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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego &amp; Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="02D4E5D47361A3A950391441C6A017FA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia phalaroides P. M. Peterson, Caldasia 31 (2): 294 - 296, f. 7 A-B. 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1668139139961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>114</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472464" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:02D4E5D47361A3A950391441C6A017FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/02D4E5D47361A3A950391441C6A017FA" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="47" pageNumber="170">
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="170">
16.
<taxonomicName LSID="9C5ABA17-7384-5F3F-B610-7F25B42979CE" authority="(Kunth) P. M. Peterson, Caldasia 31 (2): 294 - 296, f. 7 A-B. 2009." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="47" pageNumber="170" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
Muhlenbergia phalaroides (Kunth) P.M. Peterson, Caldasia 31(2): 294-296, f. 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
. 2009.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 11. A-D Muhlenbergia peruviana (P. Beauv.) Steud A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E, F Muhlenbergia phalaroides (Kunth) P. M. Peterson E panicle F spikelet. Drawings A-D from Peterson and Annable (1991) drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 4739 (WS) E, F from Giraldo-Canas and Peterson (2009) drawn from S. Laegaard 71419 (AAU)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254052" pageId="47" pageNumber="170">Fig. 11E, F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="48" pageNumber="171" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lycurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycurus phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="48" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<pageBreakToken pageId="48" pageNumber="171" start="start">Lycurus</pageBreakToken>
phalaroides
</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 142. 1815 (1816). Type: Mexico,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
, near Valladolid, Alberca de Palangeo and Patzcuaro, Sep,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="171">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P-00669405 [image!]; isotypes: B-W-1630, BM!, BAA-1530!, US-91988 fragm. ex P-BONPL!, US-610837 fragm. ex LE-TRIN!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="48" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vasey ex Beal" authorityYear="1896" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia lycuroides" order="Poales" pageId="48" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycuroides">Muhlenbergia lycuroides</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="172" start="start">Vasey</pageBreakToken>
ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 239. 1896. Type: Mexico, Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jul-Oct 1886,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">E. Palmer 489</emphasis>
(holotype: MSC; isotypes: GH-00023916 [image!], LE, MEXU, MO-2972929!, NDG-07247 [image!], NY, P-00644181 [image!], P-00644182 [image!], S14-29628 [image!], US-822925!, US-81642!, YU-000898 [image!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scribn ex Beal" authorityYear="1896" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lycurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycurus phleoides var. brevifolius" order="Poales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="phleoides" variety="brevifolius">Lycurus phleoides var. brevifolius</taxonomicName>
Scribn. ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 271. 1896. Type: Mexico, Jalisco, plains of Guadalajara, 23 Oct 1889,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">C.G. Pringle 2470</emphasis>
(lectotype: MSC, designated by C. Reeder, Phytologia 57(4): 288. 1985; isolectotypes: BAA!, GH, MEXU, MO-2972926!, NY!, P-00644183 [image!], P-00644184 [image!], US-996049!, W-18900000580 [image!], W-19160029092 [image!]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName genus="Perennials" lsidName="Perennials" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Perennials</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, intricately branched near base.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Culms</emphasis>
10-30 cm tall, erect, mostly glabrous, usually decumbent and sprawling below, bent at the pubescent to short pilose nodes;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">internodes</emphasis>
0.4-10 (-15) cm long, pubescent to short pilose.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
much shorter than the internodes above, hyaline near the margins, pilose near summit;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">ligules</emphasis>
0.4-1 mm long, membranous, apex truncate to deltoid, often erose and lacerate;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">blades</emphasis>
0.5-6.5 cm long, 0.5-1.2 mm wide, shorter near the base of culms, flat, folded or loosely involute, lanate above and glabrous or with scattered, short appressed hairs below, margins whitish-thickened, apex navicular, occasionally with a short seta, seta usually less than 2 mm long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Panicles</emphasis>
1.5-6.5 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, spiciform and spike-like, densely flowered, often interrupted below with only a few spikelets, terminal or axillary;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">rachis</emphasis>
lanate to hispid, the short hairs antrose or appressed;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">branches</emphasis>
1.5-7 mm long, very short, the spiklets usually in pairs, rarely 1 or 3 per terminal branch, when in pairs the lower short-pedicelled spikelet perfect, staminate or sterile and the upper longer-pedicelled spikelet usually perfect;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">pedicels</emphasis>
0.3-1.4 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">disarticulation</emphasis>
usually at the base of the pedicel, each spikelet falling as a unit leaving a small cup-like tip.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Spikelets</emphasis>
3-4 mm long, stramineous with plumbeous mottles, sometimes additionally with purplish mottles;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">glumes</emphasis>
1-2.1 mm long, shorter than the lemma, subequal, 1-3-veined;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">lower glumes</emphasis>
commonly 2 or 3-veined, usually 2-awned, ocassionally 1 or 3 awned, the awns 1-3 mm long, equal or subequal, scabrous, recurved;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">upper glumes</emphasis>
commonly 1-veined, usually 1-awned, the awns 1-2.5 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">lemmas</emphasis>
3-4 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, 3-veined, margins hirsute to lanate and occasionally the lower
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
sparsely hairy, the hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long, apex usually awned, occasionally unawned or mucronate, the awns 1-3 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">paleas</emphasis>
2.8-3.8 mm long, hairy between the veins, the veins occasionally extending as mucros; anthers 1.3-2 mm long, yellowish.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Caryopses</emphasis>
1.7-2 mm long, fusiform, brownish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from Mexico to South America where it is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru (
<bibRefCitation author="Reeder, CG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="283 - 291" refId="B49" refString="Reeder, CG, 1985. The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America. Phytologia 57: 283 - 291" title="The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America." volume="57" year="1985">Reeder 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rúgolo">Rugolo</normalizedToken>
de Agrasar 1986;
<bibRefCitation author="Davidse, G" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B4" refString="Davidse, G, Pohl, RW, 1994. 262. Poaceae. In: Davidse G, Sousa SM, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 6, Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, D.F., 184-402." title="262. Poaceae. In: Davidse G, Sousa SM, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 6, Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, D. F., 184 - 402." year="1994">Davidse and Pohl 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">
This species occurs in open grasslands and savannahs on steep rocky slopes flats and along disturbed irrigation canals in deep clayish-loam to sandy soils associated with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Berberis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Berberis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Cheilanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheilanthes" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Polypodiopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Cheilanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Condalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Condalia" order="Rosales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Condalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dodonaea viscosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="viscosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eragrostis" order="Poales" pageId="49" pageNumber="172" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="172">Eragrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1798" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Jarava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Jarava ichu" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="ichu">
<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="173" start="start">Jarava</pageBreakToken>
ichu
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Opuntia" order="Cactales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Opuntia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia cenchroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cenchroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Muhlenbergia cenchroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. rigida" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Nassella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nassella" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Nassella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago" order="Plantaginales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Plantago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sporobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sporobolus indicus" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Sporobolus indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) R. Br.; 2800-3500 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="173" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phleoides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="phleoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. phleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Columbus, known in south-western U.S.A. and Mexico and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. alopecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in south-western U.S.A., Mexico and disjunct in Argentina and Bolivia (
<bibRefCitation author="Davidse, G" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B4" refString="Davidse, G, Pohl, RW, 1994. 262. Poaceae. In: Davidse G, Sousa SM, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 6, Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, D.F., 184-402." title="262. Poaceae. In: Davidse G, Sousa SM, Chater AO (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana, Volumen 6, Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, D. F., 184 - 402." year="1994">Davidse and Pohl 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Renvoize, SA" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" refId="B52" refString="Renvoize, SA, 1998. Gramineas de Bolivia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1-644." title="Gramineas de Bolivia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1 - 644." year="1998">Renvoize 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reeder, CG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" refId="B50" refString="Reeder, CG, 2003. 17.34 Lycurus Kunth. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 200-203." title="17.34 Lycurus Kunth. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 200 - 203." year="2003">Reeder 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B29" refString="Peterson, PM, Giraldo-Canas, D, 2012. Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Zuloaga FO, Rugolo ZE, Anton AMR (Eds) Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 140-154." title="Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Zuloaga FO, Rugolo ZE, Anton AMR (Eds) Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 140 - 154." year="2012">
Peterson and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson &amp; Columbus" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Griseb." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia alopecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Muhlenbergia alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having leaf blades with terminal seta (3-)4-7(-12) mm long and ligules(2-)3-12 mm long whereas
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phleoides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="phleoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. phleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having auriculate ligules 1-2 mm long (
<bibRefCitation author="Reeder, CG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="283 - 291" refId="B49" refString="Reeder, CG, 1985. The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America. Phytologia 57: 283 - 291" title="The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America." volume="57" year="1985">Reeder 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Reeder, CG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" refId="B50" refString="Reeder, CG, 2003. 17.34 Lycurus Kunth. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 200-203." title="17.34 Lycurus Kunth. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 200 - 203." year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
). These morphological differences are perhaps better recognised at the subspecific level but there have been no population studies comparing these three species, other than
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Madrono" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="334 - 346" refId="B31" refString="Peterson, PM, Morrone, O, 1997. Allelic variation in the amphitropical disjunct Lycurus setosus (Poaceae: Muhlenbergiinae). Madrono 44: 334 - 346" title="Allelic variation in the amphitropical disjunct Lycurus setosus (Poaceae: Muhlenbergiinae)." volume="44" year="1997">Peterson and Morrone (1997)</bibRefCitation>
who investigated populations of only the amphitropical,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. alocpecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alocpecuroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. alocpecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Reeder" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Nutt." class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Lycurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycurus setosus" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Lycurus setosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lies within
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Pseudosporobolus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Pseudosporobolus</taxonomicName>
, aligning with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. alopecuroides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phleoides" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="173" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="phleoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">M. phleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peterson and Romaschenko, in prep.). Many members of this subgenus have narrow
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">panicles</emphasis>
, plumbeous spikelets with unawned, mucronate or short-awned lemmas (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="173">
Peru.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Ancash</emphasis>
: 15 Mar 1947, J. Infantes Vera 1170 (LIL).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Ayacucho</emphasis>
: Huanca Sancos, 27 km NW of Putajasa and 3 km S of Sacsamarca,
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="51.1" value="-13.964194">13°57'51.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="41.5" value="-74.31153">74°18'41.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 3650 m, 25 Feb 2002, P.M. Peterson 16277, A.A. Cano, M.I. LaTorre, A. Ramirez &amp; D. Susanibar (US, USM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Cusco</emphasis>
: Canchis, Hacienda Occobamba, 3450 m, 4 Apr 1950, C. Vargas C. 9410 (CUZ, US); Prov. Quispicanchis, Pikillacta, 3250 m, 28 Apr 1946, C. Vargas C. 6033 (CUZ, US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">Huancavelica</emphasis>
: near Huancayo, 3270 m, 1 Apr 1952, O. Tovar 344 (US, USM); Sacxhahuajta, a 6 km de Conaica, 3600 m, 3 Apr 1952, O. Tovar 939 (US, USM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="173">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Huancayo, 3317 m, Mar 1943, J. Soukup 1900 (COL, LIL, US); Prov. Huancayo, Agua de las Virgenes, 3270 m, 1 Apr 1951, O. Tovar 344 (MOL, USM); Tarma, between La Oroya and La Merced, 3000 m, 24 Oct 1923, A.S. Hitchcock 22169 (US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>