378 lines
42 KiB
XML
378 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710755" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica unicolor RUZSKY 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>179</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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<subSubSection box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitation box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authority="RUZSKY, 1926" authorityName="RUZSKY" authorityYear="1926" box="[189,594,1167,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,415,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica unicolor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation box="[421,594,1168,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">RUZSKY, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitation box="[151,665,1201,1223]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authority="RUZSKY, 1926" authorityName="RUZSKY" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,665,1201,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pratensis" subSpecies="unicolor">
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<emphasis box="[151,357,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
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ssp.
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<emphasis box="[415,507,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">unicolor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation box="[514,665,1201,1223]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">RUZSKY, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[description, diagnosis of
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<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[345,519,1232,1255]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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This taxon was described on the basis of a single worker collected at Surgut (West Siberia,
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<geoCoordinate box="[525,624,1296,1318]" degrees="62.25" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="62.25">62.25° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[635,729,1297,1318]" degrees="73.42" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="73.42">73.42° E</geoCoordinate>
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) on
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<date box="[151,294,1329,1350]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" value="1913-06-21">21 June 1913</date>
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. A synonymy with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[492,681,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
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<emphasis box="[492,681,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears possible from description.
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<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[456,637,1361,1383]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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, who might have seen the
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<typeStatus box="[307,356,1393,1414]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
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specimen, interpreted this taxon as a light coloured
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<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[309,430,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
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<emphasis box="[309,430,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. lugubris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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without a dark patch on dorsal mesosoma. Such specimens are more frequent in Siberia than in Europe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 224 nest samples with 1108 workers and 109 gynes. These originated from
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<collectingCountry box="[558,639,1585,1607]" name="Austria" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Austria</collectingCountry>
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(seven samples),
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<collectingCountry box="[212,304,1617,1639]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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(seven),
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<collectingCountry box="[395,479,1617,1639]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Czechia</collectingCountry>
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(four),
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<collectingCountry box="[554,639,1617,1639]" name="Finland" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Finland</collectingCountry>
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(42),
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<collectingCountry box="[696,771,1617,1638]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">France</collectingCountry>
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(28),
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<collectingCountry box="[210,303,1649,1671]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">England</collectingCountry>
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(two),
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<collectingCountry box="[382,485,1649,1670]" name="Germany" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(18),
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<collectingCountry box="[551,602,1649,1671]" name="Italy" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(15),
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<collectingCountry box="[668,771,1649,1671]" name="Mongolia" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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(two),
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<collectingCountry box="[219,304,1681,1702]" name="Norway" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Norway</collectingCountry>
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(10), Russian West Siberia (seven) Russian East Siberia (15),
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<collectingCountry box="[346,431,1713,1735]" name="Sweden" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(24), and
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<collectingCountry box="[540,671,1713,1735]" name="Switzerland" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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(44). For details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" lastBlockId="32.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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Geographical range. Eurosiberian, boreo-montane. The huge boreal range extends from the British Isles east to
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FF28DD70FD8B1E79" box="[225,538,1841,1863]" country="Sweden" latitude="55.5" name="Kamchatka. In Fennoscandia" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Kamchatka. In Fennoscandia</location>
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from S
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<collectingCountry box="[618,702,1841,1863]" name="Sweden" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="55.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="5555" value="55.5">55.5° N</geoCoordinate>
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) to
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FF10DD10FECA1E58" box="[217,347,1873,1895]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="North Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">North Cape</location>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[363,431,1873,1894]" degrees="71" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55555" value="71.0">71° N</geoCoordinate>
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).
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FE0ADD10FE7C1E59" box="[451,493,1873,1895]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="The" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">The</location>
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northern distribution in
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FF5EDD30FF721EB9" box="[151,227,1905,1927]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="Siberia" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Siberia</location>
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is limited by
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[366,428,1904,1926]" degrees="65" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55555" value="65.0">65° N</geoCoordinate>
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.
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FE7DDD30FDA01EB8" box="[436,561,1905,1926]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="Occurrence" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Occurrence</location>
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at low latitudes and altitudes in the
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<collectingMunicipality box="[318,465,1937,1959]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Ussuri region</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[476,572,1937,1958]" degrees="43.17" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="43.17">43.17° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[581,688,1937,1958]" degrees="132.79" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="132.79">132.79° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<quantity box="[697,762,1936,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="350.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[697,762,1936,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="350.0">350m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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) is explained by influence of cold water of the
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<collectingCounty pageId="32" pageNumber="165">West Pacific. The</collectingCounty>
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montane-subalpine population in Europe extends over the Pyrenees, Massif Central, Alps, Vosges, Schwarzwald, Bayrischer Wald, the whole Carpathians, Stara Planina, Vitosha, Rila, Pirin, and Rhodopes. In the Alps occurring at altitudes between 550 and
|
||
<quantity box="[1142,1220,272,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="2510.0">
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<elevation box="[1142,1220,272,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="2510.0">2510 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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. Under influence of Atlantic climate descending to
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<quantity box="[1144,1209,304,326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="250.0">
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||
<elevation box="[1144,1209,304,326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="250.0">250m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
(Vosges,
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<collectingCountry box="[1308,1384,305,326]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">France</collectingCountry>
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||
) and
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||
<quantity box="[816,869,336,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
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<elevation box="[816,869,336,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<collectingCountry box="[882,968,337,359]" name="Ireland" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="32.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
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||
Diagnosis of worker (
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<tableCitation box="[1222,1388,369,391]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" tableUuid="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1222,1314,369,391]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
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||
and
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||
</tableCitation>
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||
<tableCitation captionStart-0="Tab" captionStart-1="Tab" captionStart-2="Tab" captionStart-3="Tab" captionStart-4="Tab" captionStartId-0="14.[151,192,177,199]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionStartId-4="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetBox-4="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-61@14.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetId-3="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetId-4="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="Tab.4: Workers of Formica aquilonia, Formica paralugubris, Formica aquilonia × paralugubris, and collected data of all Palaearctic phenotypes of Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-1="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme number of individuals." captionText-2="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-3="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-4="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" tableUuid-1="29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" tableUuid-2="29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" tableUuid-3="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">4, Figs. 14 and 15</tableCitation>
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||
, key). Extremely polymorphic, with regional differences shown in
|
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<tableCitation box="[1202,1283,433,455]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" tableUuid="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Rather large, mean and maximum
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1046,1076,465,486]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
over all morphological and social
|
||
<typeStatus box="[816,877,497,518]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">types</typeStatus>
|
||
1805 and
|
||
<quantity box="[1000,1099,497,518]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.184" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="2184.0">2184 µm</quantity>
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||
. Scape shorter and much less slender than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[988,1234,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[988,1193,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
, SL
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1259,1288,529,550]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1288,1326,538,552]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
0.894, SL / Smax
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[894,932,570,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
9.30. Petiole wider than in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1228,1358,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1228,1358,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, PeW /
|
||
<collectionCode box="[816,845,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[846,884,602,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
0.489. Setae on eyes long, EyeHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1254,1292,602,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[1299,1369,593,614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 µm</quantity>
|
||
; setae condition on dorsal plane of scape most variable, nSc
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1437,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
usually 0 - 5 but in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="285 - 297" part="42" refId="ref46669" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2003: The " Hippie Ant " - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Sociobiology 42: 285 - 297." title="The " Hippie Ant " - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">SEIFERT 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) up to 40. Setae on head margin behind eyes always numerous but most variable in length, nCH
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1296,1334,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
25.0; average OccHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[957,995,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
usually
|
||
<quantity box="[1086,1164,753,775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="115.0">115µm</quantity>
|
||
but up to
|
||
<quantity box="[1272,1353,753,775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="235.0">235 µm</quantity>
|
||
in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph. Gular setae always numerous and long, nGu
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[971,1009,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
15.1, GuHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1142,1181,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[1185,1268,817,838]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Pronotal setae numerous but most variable in length, average mPnHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1437,858,872]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
usually
|
||
<quantity box="[897,994,881,902]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" metricValueMax="11.2" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="98.0" valueMax="112.0" valueMin="84.0">84 - 112µ</quantity>
|
||
m but in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph up to
|
||
<quantity box="[843,923,913,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="176.0">176µm</quantity>
|
||
. Number and length of mesopleural, propodeal, and metanotal setae usually large, nMes
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1256,1294,954,968]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
28.1, nPr
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,954,968]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
21.7; mMet
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[946,985,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
10.3, MetHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1138,1177,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[1186,1271,977,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="182.0">182 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Pigmentation without specific characters. The dark patch on mesosoma is usually large with diffuse margins in European popu- lations but may also be reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[816,1437,177,2023]" lastBlockId="33.[151,773,177,1127]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Diagnosis of gyne (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1150,1236,1105,1127]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="17.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,261,1991]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@17.[151,1436,249,2017]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Tab.7: Gynes of species with richer pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E276150FF5EDAF0FEEE19D9" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Tab. 7</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1260,1340,1105,1127]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[816,852,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,170,662]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig.3: Formica lugubris, gyne; paramedian surface of the dorsum of first gaster tergite. The transverse microsculpture is as weak as in Formica rufa, but the density of pubescence and microfoveolae is much higher." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582224/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, key). Extremely polymorphic. Mean number and length of setae is lowest in morph A3 from the Alps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[1232,1381,1169,1191]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and highest in the Fennoscandian Hippie-morph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="285 - 297" part="42" refId="ref46669" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2003: The " Hippie Ant " - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Sociobiology 42: 285 - 297." title="The " Hippie Ant " - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">SEIFERT 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The remaining morphs, such as the most abundant morphs A1 from the Central European mountains or morph N1 from Fennoscandia, are intermediate. The numeric data given in the following summarize data of 109 gynes from the whole geographic range and of any social and morphological
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1104,1156,1393,1414]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Rather large,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1320,1350,1393,1414]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
2213 ± 80 (1996, 2382) µm. Head short, CL / CW 0.998 ± 0.020 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[824,888,1456,1478]" degrees="0.950" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.95">0.950</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[898,962,1456,1478]" degrees="1.052" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="1.052">1.052</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Scape short and thickset, SL /
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1317,1347,1457,1478]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
0.789 ± 0.026 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[892,956,1489,1510]" degrees="0.708" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.708">0.708</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[968,1034,1488,1510]" degrees="0.857" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.857">0.857</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), SL / Smax 8.13 ± 0.37 (7.12, 9.04). Eyes always with setae, the longest occur in the Fennoscandian Hippie-morph, EyeHL 48 ± 18 (30, 151) µm. Dorsal plane of scape with most variable setae numbers, which are highest in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph, nSc 2.1 ± 3.5 (0, 21). Posterior margin of head always with setae, but these are most variable in length and number, nCH 23.2 ± 8.8 (10.5, 65.0), OccHL 156 ± 91 (40, 320) µm. Underside of head, all surfaces of mesosoma, and petiole scale always with setae of most variable length and number, nGu 18.3 ± 6.7 (8, 36), GuHL 244 ± 111 (49, 425) µm, PnHL 208 ± 93 (34 - 411), MetHL 260 ±
|
||
<quantity box="[1107,1174,1841,1862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="97.0">97µm</quantity>
|
||
(40, 375), nPe 15.5 ± 6.5 (2,33). Dorsalsurfaceofgasterappearsatlowermagnifica- tion more or less shiny. Transverse microripples on dorsum of first gaster tergite usually very weak or absent but occa- sionally more developed, then approaching the situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[816,1021,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,1021,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Foveolae and pubescence on dorsum of first gaster tergite on average more densely packed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[240,390,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[240,390,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[430,641,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[430,641,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, FodG 25.2 ± 5.7 (17.9, 50.8) µm, sqPDG 4.84 ± 1.14 (3.13, 8.06) µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,773,177,1127]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The European population is extremely polymorphic, being a mixture of (a) sympatrically occurring most different phenotypes, as for example observed in Fennoscandia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[327,485,401,423]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="285 - 297" part="42" refId="ref46669" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2003: The " Hippie Ant " - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Sociobiology 42: 285 - 297." title="The " Hippie Ant " - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">SEIFERT 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or in the Alps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and (b) of deviating but rather monomorphous regional populations, such as found in the Pyrenees or the Balkan mountains. Clustering of morphological data by exploratory data analyses and assessment of putative clusters by discriminant analyses did not allow to give one of these entities a taxonomic significance (for the special case of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[230,429,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[230,429,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[434,488,625,646]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, see section “
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[227,277,657,678]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
”, p. 166). Considering this very complicated structure, it appears astonishing that the separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,354,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,354,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all over the Palaearctic range was such clear in workers and gynes (see section “
|
||
<treatmentCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="RETZIUS, 1783" authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="RETZIUS" bookContentInfo="220 pp." box="[189,352,785,806]" firstAuthor="RETZIUS" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46339" refString="RETZIUS, A. J. 1783: Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp." title="Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse" type="book" year="1783">RETZIUS, 1783</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
”, p. 159 or
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT & GOROPASHNAYA" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Organisms, Diversity & Evolution" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="29 - 305" part="4" refId="ref47151" refString="SEIFERT, B. & GOROPASHNAYA, A. 2004: Ideal phenotypes and mismatching haplotypes errors of mtDNA treeing in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) detected by standardized morphometry. - Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 4: 29 - 305." title="Ideal phenotypes and mismatching haplotypes errors of mtDNA treeing in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) detected by standardized morphometry" type="journal article" year="2004">SEIFERT & GOROPASHNAYA 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and that also
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[364,604,817,838]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[364,604,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sufficiently separable in both castes (see section “
|
||
<treatmentCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="SEIFERT, 1996" authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[202,356,881,903]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">SEIFERT, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
”, p. 167, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[498,661,881,903]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="11 - 20" part="22" refId="ref46851" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2016 a: The supercolonial European wood ant Formica paralugubris SEIFERT, 1996 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) introduced to Canada and its predicted role in Nearctic forests. - Myrmecological News 22: 11 - 20." title="The supercolonial European wood ant Formica paralugubris SEIFERT, 1996 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) introduced to Canada and its predicted role in Nearctic forests" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">SEIFERT 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sections “Hybrids
|
||
<emphasis box="[253,580,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[253,454,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">Formica aquilonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[479,573,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(p.173), “Hybrids
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,484,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[151,354,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">Formica pratensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[381,476,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(p.174) and “Hybrids
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">Formica lugubris</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[327,376,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">rufa</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(p.174) report on hybridization of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[279,370,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,370,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[381,507,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[381,507,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[531,622,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,622,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<emphasis box="[227,328,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[227,324,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,773,177,1127]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Biology. See the species profile given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |