522 lines
58 KiB
XML
522 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f309b9a6-ba6b-4f63-96b6-caf37e4e2a21" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815490" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792308" ID-ZooBank="20B00870-7416-4583-ADE0-4302E5571B66" approvalRequired="57" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="57" checkinTime="1587999934386" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anweiler, Gary G." docDate="2009" docId="F544023F5B5BFFFA19AF03882AF1FED0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1990.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 9 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@52c7884c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Panthea furcilla subsp. furcilla furcilla (Packard" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="097D7A475B55FFEA1923032E2837FFD7" masterDocTitle="Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="97" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1643568514638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">87B63195-32B4-4FAF-8732-54242BF1FAA9</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>E. H. Strickland Entomological Museum, 218 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T 6 G 2 E 9</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gganweiler@shaw.ca)</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2009-05-12</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>97</mods:start>
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<mods:end>134</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.9.157</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f309b9a6-ba6b-4f63-96b6-caf37e4e2a21</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576456</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">20B00870-7416-4583-ADE0-4302E5571B66</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792308" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792308" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5BFFFA19AF03882AF1FED0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F544023F5B5BFFFA19AF03882AF1FED0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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<subSubSection box="[140,540,166,194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,540,166,229]" box="[140,540,166,194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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<heading box="[140,540,166,194]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="furcilla (Packard)" baseAuthorityName="Packard" box="[140,540,166,194]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="furcilla" subSpecies="furcilla">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,426,166,193]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea furcilla furcilla</emphasis>
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(Packard)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,399,202,229]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,540,166,229]" box="[140,399,202,229]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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Figs.
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<figureCitation box="[199,270,202,228]" captionStart="Figures 12-27" captionStartId="31.[140,222,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[181,1067,165,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1067,165,1347]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figures 12-27. Panthea adults 12. P. f. furcilla ♀, Berkshire Co., MA, USA; 13. P. f. furcilla ♁, holotype of pallescens, Queen’s Co., NS, CAN; 14. P.f.furcilla ♁ Franklin Co., MA, USA; 15. P.f.furcilla ♁ Redwater, AB, CAN; 16. P. f.furcilla ♁, holotype of atrescens, QC, CAN; 17. P. f. furcilla ♁, holotype of centralis, QC, CAN; 18. P. f. furcilla ♁ (melanic), Windham Co., CT., USA; 19. P. f. furcilla – f. australis intermediate ♁, Owsley Co., KY, USA; 20. P. f. furcilla – f. australis intermediate ♁, Owsley Co., KY, USA; 21. P. f. australis ♁ holotype, Whitfield Co, GA, USA; 22. P. f. australis ♀, Whitfield Co, GA, USA; 23. P. f. australis ♀, Oregon Co., MO, USA; 24. P.f.australis ♁, Jefferson Co.TX, USA; 25. P. greyi ♁, Cochise Co., AZ, USA; 26. P. greyi ♁ holotype, Cochise Co., AZ, USA; 27. P. greyi ♀, Cochise Co., AZ, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771578/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">12-18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[282,314,202,229]" captionStart="Figures 50-57" captionStartId="34.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[146,1108,182,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 50-57. Panthea male genitalia 50. P. virginarius, Josephine Co. OR., USA; 51. P. virginarius Wyoming variant, Lincoln Co., WY., USA; 52. P. acronyctoides nigra, Albany Co., WY, USA; 53. P. a. acronyctoides, Steuben, ME, USA; 54. P. furcilla furcilla, Norfolk Co., MA., USA; 55. P.furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA.USA; 56. Panthea f.furcilla - f. australis intermediate specimens, showing variation in size of basal cornuti; a. P.G. Co., MD; b, c. Owsley Co., KY; d. Elko Co., PA. 57. P. greyi. Coconino Co., AZ, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">54</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[326,358,202,229]" captionStart="Figures 58-68" captionStartId="35.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[197,1038,190,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P.acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f.furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f.furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">65</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[370,399,202,228]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[140,174,830,852]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,811]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[141,1107,166,810]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 71. Distribution of examined specimens of P. furcilla and P. greyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771600/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">71</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="111" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,272,721]" box="[140,612,272,298]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,612,272,298]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitation author="Packard AS" box="[140,607,272,298]" page="331" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1864">
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<treatmentCitation author="Packard AS" box="[140,548,272,298]" page="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1864">
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<taxonomicName authority="Packard, 1864: 3" authorityName="Packard." authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1864" box="[140,548,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
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<emphasis box="[140,346,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Platycerura furcilla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Packard AS" box="[354,548,272,298]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="374" part="3" refId="ref18320" refString="Packard AS (1864) Synopsis of the Bombycidae of the United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 3: 374." title="Synopsis of the Bombycidae of the United States" type="journal article" year="1864">Packard, 1864: 3</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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: 331
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,272,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Packard)" baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[140,430,307,334]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
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<emphasis box="[140,312,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea furcilla</emphasis>
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(Packard)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Smith JB" box="[441,622,307,334]" page="31" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1891">
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" bookContentInfo="124 pp." box="[441,622,307,334]" journalOrPublisher="P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" refId="ref18485" refString="Smith JB (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia, 124 pp." title="List of Lepidoptera of boreal America" type="book" year="1891">Smith 1891: 31</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB & Dyar HG" bookContentInfo="194 pp." box="[634,921,307,334]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" part="21" refId="ref18562" refString="Smith JB, Dyar HG (1898) Contributions toward a monograph of the Lepidopterous Family Noctuidae of boreal North America. A revision of the species of Acronycta (Ochsenheimer) and of certain allied genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21 (1140): 194 pp." title="Contributions toward a monograph of the Lepidopterous Family Noctuidae of boreal North America. A revision of the species of Acronycta (Ochsenheimer) and of certain allied genera" type="journal volume" year="1898">Smith and Dyar 1898:15</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Dyar HG" box="[933,1103,308,334]" page="98" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation author="Dyar HG" box="[933,1103,308,334]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 723" part="52" refId="ref17579" refString="Dyar HG (1902) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 52: 1 - 723." title="A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects" type="journal article" year="1902">Dyar 1902: 98</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Smith JB" box="[185,372,343,369]" page="98" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1903">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" bookContentInfo="136 pp." box="[185,372,343,369]" journalOrPublisher="American Entomological Society, Philadelphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" refId="ref18537" refString="Smith JB (1903) Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, vi + 136 pp." title="Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America" type="book" year="1903">Smith 1903: 98</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation author="Barnes W & McDunnough J" box="[387,806,343,369]" page="83" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1917">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barnes W & McDunnough J" bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[387,806,343,369]" journalOrPublisher="Herald Press, Decatur" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" refId="ref17357" refString="Barnes W, McDunnough J (1917) Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, 392 pp." title="Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America" type="book" year="1917">Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 83</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="McDunnough, J" box="[821,1103,342,369]" page="54" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough, J" box="[821,1103,342,369]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 272" part="1" refId="ref18169" refString="McDunnough, J (1938) Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1: 1 - 272." title="Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1938">McDunnough 1938: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Franclemont JG & Todd EL" box="[185,572,378,404]" page="134" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1983">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG & Todd EL" box="[185,572,378,404]" editor="Hodges RW" journalOrPublisher="EW Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation London" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="120 - 159" refId="ref17666" refString="Franclemont JG, Todd EL (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges RW (Ed.) Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. EW Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation London, 120 - 159." title="Noctuidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico" year="1983">Franclemont and Todd 1983: 134</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,272,721]" box="[140,773,413,440]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,773,413,440]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="(Packard)" baseAuthorityName="Packard" box="[140,454,413,440]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diphthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
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<emphasis box="[140,336,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Diphthera furcilla</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation box="[343,773,413,440]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">(Packard); Draudt. In: Seitz 1924: 18.</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,272,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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||
<treatmentCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[140,741,448,475]" page="153" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1937">
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<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough, 1937: 153" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityPageNumber="153" authorityYear="1937" box="[140,741,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="furcilla" subSpecies="pallescens">
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<emphasis box="[140,427,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea furcilla pallescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[437,741,448,475]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="53" part="69" refId="ref18151" refString="McDunnough J (1937) Undescribed species and varieties of Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 69: 53." title="Undescribed species and varieties of Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1937">McDunnough, 1937: 153</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation author="McDunnough, J" box="[757,1040,448,475]" page="54" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1938">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough, J" box="[757,1040,448,475]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 272" part="1" refId="ref18169" refString="McDunnough, J (1938) Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1: 1 - 272." title="Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1938">McDunnough 1938: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">New synonymy.</emphasis>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,272,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough, 1942" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[140,596,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
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<emphasis box="[140,340,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[352,596,519,545]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[612,823,518,545]" page="291" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1954">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[612,823,518,545]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, Memoirs" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 433" part="329" refId="ref17633" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part 3 Noctuidae. Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." title="Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part 3 Noctuidae" type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes 1954: 291</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Franclemont and Todd 1963: 134.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,272,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[140,745,589,615]" page="94" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1942">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough, 1942: 94" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1942" box="[140,745,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pallescens" subSpecies="centralis">
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||
<emphasis box="[140,440,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea pallescens centralis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[452,745,589,615]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough, 1942: 94</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Franclemont JG & Todd EL" page="134" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG & Todd EL" editor="Hodges RW" journalOrPublisher="EW Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation London" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="120 - 159" refId="ref17666" refString="Franclemont JG, Todd EL (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges RW (Ed.) Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. EW Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation London, 120 - 159." title="Noctuidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico" year="1983">Franclemont and Todd 1983: 134</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[244,432,624,650]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">New synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,272,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough, 1942" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1942" box="[140,747,659,686]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallescens" variety="atrescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,340,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,493,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">atrescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[504,747,659,686]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Franclemont JG & Todd EL" page="134" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG & Todd EL" editor="Hodges RW" journalOrPublisher="EW Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation London" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="120 - 159" refId="ref17666" refString="Franclemont JG, Todd EL (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges RW (Ed.) Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. EW Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation London, 120 - 159." title="Noctuidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico" year="1983">Franclemont and Todd 1983: 134</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. unavailable infrasubspecific name.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[636,826,695,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">New synonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,314,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" reason="1">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610629301" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Packard, 1864" authorityName="Packard." authorityYear="1864" box="[323,710,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[323,532,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Platycerura furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Packard AS" box="[542,710,765,791]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="374" part="3" refId="ref18320" refString="Packard AS (1864) Synopsis of the Bombycidae of the United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 3: 374." title="Synopsis of the Bombycidae of the United States" type="journal article" year="1864">Packard, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[733,857,765,792]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">2 syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
, one apparently lost). The extant
|
||
<typeStatus box="[270,356,801,827]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a dissected male in MCZ, Cambridge MA bearing the following labels: “
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,365,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
Type”/ “M.C.Z. Type 26319”/
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pack." authorityName="Pack." box="[737,1021,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[737,948,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Platycerura furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
Pack.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type”/ “745”/#245” and is accompanied by a slide preparation of the valves, aedeagus with everted vesica, and abdominal pelt, with two labels reading “MCZ 1139”/ and “#MZ –1
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pack." authorityName="Pack." box="[179,458,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,387,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Platycerura furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
Pack.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Type J.G. Franclemont.” This specimen is hereby designated as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[239,341,976,1002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and a label printed on red card reading “
|
||
<typeStatus box="[805,920,976,1002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pack." authorityName="Pack." class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Platycerura furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
Pack.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ G.G. Anweiler 2009” will be placed with the specimen. Dorsal and ventral images of the specimen, the slide and all labels except the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[799,901,1047,1073]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
label are available online at http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/MCZ/FMPro.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,765,1672]" box="[185,590,1117,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[185,240,1118,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[353,516,1117,1143]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[528,586,1117,1143]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough, 1937" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[185,716,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="furcilla" subSpecies="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,467,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea furcilla pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610629304" country="Canada" county="Queens Co." location="White Point Beach" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nova Scotia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[475,716,1152,1178]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="53" part="69" refId="ref18151" refString="McDunnough J (1937) Undescribed species and varieties of Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 69: 53." title="Undescribed species and varieties of Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1937">McDunnough, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[728,835,1152,1178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, CNC, examined. Type locality:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5BFFFA19AF03882AF1FED0:7832E5F25B5BFFE41808078D2A33FB6A" box="[299,516,1187,1213]" country="Canada" county="Queens Co." name="White Point Beach" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Nova Scotia">White Point Beach</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[528,665,1188,1214]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Queens Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[678,817,1187,1214]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[829,919,1187,1213]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough, 1942" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1942" box="[185,721,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pallescens" subSpecies="centralis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,475,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea pallescens centralis</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610629305" country="Norway" location="Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quebec" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[482,721,1223,1249]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[732,839,1223,1249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, CNC, examined. Type Locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[308,399,1258,1284]" name="Norway" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5BFFFA19AF03882AF1FED0:7832E5F25B5BFFE418B507C429F6FAD3" box="[406,449,1258,1284]" country="Norway" name="Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Quebec">Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[460,551,1258,1284]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Québec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[563,653,1258,1284]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough, 1942" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1942" box="[185,791,1293,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallescens" variety="atrescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,385,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610629303" country="Norway" location="Unavailable" municipality="Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quebec" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[444,536,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">atrescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[546,791,1293,1319]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[804,912,1293,1319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, CNC, examined. Type Locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[413,505,1329,1355]" name="Norway" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[514,558,1329,1355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[570,662,1328,1354]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Québec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[675,766,1328,1354]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5BFFFA19AF03882AF1FED0:7832E5F25B5BFFE41A29061E2BA7FA9D" box="[778,912,1328,1354]" country="Norway" municipality="Bay" name="Unavailable" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Quebec">Unavailable</location>
|
||
infra-subspecific name.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,765,1672]" lastBlockId="15.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1398,1424]" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,307,1398,1424]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The genitalic characters defining the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[736,844,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[736,752,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,844,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group (inflated vesica elongate with a single terminal cornutus in the male; corpus bursae partially constricted creating two sections in the female) will separate
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[836,940,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[836,940,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P. furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[140,228,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,228,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Panthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[314,390,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[314,390,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P. greyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[547,650,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[547,650,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P. furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[997,1073,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[997,1073,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P. greyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by range (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[218,298,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,234,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[248,298,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">greyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
west of the Great Plains from Colorado south,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[828,936,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,844,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,936,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[972,1058,1539,1565]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[229,383,1575,1601]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
east of the Great Plains), and by the much smaller, straighter, terminal cornutus on the vesica. The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[680,762,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[680,696,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,762,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">greyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide ductus bursae that gradually expands into the corpus bursae;
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[616,724,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,632,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[647,724,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="111">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrow ductus that expands abruptly into bursa. Nominate
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[503,613,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,519,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[536,613,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[886,1025,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="furcilla" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,1025,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the second, smaller cornutus near the base of the vesica in
|
||
<emphasis box="[756,845,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">australis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,488,237,263]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,336,237,263]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
and biology.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[493,664,237,263]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[493,664,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Panthea furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs widely in coniferous woodlands, in particular pine forests, throughout eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[661,716,272,298]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[862,951,272,298]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from eastern Texas east to Florida, north to the northern edge of the boreal forest in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[929,1018,307,333]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, west to northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[290,487,343,369]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[503,586,343,369]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[140,174,830,852]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,811]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[141,1107,166,810]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 71. Distribution of examined specimens of P. furcilla and P. greyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771600/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adults fly almost year round at the southern edge of the range in Texas and Louisiana (V. Brou pers. comm.), with the flight period shortening to June and July in boreal
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[565,655,413,439]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,448,474]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,293,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
For the past 50 years, since
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[617,866,448,474]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[958,1059,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[958,1059,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[351,453,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[351,453,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">P. furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[581,682,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[581,682,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has generally been applied at the species level to the smaller, lighter gray populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[710,798,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[710,798,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Panthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring widely across the northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[288,439,554,580]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and boreal
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[568,657,554,580]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
; they are characterized as having a single cornutus on the vesica. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[524,601,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[524,601,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has generally been used for the larger, darker
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[140,228,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,228,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Panthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[415,567,624,650]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
that has a second smaller “rose-thorn” cornutus on the vesica near the base. McDunnough sent specimens from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[970,1056,659,685]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from New Jersey to a Dr. Banks to compare with the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[771,819,695,721]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[862,939,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[862,939,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in MCZ, and based on the response he received, concluded that the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[959,1036,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,1036,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had a short, thick pointed cornutus in the vesica and an apical spine of the so called rosethorn
|
||
<typeStatus box="[212,264,801,827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. The primaries were of a rather even purplish gray with all cross-lines very heavy and black with scarcely any white edging except on the outside of the subterminal line (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[239,474,871,897]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on this information, McDunnough elevated the pale northern population that he had initially described as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[799,948,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="furcilla" subSpecies="pallescens">
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,948,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species status (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough J" box="[188,422,941,967]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="93 - 95" part="74" refId="ref18208" refString="McDunnough J (1942) Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Canadian Entomologist 74: 93 - 95." title="Notes on Pantheinae (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Contribution No. 2138, Division of Entomology, Scientific Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa." type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, examination of images of the male
|
||
<typeStatus box="[946,994,942,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1030,1107,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1030,1107,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in particular the genitalic slide, shows clearly that the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[791,839,977,1003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[875,952,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,952,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a specimen of the smaller, paler northern
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[485,573,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[485,573,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Panthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacking the second “rose-thorn” cornutus, and that the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[304,405,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,405,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[674,751,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[674,751,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">
|
||
The relationship of these two forms, one smaller and paler with a single cornutus and one larger and darker with a second cornutus (and corresponding differences in the female genitalia) is problematic. There is no clear-cut boundary between the two populations, and no place where the two occur together. Although differing significantly from each other in size, color and genitalic structures over most of their range, specimens gradually shift in all characters from one
|
||
<typeStatus box="[746,794,1258,1284]" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
to the other across a band from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[206,315,1293,1319]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
north and east through southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[717,866,1293,1319]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[880,991,1293,1319]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Figs. 19-20, 56 a-d, 66). This appears to be another example of a species separated during the last glacial maximum into populations northwest and southeast of the Appalachians that have since re-established contact, as has been proposed for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">Grammia virgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Schmidt (in press). Arguments can be made for recognizing these two taxa as either species or as subspecies; however based on the fact that they show a progressive gradation from one form to the other in color, pattern and genitalic structures, as well as the fact that the two forms do not occur together anywhere, I treat these populations as a single species. The southern form is described as a new subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastBlockId="16.[140,1108,167,264]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">
|
||
True melanic specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[488,595,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,504,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[518,595,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">furcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 18) are common in some populations of nominate form in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[430,581,1645,1671]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="112">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klots AB" box="[595,723,1645,1671]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="142 - 144" part="72" refId="ref17967" refString="Klots AB (1964) Notes on melanism in some Connecticut moths. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 72: 142 - 144." title="Notes on melanism in some Connecticut moths" type="journal article" year="1964">Klots 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klots AB" box="[735,862,1645,1671]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="95 - 100" part="74" refId="ref17993" refString="Klots AB (1966) Melanism in Connecticut Panthea furcilla (Packard) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 74: 95 - 100." title="Melanism in Connecticut Panthea furcilla (Packard) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae" type="journal article" year="1966">Klots 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klots AB" box="[873,1000,1645,1671]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="92 - 95" part="76" refId="ref18024" refString="Klots AB (1968) Further notes on melanism in Connecticut Panthea furcilla (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 76: 92 - 95." title="Further notes on melanism in Connecticut Panthea furcilla (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" type="journal article" year="1968">Klots 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ginevan ME" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="15" pageNumber="112" pagination="195 - 200" part="79" refId="ref17728" refString="Ginevan ME (1971) Genetic control of Melanism in Panthea furcilla (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 79: 195 - 200." title="Genetic control of Melanism in Panthea furcilla (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" type="journal article" year="1971">Ginevan 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Melanic specimens are overall sooty brown with the black lines standing out. Form
|
||
<emphasis box="[209,300,203,228]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="113">atrescens</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 16) from Ontario and Quebec is a black and white form, very different in appearance from true melanic specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |