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<document ID-DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53256720-2b2c-4dc2-9876-0a3b163e869d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7040828" ID-ZooBank="B6D071D8-6D56-46FD-B1B6-250394D9D6F7" approvalRequired="7" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="5" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1662030522142" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hassan, Muhammad Asghar &amp; Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2022" docId="03E10867FFA0FFBB348BB519FF64E7A0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5180.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5180 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.9:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Apertochrysa undefined-4" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFD8701FFFBFFF9B341CB773FFAFE551" masterDocTitle="The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1662144040392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hassan, Muhammad Asghar</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2590-5781</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kakojan112@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-09-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5180</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>83</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">53256720-2b2c-4dc2-9876-0a3b163e869d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7040828</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B6D071D8-6D56-46FD-B1B6-250394D9D6F7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E10867FFA0FFBB348BB519FF64E7A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E10867FFA0FFBB348BB519FF64E7A0" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection box="[151,377,618,645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,377,618,681]" box="[151,377,618,645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,377,618,645]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="4">
<taxonomicName box="[151,377,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Apertochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,377,618,645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,312,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Apertochrysa</emphasis>
sp. 4
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,337,654,681]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,377,618,681]" box="[151,337,654,681]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,288,655,681]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStart-2="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="32.[151,250,1694,1718]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionStartId-2="34.[151,250,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox-0="[200,1390,1033,1666]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetBox-2="[157,1437,187,1148]" captionTargetId-0="figure-291@32.[189,1398,1029,1671]" captionTargetId-1="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@34.[151,1437,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionTargetPageId-2="34" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. Dorsal habitus. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." captionText-2="FIGURE 23. Apertochrysa sp. 4. A. Female genitalia, lateral view; B. Same, ventral view. CE. Spermatheca; F. Subgenitale, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (AB). Abbreviations: cc = callus cerci; gl = gonaphophyses lateralis; inv = invagination; S = sternum; pr = ventrally projecting process on neck of subgenitale; sd = spermathecal duct; sg = subgenitale; sm = spermatheca; T = tergum; T9+ect = fused ninth tergum and ectoproct; vel = spermathecal velum." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040889" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040898" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7040889/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7040898/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 2123</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[300,329,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,187,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-21@74.[171,1417,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 55. Distribution map of the Apertochrysa species from Pakistan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040957/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">55</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,726,897]" box="[151,387,726,753]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,387,726,753]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis and notes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,726,897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName box="[199,408,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Apertochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-4">
<emphasis box="[199,350,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Apertochrysa</emphasis>
sp. 4
</taxonomicName>
is almost identical to
<taxonomicName box="[651,861,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Apertochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis box="[651,802,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Apertochrysa</emphasis>
sp.
<quantity box="[847,861,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in external body characters and the shape of female genitalia (males unknown). However, it can be distinguished by the long dark brown setae on pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[1326,1429,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22D</figureCitation>
) and the feebly curved pretarsal claws (
<figureCitation box="[591,696,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName box="[818,1033,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Apertochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis box="[818,969,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Apertochrysa</emphasis>
sp. 5
</taxonomicName>
, the pronotum is covered with pale yellow setae and pretarsal claws are distinctly curved (
<figureCitation box="[762,901,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,184,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-19@35.[151,1436,181,1648]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 25. Apertochrysa sp. 5. Female. A. Head, frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; E. Hind pretarsal claw. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (CD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040902/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 25C, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,942,2041]" box="[151,289,942,968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,289,942,968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,942,2041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Measurements (
<specimenCount box="[380,397,978,1004]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female"></specimenCount>
n=1). Forewing: length 11.0 mm, width
<quantity box="[855,944,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; hindwing: length 10.0 mm, width 3.0 mm; body length:
<quantity box="[299,388,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,942,2041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Head (
<figureCitation box="[278,462,1050,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 22AB, D</figureCitation>
). Vertex moderately raised, with four dark pink spots in dorsal view. Frons with a crescentic pink stripe above tentorial pits. Interantennal marking dark pink. Clypeus with lateral dark pink stripes. Labrum with lateral dark stripes. Genae with a broad median transverse dark brown spot. Maxillary palpi dark brown, pale yellow at both ends, covered with short yellow setae. Labial palpi pale yellow, terminal segment with a median dark brown spot, pointed at apex, covered with short yellow setae. Antennae shorter than forewing, pale yellow, unmarked; scape laterally with a narrow longitudinal dark pink stripe; pedicel dark pink stripe on subdistal margin; covered with short pale setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,942,2041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Thorax (
<figureCitation box="[297,404,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22D</figureCitation>
). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length
<quantity box="[913,1017,1300,1327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[1102,1208,1300,1326]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.92">0.92 mm</quantity>
), sublateral margins with a dark pink stripe, anterolaterally at proximal 1/3 with a dark brown spot, covered with black setae; lateral margins with two dark brown spots, one at proximal and second at distal margin in lateral view; covered with yellow setae. Mesonotum with sublateral margins with a narrow dark pink stripe, anterior- and posterolateral margins with a dark brown spot; prescutum with lateral margins dark brown, sparsely covered with yellow setae; mesoscutum sublaterally with a narrow dark pink spot. Metanotum sublaterally with a narrow dark pink stripe; metascutum posterolaterally with dark spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,942,2041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Legs (
<figureCitation box="[270,374,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
). Pale unmarked, covered with short pale setae. Pretarsal claws simple, quadrate at base (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,942,2041]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Wings (
<figureCitation box="[286,369,1621,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[200,1390,1033,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-291@32.[189,1398,1029,1671]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 21. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. Dorsal habitus. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040889/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (59). Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets (cv) dark brown, except 212 veinlets with a median yellow band. Subcostal area with a dark basal subcostal crossvein (bsx), while crossveins below pterostigma brownish yellow. Pterostigma slightly pale. 11 radial cells; radial crossveins straight, dark, except proximal five veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, proximal third and fourth branches, and marginal forks dark brown. 10 radial cells; four Banksian cells (b cell), four lower Banksian cells (b cell). Two series of gradates, dark brown; four inner gradates (ig) and six outer (og) gradates. Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu2) dark brown. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown. Pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow, branches dark branches with a median yellow band. Anal veins pale yellow, distal branches dark brown. Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im1) ovate. Second median cell (m2) slightly shorter than third median cell (m3). Three intracubital cells (two closed); first intracubital cell (icu1) slightly shorter than second intracubital cell (icu2). Third intracubital cell (icu3) with an indistinct dark spot at proximal margin. Hindwing: Costal area narrow. Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three brownish crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma slightly pale. Four b cells (including the small basal cell); four b cells. Nine radial cells; radial crossveins dark, except proximal third and fourth veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, except proximal margin, and the first crossvein dark brown; second to fourth proximal crossveins with a median yellow band. Two series of gradates; three inner gradates; five outer gradates; dark brown. Radial crossveins dark brown, proximal two veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, proximally dark brown. Psm, Psc, cubital and anal veins pale. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown with a median yellow band. Pseudocubitus (Psc) and branches pale yellow, except proximal margin dark brown.Anal veins pale yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation box="[326,468,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[162,1434,455,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-93@33.[151,1436,453,1900]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apertochrysa sp. 4. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claw; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AB), 1.0 mm (DE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040892/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 22DE</figureCitation>
). Tergum pale yellow, dark pink stripes at lateral margins, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale yellow, covered with short yellow setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Female genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[401,540,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[157,1437,187,1148]" captionTargetId="figure-21@34.[151,1437,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 23. Apertochrysa sp. 4. A. Female genitalia, lateral view; B. Same, ventral view. CE. Spermatheca; F. Subgenitale, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (AB). Abbreviations: cc = callus cerci; gl = gonaphophyses lateralis; inv = invagination; S = sternum; pr = ventrally projecting process on neck of subgenitale; sd = spermathecal duct; sg = subgenitale; sm = spermatheca; T = tergum; T9+ect = fused ninth tergum and ectoproct; vel = spermathecal velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7040898/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 23AF</figureCitation>
). Tergum 8 (T8) (T8) subtrapezoidal in lateral view. Tergite 9+ectoproct (T9+e) quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S7) quadrate in ventral view. Callus cerci (cc) oval, with ~27 short trichobothria. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) rounded in lateral view. Subgenitale (sg) long, bilobed distally. Spermatheca (sm) small, doughnut-shaped, with a distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in ventral view. Spermathecal velum (vel) elongated, bilobed distally in ventral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>