime="1699203722016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C9483CAE16B60D2F2BD2595DD8DC9EE2">Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène &amp; Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F619ECE5C337F22B5C3D9AF6793CFE3">Schubart, Christoph D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5039DDAC6486FB571E9FF38BFEB9B3BB">Zoology &amp; Evolution, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="99A0C18B71C7251C3BB3BB4E18B00A7C">Ng, Peter K. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="16F34002ED81AB2DB6C36A93FAC92031">Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FFCDDFA68BE4B1554EACE3150DDBDDC" type="email">peterng@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="F59288BD7A3877897D9C6F15D5CE0516">2020</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="89A6C9CBFFC4BA04FC2CFE2EFB6AFE04" box="[1009,1255,413,437]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C1039A40FFC4BA04FC2CFE2EFB6AFE04" blockId="37.[1009,1255,413,437]" box="[1009,1255,413,437]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<heading id="9A4B2D2CFFC4BA04FC2CFE2EFB6AFE04" bold="true" box="[1009,1255,413,437]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" reason="2">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FC2CFE2EFB6AFE04" bold="true" box="[1009,1255,413,437]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FC2CFE2EFBEDFE04" ID-CoL="84GNJ" authority="Schubart &amp; Ng, 2020" authorityName="Schubart &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2020" box="[1009,1120,413,437]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Cristarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FC2CFE2EFBEDFE04" bold="true" box="[1009,1120,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Cristarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8FBFB29FFC4BA04FBB2FE2EFB6AFE04" box="[1135,1255,413,437]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="89A6C9CBFFC4BA04FCF0FE6EFAE0FDA4" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="C1039A40FFC4BA04FCF0FE6EFAE0FDA4" blockId="37.[813,1451,477,533]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FCF0FE6EFC4EFE44" bold="true" box="[813,963,477,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<typeStatus id="1E0724E2FFC4BA04FCF0FE6EFCE5FE44" box="[813,872,477,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FC08FE6EFA05FE44" ID-CoL="7Z28W" authority="De Man" authorityName="De Man" box="[981,1416,477,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eulimene" subGenus="Sesarma">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FC08FE6EFBBEFE45" box="[981,1075,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Sesarma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FB95FE6EFB2BFE45" box="[1096,1190,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Sesarma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FB67FE6EFA90FE44" box="[1210,1309,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">eulimene</emphasis>
De Man
</taxonomicName>
, in
<bibRefCitation id="A52DE7B1FFC4BA04FCF0FE4EFC36FDA4" author="Weber" box="[813,955,509,533]" firstAuthor="Weber" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" pagination="156 - 180" refId="ref78562" refString="Weber M (1897) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. 3. Die Decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Afrika. (Mit Beitragen von Dr. J. C. H. de Meijere und Dr. J. G. de Man). I. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, (Part VI) 10: 156 - 180, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1897">Weber, 1897</bibRefCitation>
, by present designation. Gender neuter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89A6C9CBFFC4BA04FCF0FD8EFB84FA24" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C1039A40FFC4BA04FCF0FD8EFB84FA24" blockId="37.[812,1452,573,1429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FCF0FD8EFC12FDE4" bold="true" box="[813,927,573,597]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Carapace transversely rectangular, distinctly broader than long; frontal margin gently bilobed, gently deflexed, subequal to posterior carapace margin; lateral margins of carapace entire in adults, posterolateral part subparallel; regions of carapace demarcated; postfrontal and epigastric crests separated by relatively deep grooves, margin relatively rounded, regions clearly separated; basal articles of antenna and antennules separated by septum; dorsal margin of palm with oblique pectinated ridge near base of finger; inner surface of palm with prominent submedian transverse swelling, highest point with transverse ridge of granules, outer surface of palm and pollex convex, lower surface of palm with 2 short, smooth, submedian oblique ridges; dorsal margin of chelipedal dactylus with differentiated or prominently shaped row of stridulatory granules; inner distal margin of merus of cheliped not lamelliform; inner surfaces of first to third ambulatory coxae with numerous long setae between them; male thoracic sternites 2–4 relatively narrow in adults, suture between sternites 3 and 4 distinct; male sternopleonal cavity reaching two-thirds length of sternite 4 to just before anterior margin of sternite 2; male thoracic sternite 5 smooth, without depression on anterior part; G1 relatively slender, chitinous part relatively short. Vulva on anterior part of sternite 6, anterior edge presses against sternite 5; anterior sternal vulvar cover very low, posterior sternal vulvar cover forming low rim; opening projecting obliquely anteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89A6C9CBFFC4BA04FCF0FA0EFC1CF9A4" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C1039A40FFC4BA04FCF0FA0EFC1CF9A4" blockId="37.[813,1452,1469,1557]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FCF0FA0EFC25FA64" bold="true" box="[813,936,1469,1493]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name is derived from the Latin term for “crest” (crista) with the genus name
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FB19FA6EFAADFA45" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[1220,1312,1501,1524]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FB19FA6EFAADFA45" box="[1220,1312,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Sesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gender is neuter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89A6C9CBFFC4BA04FCF0F98EFAB2F9C4" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C1039A40FFC4BA04FCF0F98EFAB2F9C4" blockId="37.[813,1452,1597,1653]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FCF0F98EFC6BF9E4" bold="true" box="[813,998,1597,1621]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Included species</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FC29F98EFA01F9E4" authority="De Man" authorityName="De Man" box="[1012,1420,1597,1621]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eulimene" subGenus="Sesarma">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FC29F98EFBDDF9E5" box="[1012,1104,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Sesarma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FBBDF98EFB31F9E5" box="[1120,1212,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Sesarma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FB16F98EFAA6F9E4" box="[1227,1323,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">eulimene</emphasis>
De Man
</taxonomicName>
, in
<bibRefCitation id="A52DE7B1FFC4BA04FCF0F9EEFC36F9C4" author="Weber" box="[813,955,1629,1653]" firstAuthor="Weber" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" pagination="156 - 180" refId="ref78562" refString="Weber M (1897) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. 3. Die Decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Afrika. (Mit Beitragen von Dr. J. C. H. de Meijere und Dr. J. G. de Man). I. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, (Part VI) 10: 156 - 180, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1897">Weber, 1897</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FC15F9EEFAB1F9C4" authority="Crosnier, 1965" authorityName=", Crosnier" authorityYear="1965" box="[968,1340,1629,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortmanni">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FC15F9EEFB02F9C4" box="[968,1167,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Sesarma ortmanni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A52DE7B1FFC4BA04FB4AF9EEFAB1F9C4" author="Crosnier" box="[1175,1340,1629,1653]" firstAuthor="Crosnier" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref68404" refString="Crosnier A (1965) Crustaces Decapodes, Grapsidae et Ocypodidae. Faune de Madagascar, Tananarive, 18: 1 - 143, pls. 1 - 11, textfigs. 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="1965">Crosnier, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89A6C9CBFFC4BA06FCF0F92EFE7DFDC4" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="930" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C1039A40FFC4BA06FCF0F92EFE7DFDC4" blockId="37.[812,1452,1693,2101]" lastBlockId="39.[113,752,189,630]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="930" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FCF0F92EFC1EF904" bold="true" box="[813,915,1693,1717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Remarks</emphasis>
. The two species included in
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FB62F92EFAA6F905" authority="Schubart &amp; Ng, 2020" authorityName="Schubart &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2020" box="[1215,1323,1693,1716]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Cristarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FB62F92EFAA6F905" box="[1215,1323,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Cristarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8FBFB29FFC4BA04FAEAF92DFA25F907" box="[1335,1448,1694,1718]" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
, have been well described and discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="A52DE7B1FFC4BA04FAD9F90DFA26F964" author="De Man" box="[1284,1451,1725,1749]" firstAuthor="De Man" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" pagination="75 - 218" refId="ref72333" refString="Man JG De (1895) Bericht uber die von Herrn Schiffscaptan Storm zu Atjeh, an den westlichen Kusten von Malakka, Borneo und Celebes sowie in der JavaSee gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Zweiter Theil. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 9: 75 - 218." type="journal article" year="1895">De Man (1895)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="A52DE7B1FFC4BA04FC83F96EFB9DF944" author="Crosnier" box="[862,1040,1757,1781]" firstAuthor="Crosnier" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref68404" refString="Crosnier A (1965) Crustaces Decapodes, Grapsidae et Ocypodidae. Faune de Madagascar, Tananarive, 18: 1 - 143, pls. 1 - 11, textfigs. 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="1965">Crosnier (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. Although they have been treated as species of
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FC40F94EFBAAF8A4" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[925,1063,1789,1813]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FC40F94EFBAAF8A4" box="[925,1063,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Chiromantes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. lato because their lateral carapace margins are entire, they have more features in common with
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FCF0F88DFBD6F8E4" authority="De Man, 1895" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1895" box="[813,1115,1853,1877]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FCF0F88DFC36F8E4" box="[813,955,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Parasesarma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A52DE7B1FFC4BA04FC1CF88DFBD6F8E4" author="De Man" box="[961,1115,1853,1877]" firstAuthor="De Man" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" pagination="75 - 218" refId="ref72333" refString="Man JG De (1895) Bericht uber die von Herrn Schiffscaptan Storm zu Atjeh, an den westlichen Kusten von Malakka, Borneo und Celebes sowie in der JavaSee gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Zweiter Theil. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 9: 75 - 218." type="journal article" year="1895">De Man, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e., absence of an epibranchial tooth, presence of pectinated crest on the dorsal margin of the chela, and possession of distinct tubercles on the dorsal margin of the cheliped dactylus.
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC4BA04FB6EF82DFA2AF804" box="[1203,1447,1949,1973]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="928" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC4BA04FB6EF82DFAC5F804" box="[1203,1352,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="928">Parasesarma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, however, have a relatively wider male thoracic sternum, a proportionately much broader pleon, the tubercles on their cheliped dactylus are almost always more distinctively structured, and the inner surface of the chela has a prominent transverse granulated ridge (low or not as prominent in species of
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC6BA06FF35FF6DFEFBFF44" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1895" box="[232,374,222,245]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="930" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC6BA06FF35FF6DFEFBFF44" box="[232,374,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="930">Parasesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC6BA06FDC5FF6EFD62FF44" baseAuthorityName="De Man, in Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[536,751,221,245]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Cristarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="930" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eulimene">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC6BA06FDC5FF6EFD62FF44" box="[536,751,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="930">Cristarma eulimene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC6BA06FF40FF4EFE96FEA4" authorityName=", Crosnier" authorityYear="1965" box="[157,283,253,277]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="930" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortmanni">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC6BA06FF40FF4EFE96FEA4" box="[157,283,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="930">C. ortmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have two short parallel oblique ridges on the outer surface of their chelae, a character absent in all known
<taxonomicName id="06BCE1C3FFC6BA06FFACFE8DFED6FEE4" box="[113,347,317,341]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="930" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F3C84652FFC6BA06FFACFE8DFF72FEE4" box="[113,255,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="930">Parasesarma</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
The combination of characters on the chela is unique for these two species, and combined with the fact that the male palm is oblique to almost transverse in orientation, the glabrous lateral margins of the ambulatory dactyli, the presence of dense setae between the first to third ambulatory coxae and the vulva is very low, with two sternal vulvar covers bracketing the opening, we believe a new genus is warranted. The molecular tree also supports this, with the two species clustering in a distinct clade far from all the other genera (
<figureCitation id="598786C5FFC6BA06FE4CFDEEFE6EFDC4" box="[401,483,605,629]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="91.[113,149,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[116,1448,352,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-15@91.[86,1475,347,1749]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Fig. 59. Phylogenetic relationships among selected taxa of Sesarmidae (91 OTUs), including all representatives of Chiromantes and Pseudosesarma previous to current revision of these genera. In addition, several species of Bresedium and Sesarmops are considered, as the revision also involves some of their former members. Topology and confidence values were determined by means of a phylogenetic reconstruction based on 1,096 basepairs of mtDNA (16S-tRNALeu-ND1), conducted with MrBayes, GTR+I+G as substitution model, and Parasesarma plicatum as outgroup (midpoint rooting). Posterior probabilities were determined after 4 million generations with a burn-in of 25%. All species so far classified within Chiromantes (without obvious anterolateral teeth) are shaded in blue, whereas those species that used to be classified in Pseudosesarma (carrying at least one pair of anterolateral teeth) are shaded in yellow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5351405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5351405/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="930">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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