1170 lines
138 KiB
XML
1170 lines
138 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" ID-PMC="PMC4154306" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-40-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" ID-PubMed="25197228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576244" ModsDocID="1314-2003-40-1" checkinTime="1451251714908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="de Lange, Peter J." docDate="2014" docId="C8412ACB5DD29E0C0C285AD4AF8C2A43" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 40: 1-185" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 40" docPubDate="2014-08-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" docTitle="Kunzea amathicola de Lange et Toelken 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" masterDocTitle="A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1668141164457" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>de Lange, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2014-08-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>40</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>185</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-40-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576244</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8412ACB5DD29E0C0C285AD4AF8C2A43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8412ACB5DD29E0C0C285AD4AF8C2A43" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
7.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="C8412ACB-5DD2-9E0C-0C28-5AD4AF8C2A43" authority="de Lange et Toelken" authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola" status="sp. nov.">Kunzea amathicola de Lange et Toelken</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="61" pageNumber="62">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="latin">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">A K. ericoides habitu heterophyllo, ramulis juvenilibus persistentibus plerumque fores efferentibus, indumento ramulorum persistenti longo sericeo antrorso appresso, indumento foliorum sericeo e vittis marginalibus et costis abaxialibus, inflorescentibus elongatis, bracteis floralibus oblongis vel late obovatis vel ellipticis differt. Etiam ordine rDNA ETS unico in sectione Niviferae recedit.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Holotype of Kunzea amathicola de Lange et Toelken (P. J. de Lange 4954, AK 286081)." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">34</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
New Zealand, South Island, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road, road end,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-40.5">40°30'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="172.68333">172°41'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5 m a.s.l. 'Dominant on sand dunes by roadside. Flowers in extended racemes, one flower per
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bract’">bract'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. P. J. de Lange 4954, 10 Jan 2001, AK 286081! Isotypes: AD! BM! CHR! K! NSW!
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figure 34.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Lange et Toelken (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. J. de Lange 4954</emphasis>
|
||
, AK 286081).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
meaning 'sand
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="dwelling’">dwelling'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, alludes to the mainly sand-dominated habitat preferentially occupied by this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola. A Flowering branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) B Fruiting branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) C flower (top view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) D Flower and hypanthium (side view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) E Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) F Style and stigma (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) G Stamens (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) H Dehisced fruit (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour). Scale bars: (A, B) 10 mm; (C-H) 1 mm." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">35</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola continued (see Fig. 35). I Juvenile foliage (AK 289328) J Adult foliage (AK 289679) K Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) P Leaf variation: (P 1) North Island, Hokianga (AK 282676), (P 2) North Island, Kaipara (AK 289669), (P 3) North Island, Te Toto Gorge (AK 284417), (P 4) North Island, Hokio (AK 286079), (P 5) North Island, Hokio-last two leaves from a juvenile reversion shoot (AK 289679), (P 6) South Island, Farewell Spit (AK 289243), (P 7) South Island, Wharariki (AK 286081). Scale bars: (I, J, P) 10 mm; (K, N, L, M) 1 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea amathicola. (A-E all AK 286079) Branchlet indumentum F-H seeds (AK 289669). Scale bars: (A, C, D, F) 1 mm; (B, E, G-I) 100 μm." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Kunzea amathicola. A Kunzea amathicola forming dominant vegetation on impoverished ' badlands' that developed after coal mining operations, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga, track to Pillar Light (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Decumbent, permanently juvenile shrubs of Kunzea amathicola growing on hard clays overlying calcareous mudstones on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) C Adult tree of Kunzea amathicola in full flower, South Island, north-west Nelson, at base of Farewell Spit (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) D-E Bark of Kunzea amathicola, South Island, north-west Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes (photo: P. J. de Lange) F-G Flowering adult Kunzea amathicola branches of holotype at type locality, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Juvenile flowering branches of Kunzea amathicola, on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) J Kunzea amathicola foliage, North Island, Kaipara Harbour, near Kaukapakapa (photo: P. J. de Lange)." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">38</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">Growth</pageBreakToken>
|
||
habit
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Shrubs or trees up to 15 m tall; heterophyllous (bearing distinct juvenile and adult foliage types). Those with persistent juvenile foliage mostly present in exposed conditions and unstable habitats, or at the margins of adult stands, usually forming domed, spreading shrubs up to 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3 m with numerous erect to ascending, often interwoven branches; those with adult foliage forming single to multi-trunked trees up to 18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
8 m, with very broad, spreading canopies. Irrespective of growth habit, plants flowering at a young age (1-2 years old).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Trunk</emphasis>
|
||
1(-2) in juveniles usually branched from or close to base, in adults usually devoid of branches in lower 30-50%; 0.10-0.60(-0.85) m d.b.h., initially erect but soon arching outwards; basal portion covered with firm to semi-detached, tessellated, short to long, tabular to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
irregularly tabular lengths of corky-coriaceous bark.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Bark</emphasis>
|
||
early bark chartaceous to subcoriaceous, grey or grey-brown,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though distinctly corky-coriaceous, usually tessellated, firmly attached, detaching basally with age, and peeling upwards along trunk in broad, tabular strips, margins
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire to weakly irregular; upper surface often deeply corrugated and cracked but not peeling; margins somewhat sinuous to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
straight; early and old bark flakes firm, not crumbling in hand, snapping with
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire margin.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Branches</emphasis>
|
||
juvenile branches numerous, erect to suberect not spreading, often interwoven; adult branches usually confined to the upper 30-50% of trunk; initially suberect, soon arching and spreading, often weakly flexuose; branchlets numerous, slender,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
quadrangular to subterete, branchlet indumentum copious, persistent; hairs silky, antrorse-appressed, usually flexuose, (0.23-)0.38(-0.50) mm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young, maturing grey). Juvenile branchlets numerous, erect to suberect, often interwoven, leaves
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
evenly spaced along length or, in exposed situation, crowded toward apices; adult branchlets clustered toward branch ends, weakly flexuose, with leaves
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
evenly spaced along length.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Vegetative buds</emphasis>
|
||
conspicuous; at resting stage 0.8-1.0 mm diam.; scales scarious, deciduous, 0.5-0.8 mm long, amber to red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-deltoid to rostrate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled in upper half, prolonged to short cuspidate tip, lateral veins absent, oil glands few, scattered, colourless, drying dull yellow; scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, silky hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
sessile to shortly petiolate, well-spaced to crowded along branchlets, spreading, sub erect to patent, strongly recurved in distal 30-50%, dark glossy green above, much paler beneath with margins and abaxial midrib distinctly white-coloured due to dense hair growth. Juvenile lamina (2.4-)3.4(-5.3)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.2-)1.9(-2.3) mm, ovate, broadly ovate, rhomboid to obovate, adult lamina (6.0-)8.2(-12.5)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.8-)2.6(-3.8) mm, oblong, oblong-obovate, broadly oblanceolate to broadly lanceolate; apex of both juvenile and adult lamina obtuse, rounded to subacute, rostrate, base attenuate to narrowly attenuate; adaxial surface convex, weakly plicate, or strongly v-shaped in distal recurved portion, oil glands not evident when fresh, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, basally finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs, otherwise glabrous; abaxial surface slightly to prominently concave in distal recurved portion otherwise weakly concave, finely glandular punctate, oil glands sparse 80-200, more evident when dry; midrib slightly raised for entire length, prolonged slightly at apex, densely sericeous, hairs continuing to leaf apex, hairs weakly flexuose, antrorse, subappressed, up to 0.3 mm long, hyaline to translucent, appearing as white to naked eye; lamina margin completely obscured by a dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs aligned in a thick, up to 0.6 mm wide, white, plumose band meeting with abaxial midrib hairs at the leaf apex.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Perules</emphasis>
|
||
deciduous, rarely persistent, squamiform; scales scarious, 0.5-0.8 mm long, amber to red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-deltoid to rostrate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled in upper half, prolonged to short cuspidate tip, lateral veins absent, oil glands few, scattered, colourless, drying dull yellow, scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, silky hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
Usually a well-spaced, elongate, (5-)12(-20)-flowered botryum up to 200 mm long, in adverse conditions sometimes becoming a condensed raceme 30-60 mm long, with the flowers shortly spaced and overlapping; in non-stressed conditions the terminal portion of the inflorescence comprising an indeterminate length of vegetative growth and sometimes a few undeveloped flowers. Inflorescence axis densely invested with silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pherophylls</emphasis>
|
||
persistent, foliose, spreading, dark glossy green, oblong, oblong-obovate, broadly obovate to elliptic; strongly recurved, to about half of total length or flat; juvenile lamina (2.0-)3.4(-5.3)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.2-)1.9(-2.3) mm, adult lamina (4.1-)5.4(-6.0)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.6-)2.3(-3.1) mm; apex obtuse, cuspidate, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually convex to weakly plicate, oil glands not evident when fresh or dry, midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, basally covered in a dense weft of antrorse-appressed, silky hairs; abaxial surface flat or weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands 20-40, more evident when dry; midrib raised for most of length, densely covered in antrorse-appressed, sericeous hairs to apex, lamina margin obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pedicels</emphasis>
|
||
(1.3-)3.4(-4.9) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, sparsely to densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Flower buds</emphasis>
|
||
pyriform to hemispherical, apex usually flat or weakly domed prior to bud burst; calyx valves not meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (6.8-)11.6(-12.5) mm diam., usually reducing in size toward end of flowering season.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Hypanthium</emphasis>
|
||
(1.9-)2.8(-4.0)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3.0-)4.0(-5.6) mm, with free portion 0.7-1.3 mm long, dark green or red-green, drying green-brown or red-brown; broadly obconic, turbinate to hemispherical, terminating in dark-green to red-green coriaceous rim bearing five persistent suberect to spreading calyx lobes; fresh hypanthium surface faintly ribbed and sparingly dotted with pink or colourless oil glands, these drying dull yellow, ribs and veins usually densely covered in silky, antrorse-appressed hairs, sometimes glabrous; dry hypanthium surface similar though with the ribs more strongly defined, clearly leading up to calyx lobes. Calyx lobes 5(-8), suberect to spreading, coriaceous, (0.6-)1.2(-1.4)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.6-)1.0(-1.8) mm, persistent, ovate, ovate-truncate to broadly obtuse, pale green to red-green, weakly to strong keeled, external face of keel usually obscured by a broad band of antrorse-appressed, silky, white hairs, otherwise glabrous; margins white, pale green often flushed pink, surface somewhat sparsely glandular punctate, oil glands
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
colourless when fresh drying dull yellow, otherwise (aside from keel) glabrescent. Receptacle green at anthesis, consistently darkening to crimson after fertilisation.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
5(-8), (1.8-)2.6(-3.7)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2.0-)2.7(-4.0) mm, white (often drying butter yellow), spreading, orbicular to broadly ovate, apex rounded, margins
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
finely and irregularly denticulate or crimped 1-6 or more times, oil glands colourless, drying opaque.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
38-60(-90) in 2(-3) weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens 3-5(-6) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous stamens (5-)8(-10). Outermost antipetalous stamens usually outcurved, sometimes weakly incurved or in mixtures of both on filaments 1.5-2.4 mm long, inner stamens usually at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair (0.6-)0.8-1.2 mm long, weakly incurved. Antisepalous stamens mostly shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, sometimes of comparable length, generally 0.6-1.2 mm long, weakly to strongly incurved, very rarely a few outcurved. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.40-0.60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.20-0.35 mm, ellipsoid, ovoid-ellipsoid or broadly scutiform, latrorse. Pollen white (9.9-)14.8(-18.9)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Anther connective gland prominent, deep golden-yellow to orange when fresh, drying orange to pink, spheroidal, rather finely papillate, sometimes absent.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ovary</emphasis>
|
||
5(-6) locular, each with 23-28(-42) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 2.0-2.5(-3.2) mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white or pinkish-white; stigma broadly capitate, at least 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of style, flat, greenish-white or pale pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
long persistent, (2.4-)3.9(-4.8)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3.6-)4.8(-6.0) mm, initially dark green to chesnut-brown fading with age to grey, broadly obconic, turbinate or hemispherical, rarely broadly cupular; veins and ribs conspicuous on drying, these finely hairy to glabrescent, hairs antrorse-appressed; calyx valves incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
1.2-1.5(-1.7)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-0.4(-0.6) mm, testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, oblong, oblong-obovate, narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2-3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
flattened. Surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Jul-)Nov-Jan(-Jun). FT: (Aug-)Nov-Jan(-Jun). Chromosome Number
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11II, 2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 35.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">B</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
flower (top view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">D</emphasis>
|
||
Flower and hypanthium (side view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">E</emphasis>
|
||
Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">F</emphasis>
|
||
Style and stigma (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">G</emphasis>
|
||
Stamens (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
|
||
Dehisced fruit (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
) 10 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C-H</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 36.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continued (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola. A Flowering branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) B Fruiting branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) C flower (top view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) D Flower and hypanthium (side view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) E Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) F Style and stigma (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) G Stamens (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) H Dehisced fruit (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour). Scale bars: (A, B) 10 mm; (C-H) 1 mm." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">I</emphasis>
|
||
Juvenile foliage (AK 289328)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">J</emphasis>
|
||
Adult foliage (AK 289679)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">K</emphasis>
|
||
Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">L</emphasis>
|
||
Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">M</emphasis>
|
||
Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">N</emphasis>
|
||
Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf variation: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P1</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Hokianga (AK 282676), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P2</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Kaipara (AK 289669), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P3</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Te Toto Gorge (AK 284417), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P4</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Hokio (AK 286079), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P5</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Hokio-last two leaves from a juvenile reversion shoot (AK 289679), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P6</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Farewell Spit (AK 289243), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P7</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Wharariki (AK 286081). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">I, J, P</emphasis>
|
||
) 10 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">K, N, L, M</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">O</emphasis>
|
||
) 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="Figure 37" startId="F37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 37.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning Electron Micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A-E</emphasis>
|
||
all AK 286079) Branchlet indumentum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">F-H</emphasis>
|
||
seeds (AK 289669). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A, C, D, F</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">B, E, G-I</emphasis>
|
||
) 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 38.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forming dominant vegetation on impoverished
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘badlands’">'badlands'</normalizedToken>
|
||
that developed after coal mining operations, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga, track to Pillar Light (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">B</emphasis>
|
||
Decumbent, permanently juvenile shrubs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing on hard clays overlying calcareous mudstones on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">M. D. Wilcox</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
Adult tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in full flower, South Island, north-west Nelson, at base of Farewell Spit (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">G. M. Crowcroft</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">D-E</emphasis>
|
||
Bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, South Island, north-west Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">F-G</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering adult
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
branches of holotype at type locality, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
|
||
Juvenile flowering branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">M. D. Wilcox</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">J</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
foliage, North Island, Kaipara Harbour, near Kaukapakapa (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="representative specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Representative specimens</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">(88 sheets seen).</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">North Island.</emphasis>
|
||
Te Aupouri Peninsula, Hukatere, K. G. Matthews s.n., 30 Aug 2005, (AK 293310); Ahipara, Shipwreck Bay, P. J. de Lange 4144, 17 Jan 2000, (AK 287967, Duplicate: AD); Hokianga, Outer South Head Walkway, P. J. de Lange 5397 & T. T. J. B. Armstrong, (AK 282676); Pouto, near Lake Whakaneke, L. J. Forester s.n., 16 Nov 2000, (AK 252352); Kaipara Harbour, Okahukura Peninsula, Kahutaewao Creek, P. J. de Lange 6709, T. J. de Lange & F. J. T. de Lange, 29 Sep 2006, (AK 297616); Woodhill, Kaipara, W. R. B. Oliver s.n., 26 Dec 1912, (WELT SP029495); Port Waikato, R. Cooper s.n., 13 Feb 1965, (AK 121924); Te Rere Farm Station, Taranaki Bluffs, south of Rengarenga Stream mouth, P. J. de Lange 6882, 7 Feb 2002, (AK 298389); Kawhia Harbour, Puti Point Scenic Reserve, P. J. de Lange 5293, 26 Jun 2001, (AK 254924, Duplicate; AD); Awakino River, near Awakino, P. J. de Lange 6328 & T. T. J. B. Armstrong, 14 Sep 2001, (AK 289178); Horowhenua, Hokio, Hokio Beach Road, P. J. de Lange 4895, 7 Jan 2001, (AK 289230, Duplicate: AD); Kapiti [Island], W. R. B. Oliver s.n., 16
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="start">Jan</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1935, (WELT SP06700); Pautahanui Inlet, Plimmerton Hills, near Cambourne Walkway, P. J. de Lange 4902, 8 Jan 2001, (AK 289332, Duplicate; AD).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">South Island.</emphasis>
|
||
Farewell Spit, Bush End Point, P. J. de Lange 5015 & G. M. Crowcroft, 15 Jan 2001, (AK 289243, Duplicate: AD, MEL); Farewell Spit, Lagoon Creek, P. J. de Lange 5016 & G. M. Crowcroft, 15 Jan 2001, (AK 289691); Puponga Farm Park, Stone Bridge, P. J. de Lange 4973, 11 Jan 2001, (AK 286080, Duplicate: AD); Whanganui Inlet, Kaihoka Lakes, P. J. de Lange 4911, 9 Jan 2001, (AK 286083, Duplicate: CHR); Aorere Inlet, P. J. de Lange 4981, 11 Jan 2001, (AK 289242); Wainui Bay, Takapou inlet, P. J. de Lange 4993, 12 Jan 2001, (AK 289688, Duplicate: AD); Anatori River Mouth, P. J. de Lange 4913, 9 Jan 2001, (AK 289235, Duplicate: AD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Distribution of Kunzea amathicola." pageId="64" pageNumber="65">39</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic, New Zealand, North and South Islands (sea level - 320 m a.s.l.). In the North Island
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found mainly in the west, locally from Unuwhao Bush, Te Paki, south to Wellington City. In the South Island
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in north-west Nelson from Farewell Spit to the Whanganui Inlet, and along the tidal reaches of the Aorere River. South of there it is confined to the Kaihoka-Kahurangi coastline.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been collected along the eastern side of the Kaipara Harbour where it extends up the main river valleys a considerable distance. This species has also been collected once from Kawau Island (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. Esler s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, AK 215754) and, from a tidal creek on the Hauraki Plains near Waitakaruru (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">R. Mason s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, CHR 112646).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="Figure 39" startId="F39">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figure 39.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by its heterophyllous habit (with different juvenile and adult foliage types and the tendency for apparent juveniles to flower and fruit (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Kunzea amathicola. A Kunzea amathicola forming dominant vegetation on impoverished ' badlands' that developed after coal mining operations, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga, track to Pillar Light (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Decumbent, permanently juvenile shrubs of Kunzea amathicola growing on hard clays overlying calcareous mudstones on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) C Adult tree of Kunzea amathicola in full flower, South Island, north-west Nelson, at base of Farewell Spit (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) D-E Bark of Kunzea amathicola, South Island, north-west Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes (photo: P. J. de Lange) F-G Flowering adult Kunzea amathicola branches of holotype at type locality, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Juvenile flowering branches of Kunzea amathicola, on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) J Kunzea amathicola foliage, North Island, Kaipara Harbour, near Kaukapakapa (photo: P. J. de Lange)." pageId="64" pageNumber="65">38B, H</figureCitation>
|
||
)), by the obovate leaves with distinctly hairy leaf margins and midribs (with the hairs meeting at the leaf apex rather than just short of it), and distinctive elongate inflorescences (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola. A Flowering branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) B Fruiting branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) C flower (top view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) D Flower and hypanthium (side view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) E Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) F Style and stigma (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) G Stamens (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) H Dehisced fruit (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour). Scale bars: (A, B) 10 mm; (C-H) 1 mm." pageId="64" pageNumber="65">35</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola continued (see Fig. 35). I Juvenile foliage (AK 289328) J Adult foliage (AK 289679) K Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) P Leaf variation: (P 1) North Island, Hokianga (AK 282676), (P 2) North Island, Kaipara (AK 289669), (P 3) North Island, Te Toto Gorge (AK 284417), (P 4) North Island, Hokio (AK 286079), (P 5) North Island, Hokio-last two leaves from a juvenile reversion shoot (AK 289679), (P 6) South Island, Farewell Spit (AK 289243), (P 7) South Island, Wharariki (AK 286081). Scale bars: (I, J, P) 10 mm; (K, N, L, M) 1 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="64" pageNumber="65">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Kunzea amathicola. A Kunzea amathicola forming dominant vegetation on impoverished ' badlands' that developed after coal mining operations, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga, track to Pillar Light (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Decumbent, permanently juvenile shrubs of Kunzea amathicola growing on hard clays overlying calcareous mudstones on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) C Adult tree of Kunzea amathicola in full flower, South Island, north-west Nelson, at base of Farewell Spit (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) D-E Bark of Kunzea amathicola, South Island, north-west Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes (photo: P. J. de Lange) F-G Flowering adult Kunzea amathicola branches of holotype at type locality, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Juvenile flowering branches of Kunzea amathicola, on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) J Kunzea amathicola foliage, North Island, Kaipara Harbour, near Kaukapakapa (photo: P. J. de Lange)." pageId="64" pageNumber="65">38</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has a larger flower than the other New Zealand species, and it may also be found in flower throughout the year. Some of these distinctions are shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, species with which it seems to be morphologically allied. Phylogenetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to the other New Zealand taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="309 - 319" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB10019" refId="B45" refString="de Lange, PJ, Smissen, RD, Wagstaff, SJ, Keeling, DJ, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2010. A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Australian Systematic Botany 23: 309 - 319, DOI: 10.1071/SB10019" title="A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences." url="10.1071/SB10019" volume="23" year="2010">de Lange et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indeed, the ITS sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs consistently (based on 15 samples spanning the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
range) from all other Australian and New Zealand members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex by one unique character (in ITS-1), a thiamine nucleotide at alignment position 671 (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Otherwise, at ITS-1 alignment position 742,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea salterae" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salterae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea salterae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea tenuicaulis" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuicaulis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea tenuicaulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a guanine/thiamine mix (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The ETS sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no unique characters. However, it shares a guanine nucleotide at position 68 with the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. subsect." order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" section="Niviferae" subSection="Niviferae">Niviferae subsect. Niviferae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a single sample of a New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of uncertain status from Lottin Point near East Cape (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). It also shares a guanine nucleotide at position 269 with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="309 - 319" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB10019" refId="B45" refString="de Lange, PJ, Smissen, RD, Wagstaff, SJ, Keeling, DJ, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2010. A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Australian Systematic Botany 23: 309 - 319, DOI: 10.1071/SB10019" title="A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences." url="10.1071/SB10019" volume="23" year="2010">de Lange et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="65" pageNumber="66" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
amathicola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely sympatric (and often syntopic) with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(South Island, north-west Nelson only),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northern North Island only) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(throughout its range). Hybrids involving these species and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uncommon in sites of sympatry, unless they are from places subjected to frequent disturbance, such as in areas of plantation forestry overlying dune fields, within coastal subdivisions or along roadsides,(see below). Throughout large parts of its range, particularly from the Waitakere coastline north to the northern end of the Pouto Peninsula,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the dominant species of the sand country and associated peripheral hill country. In these areas
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may exist in sometimes extensive, evidently self-perpetuating forests (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smale, MC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Ecology" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="131 - 141" publicationUrl="http://nzes-nzje.grdev.co.nz/abstract.php?volume_issue=j19_2&pdf_filename=NZJEcol19_2_131.pdf&uniqueID=1973" refId="B118" refString="Smale, MC, Hall, GMJ, Gardner, RO, 1995. Dynamics of Kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) forest on south Kaipara spit, New Zealand, and the impact of fallow deer (Dama dama). New Zealand Journal of Ecology 19: 131 - 141, http://nzes-nzje.grdev.co.nz/abstract.php?volume_issue=j19_2&pdf_filename=NZJEcol19_2_131.pdf&uniqueID=1973" title="Dynamics of Kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) forest on south Kaipara spit, New Zealand, and the impact of fallow deer (Dama dama)." url="http://nzes-nzje.grdev.co.nz/abstract.php?volume_issue=j19_2&pdf_filename=NZJEcol19_2_131.pdf&uniqueID=1973" volume="19" year="1995">Smale et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="var. ericoides" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. var. var. ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="ericoides">Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Field and herbarium recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is straight forward (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Irrespective of whether plants have juvenile or adult leaves, the species can be recognised by the distinctive obovate to broadly elliptic, yellow-green to dark green leaves which are consistently glossy above and paler beneath, and by the lamina margins and the abaxial (and sometimes adaxial midribs) which are densely covered in white, silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose hairs, which meet at the leaf apices (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola. A Flowering branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) B Fruiting branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) C flower (top view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) D Flower and hypanthium (side view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) E Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) F Style and stigma (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) G Stamens (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) H Dehisced fruit (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour). Scale bars: (A, B) 10 mm; (C-H) 1 mm." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">35</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola continued (see Fig. 35). I Juvenile foliage (AK 289328) J Adult foliage (AK 289679) K Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) P Leaf variation: (P 1) North Island, Hokianga (AK 282676), (P 2) North Island, Kaipara (AK 289669), (P 3) North Island, Te Toto Gorge (AK 284417), (P 4) North Island, Hokio (AK 286079), (P 5) North Island, Hokio-last two leaves from a juvenile reversion shoot (AK 289679), (P 6) South Island, Farewell Spit (AK 289243), (P 7) South Island, Wharariki (AK 286081). Scale bars: (I, J, P) 10 mm; (K, N, L, M) 1 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Kunzea amathicola. A Kunzea amathicola forming dominant vegetation on impoverished ' badlands' that developed after coal mining operations, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga, track to Pillar Light (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Decumbent, permanently juvenile shrubs of Kunzea amathicola growing on hard clays overlying calcareous mudstones on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) C Adult tree of Kunzea amathicola in full flower, South Island, north-west Nelson, at base of Farewell Spit (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) D-E Bark of Kunzea amathicola, South Island, north-west Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes (photo: P. J. de Lange) F-G Flowering adult Kunzea amathicola branches of holotype at type locality, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Juvenile flowering branches of Kunzea amathicola, on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) J Kunzea amathicola foliage, North Island, Kaipara Harbour, near Kaukapakapa (photo: P. J. de Lange)." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">38II</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The leaf shape coupled with the characteristically elongate inflorescences, and broadly obovate to elliptic, persistent, foliose pherophylls are also diagnostic (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola. A Flowering branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) B Fruiting branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) C flower (top view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) D Flower and hypanthium (side view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) E Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) F Style and stigma (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) G Stamens (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) H Dehisced fruit (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour). Scale bars: (A, B) 10 mm; (C-H) 1 mm." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">35A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only other species to have consistently elongate inflorescences is the allopatric Three Kings endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has lanceolate to elliptic pherophylls, and inflorescences that may branch toward the base or near the apices into smaller elongate lateral or more rarely 3-flowered subcorymbiform botrya.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also the only heterophyllous New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that commonly flowers during its juvenile foliage phase.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the linear-leaved
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its leaf shape, heterophyllous growth habit, elongate inflorescences and widely spaced, pedicellate flowers. In examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the spiciform inflorescence has become elongated, the long-pedicellate condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a major distinction from the sessile to subsessile flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flowers of both species also differ, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have spreading rather than suberect petals, and antipetalous stamens that have markedly longer filaments than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="66" pageNumber="67" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
amathicola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its leaf shape and indumentum and by the consistently elongate botryum. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an extremely variable species, its leaves are rarely obovate, being mostly oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, and, although some populations (e.g., the upper Rangitikei Valley and Mt Egmont - eastern Taranaki area) are markedly heterophyllous, none have the small obovate leaves of juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants. While the leaf margins of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually hairy, the hairs are aligned in 1-2(-3) irregular rows, rather than the thick band of plumose hairs seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they never meet at the leaf apex. Further, as the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mature, these marginal hairs are progressively shed so that in most cases they are present only in the lower one-third of the leaf. The inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also mostly corymbiform, though in good flowering years or shade plants these corymbiform botrya usually partially elongate but never to the extent seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Corymbiform botrya are never seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, although occasional plants may have shorter more
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘condensed’">'condensed'</normalizedToken>
|
||
inflorescences than is usual for this species, the flowers are always subtended by a persistent leaf-like, narrowly to broadly obovate pherophyll. The pherophylls of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are both squamiform and foliose (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
), with foliose ones mostly oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, rather than mostly oblong, oblong-obovate, to elliptic (only rarely broadly lanceolate, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and they are mostly shed during the early stages of flowering. Ecologically
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widely ranging species found from the coast through to montane areas, while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly confined to coastal areas. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually a tall forest tree commonly exceeding 20 m tall whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a smaller tree or shrub rarely exceeding 12 m tall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
In the north-west Nelson part of its range,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species present from the tip of Farewell Spit to the northern end of the Whanganui inlet across to about Pakawau. South of there it is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While both species show some ecological partitioning, the hybrid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in more disturbed places where logging and past fires have significantly disrupted the vegetation (such as along roadsides, within coastal subdivisions, and along the north-eastern parts of the Whanganui Inlet). Distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is straightforward (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Both species have markedly different branchlet indumentum. That of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is long, silky, antrorse-appressed and clearly visible to the naked eye, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to be glabrate, the divergent hairs are minute and scarcely distinguishable without a 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
magnification lens.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is homophyllous; it has linear to linear-lanceolate, glabrate leaves, glabrate to glabrous obconic hypanthia, and much smaller flowers (up to 16 mm diameter) than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with consistently fewer stamens (up to 34, usually 18).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is heterophyllous; it has obovate to elliptic, hairy leaves, and very hairy obconic hypanthia. The flowers of this species are much larger (up to 20 mm diameter) and in the field they have consistently more stamens (usually more than 40 and up to 80, rather than mostly 18 rarely up to 34).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is primarily a coastal species of mobile sand and, usually Pleistocene-aged, stable sand dune systems. In the south-western North Island and north-western South Island, however, it also colonises greywacke soils, calcareous rocks, coal measures and their associated clay soils (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Kunzea amathicola. A Kunzea amathicola forming dominant vegetation on impoverished ' badlands' that developed after coal mining operations, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga, track to Pillar Light (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Decumbent, permanently juvenile shrubs of Kunzea amathicola growing on hard clays overlying calcareous mudstones on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) C Adult tree of Kunzea amathicola in full flower, South Island, north-west Nelson, at base of Farewell Spit (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) D-E Bark of Kunzea amathicola, South Island, north-west Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes (photo: P. J. de Lange) F-G Flowering adult Kunzea amathicola branches of holotype at type locality, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Juvenile flowering branches of Kunzea amathicola, on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) J Kunzea amathicola foliage, North Island, Kaipara Harbour, near Kaukapakapa (photo: P. J. de Lange)." pageId="66" pageNumber="67">38A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It also colonises tidal river banks, coastal freshwater wetlands, estuaries (where it usually grows in the upper reaches of salt marshes with species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Olearia solandri" order="Asterales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solandri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Olearia solandri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.f.) Hook.f. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Plagianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plagianthus divaricatus" order="Malvales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Plagianthus divaricatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
J.R.Forst. et G.Forst.), and may be prominent on exposed coastal headlands, cliff faces, and slip scars. More rarely it extends inland along river valleys where it colonises alluvial terraces. It reaches its maximum altitudinal limit on the windswept gumland scrub of the Ahipara Plateau where it has spread from the adjoining sand country up on to the figau. This habitat is probably more induced than truly natural, because at this location
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is occupying ground that was once covered in kauri forest and which was burned repeatedly from the mid 1800s to early 1900s to facilitate better access for gum diggers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sale, EV" journalOrPublisher="Reed, Wellington" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="B114" refString="Sale, EV, 1978. Quest for the kauri: Forest Giants and where to find them. Reed, Wellington" title="Quest for the kauri: Forest Giants and where to find them" year="1978">Sale 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often the dominant tree species of dune systems in the western part of the North and northern South Island, where it appears routinely to form a distinct, stable vegetation type.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well adapted for the sand environment. Plants grow quickly to form a dense ball of branchlets with no obviously dominant stem. Plants bearing juvenile foliage and flowers and fruits have been collected on mobile sand, on exposed coastal headlands, or even as part of the shrub tier under adult stands of the same species (e.g., P. J. de Lange 4341 & A. J. Townsend (AK 289328)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="67" pageNumber="68" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
amathicola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sometimes parasitised by the green mistletoe (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Ileostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ileostylus micranthus" order="Santalales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micranthus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Ileostylus micranthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.f.) Tiegh.), dwarf mistletoe (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Viscaceae" genus="Korthalsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Korthalsella salicornioides" order="Santalales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="salicornioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Korthalsella salicornioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and both species of taihoa (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cassytha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cassytha paniculata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="paniculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Cassytha paniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cassytha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cassytha pubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Cassytha pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="hybridism">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Hybridism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with and hybridises freely with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field or herbarium is easy because both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have linear, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate leaves and the leaves of hybrids are intermediate between those species and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, because
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has glabrescent branchlets usually sparingly covered in divergent hairs, hybrids with the distinctly hairy
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose branchlets are copiously covered in long, silky, antrorse-appressed hairs, are easily recognised by the obvious mixtures of both hair types on the branchlets. Also, the elongate inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are carried through in the hybrid such that plants have mixtures of subcorymbiform to completely elongate botrya. The leaf margins of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also distinctive, typically rather hairy at first but with the hairs soon shedding, and rarely (if ever) meeting at the leaf apex. Foliage colour in hybrids also tends to retain the bright green typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rather than the glossy dark green more usual for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common around the more modified parts of the South Island at Golden Bay and the northern Whanganui Inlet. In particular there are complex introgressed swarms around Waikato, (to the north of the Aorere Lagoon, north-west Nelson), and between Pakawau and the north eastern reaches of the Whanganui Inlet. Otherwise, this hybrid is rarely seen, mainly because
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rarely reaches the coast within the South Island range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in the majority of places where it does reach the coast,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Leaf, pherophyll, flower and hypanthia offer a wealth of useful characters enabling hybrid recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
amathicola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, because both parents have similar branchlet indumentum and the normally condensed spiciform inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may elongate toward the end of the flowering season, recognition of hybrids can be difficult. The leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hybrids are narrow to broadly lanceolate, and less evenly spaced than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, like
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they tend to be more crowded toward the branchlet apices. The shape of the pherophylls is also diagnostic. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are linear to linear-falcate and ascending to spreading; in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are usually oblong, oblong-obovate, or elliptic, (rarely broadly lanceolate) and recurved. In the hybrid they tend to be linear-oblong and spreading to weakly falcate. Another distinction is the flowers. As the flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sessile to subsessile, and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinctly long-pedicellate, the hybrid can be recognised by the mixtures of sessile, subsessile to shortly pedicellate flowers. The hypanthia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically broadly obconic, turbinate to hemispherical, while the flowers are up to 12.5 mm diameter, with white, orbicular to broadly ovate, spreading petals up to 3.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.0 mm. The antipetalous stamens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are spreading and typically longer than the antisepalous stamens, while the style of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very broad, and the capitate stigma obviously wider than the style diameter.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has barrel-shaped, cupular or narrowly campanulate hypanthia up to 4.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.1 mm, much smaller flowers (up to 5.7 mm diameter), and cream, narrowly ovate to suborbicular, suberect to slightly recurved petals up to 2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.9 mm. The stamens are mostly of similar length and tend to be erect rather than spreading, while the style of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rather narrow and the capitate stigma scarcely wider than the style diameter. Hybrids consequently tend to have broadly obconic to narrowly obconic or cupular hypanthia, of intermediate size ranges, and equally intermediate flower diameters, and petal sizes. The flower colour tends toward cream with the petals suberect to spreading, and longer than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with weakly spreading to strongly spreading, unevenly sized antipetalous stamens. The stigma of hybrid plants, as is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is mostly broadly capitate. The calyx lobes of the fruits of both species are also useful in distinguishing the hybrid. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the calyx lobes are narrowly deltoid, erect, or basally incurved toward the style remnant, while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are broadly obtuse to rounded and apically incurved toward the style remnant. In the hybrid the calyx lobes tend to be narrowly obtuse, suberect to erect and, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are apically incurved toward the style remnant. In many respects
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
look morphology similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, as discussed under that species, it is postulated that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have a hybrid ancestry involving both these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mainly found in the far north of the North Island from Waipapakauri south to the Ahipara Gumlands.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be difficult to recognise on the gumlands because a third species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is also present, and, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it has contributed to a complicated hybrid swarm around the old gum workings and roadsides. This bewildering array of hybrids was first discovered by A. P. Druce, who thought that some of the extremes represented a potentially new species, calling these "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ahipara" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Druce, AP" journalOrPublisher="Lincoln, New Zealand" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="B51" refString="Druce, AP, 1993. Indigenous vascular plants of New Zealand (9th rev.). Lincoln, New Zealand" title="Indigenous vascular plants of New Zealand (9 th rev.)" year="1993">Druce 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, CHR!). Further research using more discriminating molecular markers than that used for this study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is needed to determine the extent of introgression that has gone on between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the Ahipara Plateau.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="69" pageNumber="70" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
amathicola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less easily recognised than the other two hybrids because both parents have similar growth habits, bark types, and leaves.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely to hybridise with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because they were, at least until recently, widely sympatric throughout much of the North Island range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This hybrid is best recognised by the hairs of the leaf margins which, though of varying thickness, rarely reach the leaf apex. The hairs tend to be shed from the apex to the base (a feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as the leaf matures, such that older leaves are either completely glabrous or only sparsely hairy. Leaf shape in some hybrids is distinctly narrowly oblanceolate to lanceolate, with an acute rather than obtuse to rounded apex. The pherophylls of the hybrid tend to be deciduous rather than persistent, and rather variable in size and shape, recalling the usual condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The inflorescences though elongated tend to be compact. In practice this serves as a good field character, although some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have reduced inflorescences, in which case recourse to the shape and degree of persistence of the pherophylls and the leaf laminal hairs is needed. In most cases
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognised by its ecology, because
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to avoid the active sand and sand dune habitats it prefers. Further, in the majority of locations where
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present, it now occurs in complete isolation from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a result of habitat destruction. Nevertheless this is not the case along large parts of the Kaipara Harbour and western Waikato coastline, where both species grow together and where the habitats have, and most cases continue to be, severely disrupted. Thus it is possible that some plants collected from these areas that I have assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may ultimately prove to be hybrids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="vernacular names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Beyond the ubiquitous
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘kanuka’">'kanuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
this species is known to Muriwhenua (Ngati Kuri and Te Rarawa) and Nga Puhi Maori as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘manuka’">'manuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rawiritoa’">'rawiritoa'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Rawiritoa serves to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the allied
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rawiri’">'rawiri'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rawirinui’">'rawirinui'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (W. Murray, G. Neho, and L. Foley pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. aff." order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea aff. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a) (AK 286081;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“sand”">"sand"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is appropriately listed under Appendix 2 of the New Zealand threatened and uncommon plants as 'At Risk /
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Declining’">Declining'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Department of Conservation, Wellington" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" publicationUrl="www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" refId="B47" refString="de Lange, PJ, Rolfe, JR, Champion, PD, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Norton, DA, Hitchmough, DA, 2013b. Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular, 2012. Department of Conservation, Wellington, www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" title="Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular, 2012" url="www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" year="2013 b">de Lange et al. 2013b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |