184 lines
21 KiB
XML
184 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="65509A1DF96F09C7A020A0D05769A0EC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191685" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b3d32d1-1cb8-4508-a45a-c7608b7d8e54" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191685" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461131170211" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Foldi, Imre" docDate="2009" docId="C8140C4DFFA1FFB5FF41F8DBFF702BA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02300p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2300" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Coelostomidiidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="342D7435FFB9FFACFFD6FFCDFFB92F45" masterDocTitle="Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698597890401" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="45702203CC661B52E353B9B7483959F8">
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<mods:title id="41FB0AAF4C63331E8A0244AD4CF46FF2">Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A58204CE5E54B1DBB1D4EBCB99668FB9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8DD83846D6613EE85A0148EF6E579704">Foldi, Imre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E8A0E2C1560EAF25C3281B913FEEBCCB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="668FD0AF93F40378C48F245566512E75">
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<mods:date id="6AA0231FE39D1CF05ABEF3865CCADAD5">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A4C3328199202C6C023F6ED0989E530E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F2875F9C61CA86112395687934E1A616">2300</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6E32CB04218F374A586DC70E10F4F5DC">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E99674C0066AB5B4752D91BF09B4644D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F91CFD3D1E1A61E17DDF564BDE343306" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191685</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61CD41A27250359B6F2896112EFA3309" type="GBIF-Dataset">1b3d32d1-1cb8-4508-a45a-c7608b7d8e54</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D3E31707330AD3EF299061AC00493043" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD1008A851B1B1D0DDAAFFF53C62D486" type="Zenodo-Dep">191685</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C8140C4DFFA1FFB5FF41F8DBFF702BA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217001" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119627096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6217001" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8140C4DFFA1FFB5FF41F8DBFF702BA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8140C4DFFA1FFB5FF41F8DBFF702BA8" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="08A7EED0FFA1FFB4FF41F8DBFE762875" box="[151,463,1814,1840]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4002BD5BFFA1FFB4FF41F8DBFE762875" blockId="24.[151,463,1814,1840]" box="[151,463,1814,1840]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="1B4A0A37FFA1FFB4FF41F8DBFE762875" bold="true" box="[151,463,1814,1840]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA1FFB4FF41F8DBFE762875" bold="true" box="[151,463,1814,1840]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA1FFB4FF20F8DBFE762875" box="[246,463,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Coelostomidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coelostomidiidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08A7EED0FFA1FFB5FF41F8ADFB742C59" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4002BD5BFFA1FFB5FF41F8ADFE472E36" blockId="24.[151,1436,1888,2030]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,152,1261]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA1FFB4FF18F8ADFE1A283F" box="[206,419,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Coelostomidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coelostomidiidae</taxonomicName>
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is a small family including species characterised by large morphological variations (particularly in the antennae, legs, cicatrices and anal tube) in successive instars and in their behaviour, i.e. adult females are free-living or retained within the preadult exuviae and tests (see below). Currently, species of this family only are known from
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<collectingCountry id="38AAFDCBFFA1FFB4FD9DF819FD1E28AB" box="[587,679,2004,2030]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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and the Neotropical and
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<collectingCountry id="38AAFDCBFFA1FFB4FC0CF819FBC528AB" box="[986,1148,2004,2030]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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regions. The subfamily Coelostomidiinae was established by
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<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FDB6FF55FC902FF7" author="Morrison" box="[608,809,152,178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Morrison, H. (1927) Descriptions of new genera and species belonging to the coccid family Margarodidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 40, 99 - 109." type="journal article" year="1927">Morrison (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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in the family
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FC03FF55FB392FF7" ID-CoL="624JZ" box="[981,1152,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Margarodidae</taxonomicName>
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, and elevated to family level by
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<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FF29FF73FE102F9D" author="Koteja" box="[255,425,190,216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Koteja, J. (1974) On the phylogeny and classification of the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) (discussion based on the morphology of the mouthparts). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 19, 267 - 325." type="journal article" year="1974">Koteja (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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. The family-level status of this group was accepted by
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<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FB96FF73FAD02F9D" author="Hodgson" box="[1088,1385,190,216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Hodgson, C. & Foldi, I. (2006) A review of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and some related taxa based on the morphology of adult males. Zootaxa, 1263, 1 - 250." type="journal article" year="2006">Hodgson & Foldi (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FF41FF28FE172FBA" author="Gullan" box="[151,430,229,255]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Gullan, P. J. & Cook, L. G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). In: Zhang Z. - Q, Shear WA, editors. Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 413 - 425." type="journal article" year="2007">Gullan & Cook (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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. The
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<collectingCountry id="38AAFDCBFFA0FFB5FE27FF28FD2A2FBA" box="[497,659,229,255]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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coelostomidiids,
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FCBFFF28FB2F2FBA" ID-CoL="3RY5" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[873,1174,229,255]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Coelostomidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FCBFFF28FBA02FBB" box="[873,1049,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Coelostomidia</emphasis>
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Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FB04FF28FEB42E63" ID-CoL="84PF" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Ultracoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FB04FF28FA252FBB" box="[1234,1436,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ultracoelostoma</emphasis>
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Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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, were revised and well illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FD1DFEC1FC3F2E63" author="Morales" box="[715,902,268,294]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Morales, C. F. (1991) Margarodidae (Insecta: Hemiptera). Fauna of New Zealand, 21, 1 - 123" type="journal article" year="1991">Morales (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="38AAFDCBFFA0FFB5FC45FEC1FC0D2E63" box="[915,948,268,294]" name="American Samoa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">As</collectingCountry>
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regards the status of the family, it seems likely to be monophyletic based on the morphology of adult males (
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<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FC7EFEFFFB792E09" author="Hodgson" box="[936,1216,306,332]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Hodgson, C. & Foldi, I. (2005) Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison and related taxa (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) based on adult male structure. pp. 35 - 49 in Proceeding of the X International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies 19 th- 23 rd April 2004. Adana, Turkey." type="journal volume" year="2005">Hodgson & Foldi, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) and adult females and nymphs (
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<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FEE2FE94FE482E36" author="Morrison" box="[308,497,345,371]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Morrison, H. (1928) A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family Margarodidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington D. C. Technical Bulletin, 52, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1928">Morrison, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4002BD5BFFA0FFB5FF13FE4DFB742C59" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1261]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Most adult female coelostomidiids are « pupillarial » forms, i.e, the adult females are retained and oviposit within the strongly sclerotised exuviae of the preceding preadult female stage (i.e., in the genera
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FF41FE00FE1D2EA2" ID-CoL="3WLZ" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" box="[151,420,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Cryptokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FF41FE00FE852EA3" box="[151,316,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cryptokermes</emphasis>
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Hempel
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FE66FE00FD7F2EA2" ID-CoL="5T7W" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[432,710,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Mimosicerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FE66FE00FDF02EA3" box="[432,585,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mimosicerya</emphasis>
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Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FD05FE00FBB52EA2" ID-CoL="63J5W" authority="Morrison" authorityName="Morrison" box="[723,1036,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Paracoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FD05FE00FC2D2EA3" box="[723,916,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Paracoelostoma</emphasis>
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Morrison
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FB9DFE00FA292EA2" ID-CoL="84PF" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[1099,1424,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Ultracoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FB9DFE00FAA92EA3" box="[1099,1296,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ultracoelostoma</emphasis>
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Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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), whereas adult females of
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FE1AFE39FD4E2D4B" ID-CoL="3RY5" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[460,759,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Coelostomidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FE1AFE39FDC22D48" box="[460,635,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Coelostomidia</emphasis>
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Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FCE2FE39FBEA2D4B" ID-CoL="5Z4R" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" box="[820,1107,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neocoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FCE2FE39FC552D48" box="[820,1004,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Neocoelostoma</emphasis>
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Hempel
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</taxonomicName>
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are not pupillarial, possess well-developed legs and leave the exuviae of the preadult to oviposit. The adult females of
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FB10FDD7FAD22D76" ID-CoL="3WLZ" box="[1222,1387,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Cryptokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FB10FDD7FAD22D76" box="[1222,1387,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cryptokermes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FF41FD8CFE852D1F" ID-CoL="5T7W" box="[151,316,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Mimosicerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FF41FD8CFE852D1F" box="[151,316,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mimosicerya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a large, sclerotised zone on the head, which extends onto the thorax; an identical sclerotised zone is also present on
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FDEBFDA5FD5B2DC4" ID-CoL="63TN2" box="[573,738,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Stigmacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FDEBFDA5FD5B2DC4" box="[573,738,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stigmacoccus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (Stigmacoccidae). In contrast, the adult female of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FF32FD42FE1F2DED" ID-CoL="63J5W" box="[228,422,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Paracoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FF32FD42FE1F2DED" box="[228,422,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Paracoelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks a sclerotised zone on the head but the anal area becomes slightly sclerotised at maturity. Adult females of the genera
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FD8FFD78FCBD2D8B" ID-CoL="3RY5" box="[601,772,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Coelostomidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FD8FFD78FCBD2D8B" box="[601,772,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Coelostomidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FCC2FD78FC702D8B" ID-CoL="5Z4R" box="[788,969,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neocoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FCC2FD78FC702D8B" box="[788,969,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Neocoelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FBD5FD78FB712D8B" ID-CoL="84PF" box="[1027,1224,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Ultracoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FBD5FD78FB712D8B" box="[1027,1224,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ultracoelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lack a sclerotised zone on both head and anal area. In addition, the immature instars of most species secrete a white wax tube from the margins of their anus, which serves to carry the liquid excreta away from the body.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08A7EED0FFA0FFB5FF13FCE4FF702BA8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4002BD5BFFA0FFB5FF13FCE4FF702BA8" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,1261]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Adult females of
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FE43FCE4FDDC2C06" box="[405,613,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Coelostomidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coelostomidiidae</taxonomicName>
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are characterised by the following features: the mobile adult females of
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FF6FFC9DFED52C2C" box="[185,364,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Coelostomidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FF6FFC9DFED52C2C" box="[185,364,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Coelostomidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FE7FFC9DFDDF2C2C" box="[425,614,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Neocoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FE7FFC9DFDDF2C2C" box="[425,614,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Neocoelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have abundant hairs, hair-like setae and flagellate setae, abundant multilocular pores, and well-developed legs and antennae. The adult females of species that remain within the preadult exuviae (
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<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FEA0FC50FD982CF3" box="[374,545,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Cryptokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FEA0FC50FD982CF3" box="[374,545,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cryptokermes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FDE4FC50FC102CF3" box="[562,937,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FDE4FC50FD6C2CF3" box="[562,725,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Mimosicerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mimosicerya</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FD37FC50FC102CF3" box="[737,937,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Paracoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracoelostoma</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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|
and
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|
<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FC30FC50FB0A2CF3" box="[998,1203,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Ultracoelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FC30FC50FB0A2CF3" box="[998,1203,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ultracoelostoma</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
) have fewer setae, spines and pores and the legs and antennae are reduced. Mouthparts are present or greatly reduced or absent; the atria of the thoracic spiracles are without pores but each spiracle has a cluster of multilocular pores outside near peritreme; each spiracle also has an apodeme; there are 7 pairs of abdominal spiracles, and the most? posterior pairs may be smaller than the others; the atria of which spiracles? have multilocular pores; cicatrices are present in nymphal instars and usually absent on adult females, except that small cicatrices may be present on the ventral head region of the adult female, as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87BDC6D8FFA0FFB5FD2DFB48FA922BDA" authority="Green (Morales, 1991)" authorityName="Green (Morales" authorityYear="1991" box="[763,1323,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Coelostomidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
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<emphasis id="72C96149FFA0FFB5FD2DFB48FBAD2BDB" box="[763,1044,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Coelostomidia montana</emphasis>
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|
Green (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="242CC0AAFFA0FFB5FBA4FB48FA9B2BDA" author="Morales" box="[1138,1314,1157,1183]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Morales, C. F. (1991) Margarodidae (Insecta: Hemiptera). Fauna of New Zealand, 21, 1 - 123" type="journal article" year="1991">Morales, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
. The anal opening is usually apical; the anal tube is rather membranous with or without a sclerotised ring at the inner end.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |