The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species Author Hassan, Muhammad Asghar 0000-0003-2590-5781 kakojan112@gmail.com Author Liu, Xingyue text Zootaxa 2022 2022-09-01 5180 1 1 83 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1 journal article https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1 53256720-2b2c-4dc2-9876-0a3b163e869d 1175-5326 7040828 B6D071D8-6D56-46FD-B1B6-250394D9D6F7 Apertochrysa sp. 4 ( Figs 21–23 , 55 ) Diagnosis and notes Apertochrysa sp. 4 is almost identical to Apertochrysa sp. 5 in external body characters and the shape of female genitalia (males unknown). However, it can be distinguished by the long dark brown setae on pronotum ( Fig. 22D ) and the feebly curved pretarsal claws ( Fig. 22C ), while in Apertochrysa sp. 5 , the pronotum is covered with pale yellow setae and pretarsal claws are distinctly curved ( Figs 25C, E ). Description Measurements ( ♀ n=1). Forewing: length 11.0 mm, width 3.5 mm ; hindwing: length 10.0 mm, width 3.0 mm; body length: 7.8 mm . Head ( Figs 22A–B, D ). Vertex moderately raised, with four dark pink spots in dorsal view. Frons with a crescentic pink stripe above tentorial pits. Interantennal marking dark pink. Clypeus with lateral dark pink stripes. Labrum with lateral dark stripes. Genae with a broad median transverse dark brown spot. Maxillary palpi dark brown, pale yellow at both ends, covered with short yellow setae. Labial palpi pale yellow, terminal segment with a median dark brown spot, pointed at apex, covered with short yellow setae. Antennae shorter than forewing, pale yellow, unmarked; scape laterally with a narrow longitudinal dark pink stripe; pedicel dark pink stripe on subdistal margin; covered with short pale setae. Thorax ( Fig. 22D ). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.58 mm , width 0.92 mm ), sublateral margins with a dark pink stripe, anterolaterally at proximal 1/3 with a dark brown spot, covered with black setae; lateral margins with two dark brown spots, one at proximal and second at distal margin in lateral view; covered with yellow setae. Mesonotum with sublateral margins with a narrow dark pink stripe, anterior- and posterolateral margins with a dark brown spot; prescutum with lateral margins dark brown, sparsely covered with yellow setae; mesoscutum sublaterally with a narrow dark pink spot. Metanotum sublaterally with a narrow dark pink stripe; metascutum posterolaterally with dark spots. Legs ( Fig. 22E ). Pale unmarked, covered with short pale setae. Pretarsal claws simple, quadrate at base ( Fig. 22C ). Wings ( Fig. 21 ). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (5–9). Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets (cv) dark brown, except 2–12 veinlets with a median yellow band. Subcostal area with a dark basal subcostal crossvein (bsx), while crossveins below pterostigma brownish yellow. Pterostigma slightly pale. 11 radial cells; radial crossveins straight, dark, except proximal five veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, proximal third and fourth branches, and marginal forks dark brown. 10 radial cells; four Banksian cells (b cell), four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, dark brown; four inner gradates (ig) and six outer (og) gradates. Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu2) dark brown. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown. Pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow, branches dark branches with a median yellow band. Anal veins pale yellow, distal branches dark brown. Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im1) ovate. Second median cell (m2) slightly shorter than third median cell (m3). Three intracubital cells (two closed); first intracubital cell (icu1) slightly shorter than second intracubital cell (icu2). Third intracubital cell (icu3) with an indistinct dark spot at proximal margin. Hindwing: Costal area narrow. Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three brownish crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma slightly pale. Four b cells (including the small basal cell); four b’ cells. Nine radial cells; radial crossveins dark, except proximal third and fourth veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, except proximal margin, and the first crossvein dark brown; second to fourth proximal crossveins with a median yellow band. Two series of gradates; three inner gradates; five outer gradates; dark brown. Radial crossveins dark brown, proximal two veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, proximally dark brown. Psm, Psc, cubital and anal veins pale. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown with a median yellow band. Pseudocubitus (Psc) and branches pale yellow, except proximal margin dark brown.Anal veins pale yellow. Abdomen ( Figs 22D–E ). Tergum pale yellow, dark pink stripes at lateral margins, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Female genitalia ( Figs 23A–F ). Tergum 8 (T8) (T8) subtrapezoidal in lateral view. Tergite 9+ectoproct (T9+e) quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S7) quadrate in ventral view. Callus cerci (cc) oval, with ~27 short trichobothria. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) rounded in lateral view. Subgenitale (sg) long, bilobed distally. Spermatheca (sm) small, doughnut-shaped, with a distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in ventral view. Spermathecal velum (vel) elongated, bilobed distally in ventral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).