528 lines
65 KiB
XML
528 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="F62D25AC1D70311566D6EE3E9697645F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176987" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79ea0d54-e2e5-4d8d-9b66-945f35b523ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176987" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459845652278" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R. & Gledhill, Daniel C." docDate="2007" docId="BE146630FFFAFFC2FF1E843EFE00FF39" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01494p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1494" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Zearaja Whitley 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="422D1E48FFF9FFC5FF89877BFFD5F93B" masterDocTitle="The Maugean Skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) — a micro-endemic, Gondwanan relict from Tasmanian estuaries" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698224789121" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDE5F6C48FF0A77A2C5BEF85B93709B2">
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<mods:title id="5FD348737595F15D6368609FC6590C51">The Maugean Skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) — a micro-endemic, Gondwanan relict from Tasmanian estuaries</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="31975ED315AB22FFBD2E40249E07E505">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F22D07A14C213803E776DC3FDE0F3664">Gledhill, Daniel C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EA00D3701BF0059C364DF142EF55D8FD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="03FE2C0F436C54DC96EFEB450A4D5EB6">
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<mods:date id="78E4915FDF3CA069188111D79709C899">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F011BFA33823A2EC521E491530FC290E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="989EDA4FF9D23B67BC6B619CC9F0FBA4">1494</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9B5A83C5CB90B96AA94B1157A1FD63D8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.176987</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F7579E3E9DD2CA3BB21F4B48ED1019DE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F8B9E541EF7DFC57ED2E5DD24F2F1EDC" type="Zenodo-Dep">176987</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BE146630FFFAFFC2FF1E843EFE00FF39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5662150" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361401" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5662150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE146630FFFAFFC2FF1E843EFE00FF39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE146630FFFAFFC2FF1E843EFE00FF39" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFAFFC6FF1E843EFE0AFA64" blockId="3.[151,1095,802,898]" box="[151,479,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="6D4A604AFFFAFFC6FF1E843EFE0AFA64" bold="true" box="[151,479,837,863]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="16ADF008FFFAFFC6FF1E843EFE0AFA64" box="[151,479,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFAFFC6FF1E843EFE0AFA64" ID-CoL="63X8V" authority="Whitley 1939: 254" authorityName="Whitley" authorityPageNumber="254" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,479,837,863]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFAFFC6FF1E843EFE0AFA64" bold="true" box="[151,479,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFAFFC6FF1E843EFF20FA64" bold="true" box="[151,245,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Zearaja</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="B71CF137FFFAFFC6FF75843EFE0AFA64" author="Whitley" box="[252,479,837,863]" page="254" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFAFFC6FF75843EFE73FA64" author="Whitley" box="[252,422,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1939) Taxonomic notes on sharks and rays. Australian Zoologist, 9, 227 - 262." type="journal article" year="1939">Whitley 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 254
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</treatmentCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFFAFFC6FF1E8413FB92FAB9" box="[151,1095,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFAFFC6FF1E8413FB92FAB9" blockId="3.[151,1095,802,898]" box="[151,1095,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="E9066984FFFAFFC6FF1E8413FF04FAB9" box="[151,209,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFAFFC6FEB58413FD31FAB9" authority="Muller and Henle 1841" authorityName="Muller and Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[316,740,872,898]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFAFFC6FEB58413FE1CFABA" box="[316,457,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Raja nasuta</emphasis>
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Müller and Henle 1841
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="E9066984FFFAFFC6FD668413FCFCFAB9" box="[751,809,872,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
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by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFFAFFC1FF1E84D6FA81FEE3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFAFFC6FF1E84D6FEDBFAFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,941,1327]" box="[151,270,941,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFAFFC6FF1E84D6FEDBFAFD" box="[151,270,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFAFFC6FF4F84AEFF3CFC14" blockId="3.[151,1437,941,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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Rajin genus defined by the following combination of characters: clasper greatly enlarged in mature males, its length 24–32% TL; apex of clasper broadly spatulate, its width
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<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFAFFC6FC438486FBCDFD2C" box="[970,1048,1021,1047]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 in</quantity>
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clasper length; shield relatively broad and short (its length
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<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFAFFC6FE69835EFD8CFD04" box="[480,601,1061,1087]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" metricValueMax="1.1938" metricValueMin="0.9398" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="4.2" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.7 in</quantity>
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length of glans), capable of extended ventro-lateral rotation, situated proximally (its length shorter than post-shield length of glans); glans oblique to clasper shaft when closed, extremely everted when open; dorsal lobe of clasper greatly thickened at dorsal terminal 2; ventral terminal cartilage with deep proximal groove enabling loose articulation with ventral marginal cartilage; rhipidion reduced, not stout and fleshy; sentinel and funnel absent; spike concealed by integument, its tip producing a triangular skin fold; distal inner portion of dorsal marginal cartilage forming a twisted, flag-shaped pseudorhipidion.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFAFFC6FF1E8220FEDBFC4F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1371,2036]" box="[151,270,1371,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFAFFC6FF1E8220FEDBFC4F" box="[151,270,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Definition</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFAFFC6FF4F82F9FD39FECF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1371,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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Long-snouted skates with a quadrangular disc; tail short, 37–46% TL, not expanded at its midlength; dorsal fins close together near tail apex; orbit large,
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<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFAFFC6FD7C82D1FC91FCFF" box="[757,836,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 in</quantity>
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snout length; exhibiting varying levels of sexual dimorphism in some shape characters, in particular of the snout length, head width and length, and elements of the pelvic fin; no terminal process at tip of snout; dorsal surface largely naked or with weak covering of fine denticles; orbital thorns present; thorns present along dorsal midline of tail, additional row along each lateral in males, additional 2 rows along lateral margin in large females; alar thorns depressible into grooves; malar thorns lateral to eyes; rostral shaft firm, robust, stout proximally, uncalcified apically; anterior fontanelle of neurocranium without distinct anterior margin; rostral appendices not evident from radiographs; scapulocoracoid moderately expanded, lacking anterior bridge, postdorsal fenestra greatly expanded, one postventral fenestra; propterygium of pectoral girdle extending into about a third of pre-nasobasal space; clasper glans of relatively simple construction (
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<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFFAFFC6FD8E8069FDBAFE17" box="[519,623,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1055,1079]" captionTargetBox="[286,1292,151,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[265,1322,133,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral view of right claspers of: a — Zearaja nasuta, CSIRO H 5886 – 01, specimen not retained; b — Dipturus gudgeri, CSIRO T 2007 – 01, 1170 mm TL. Clasper terminology abbreviated as: dl—distal lobe, rh—rhipidion, stsentinel, sh—shield, sp—spike." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176989/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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); no external pseudosiphon; components cleft, pseudorhipidion, and sentina present; clasper skeleton with 3 dorsal terminal cartilages (Figure 3); one accessory terminal cartilage, and ventral terminal of group-typical shape; shield with pleated lamellae in its inner surface, with a strong mesial ridge forming a dike distally; median ridge of ventral terminal clasper cartilage weakly developed, not extended to form a funnel; ventral surface of disc light or dark, pores dark-edged; pectoral radials 78–86; trunk centra 29–34; predorsal caudal centra 52–61.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="62C287AEFFFDFFC1FF1E8364FE3DFD4C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176989/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[286,1292,151,1054]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFDFFC1FF1E8364FE3DFD4C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1055,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FF1E8364FECCFD0C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1055,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Lateral view of right claspers of: a
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FD188364FD79FD0C" bold="true" box="[657,684,1055,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFDFFC1FD22835BFC9BFD0C" box="[683,846,1056,1079]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FD22835BFC9BFD0C" box="[683,846,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Zearaja nasuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, CSIRO H 5886–01, specimen not retained; b
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FAB58364FA82FD0C" bold="true" box="[1340,1367,1055,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFDFFC1FADF835BFEC6FD6C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gudgeri">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FADF835BFEC6FD6C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Dipturus gudgeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, CSIRO T 2007–01, 1170 mm TL. Clasper terminology abbreviated as: dl—distal lobe, rh—rhipidion, stsentinel, sh—shield, sp—spike.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFDFFC1FF1E804BFA81FEE3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1840,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FF1E804BFECCFE73" bold="true" box="[151,281,1840,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Lateral views of the clasper skeletons of: a
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FD62804BFCD3FE73" bold="true" box="[747,774,1840,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFDFFC1FC8C804AFC7DFE73" box="[773,936,1841,1864]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FC8C804AFC7DFE73" box="[773,936,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Zearaja nasuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, NMNZ P
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<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFDFFC1FBA8804AFB68FE73" box="[1057,1213,1841,1864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84357" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="2843570.0">2843, 570 mm</quantity>
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DW, right clasper; b
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FF1E8028FF67FE50" bold="true" box="[151,178,1875,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFDFFC1FF388028FEBCFE51" box="[177,361,1875,1898]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FF388028FEBCFE51" box="[177,361,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Zearaja chilensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, CSIRO H 5298–01,
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<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFDFFC1FDD88028FD7CFE51" box="[593,681,1875,1898]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="990.0">990 mm</quantity>
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TL, left clasper (image reversed for ease of comparison); c—
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFDFFC1FAB48028FA49FE51" box="[1341,1436,1875,1898]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFDFFC1FAB48028FA49FE51" box="[1341,1436,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Dipturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. A, CSIRO unregistered, no data recorded, right clasper. Skeletal terminology abbreviated as: atr1—accessory terminal 1 cartilage, atr2—accessory terminal 2 cartilage, ax—axial cartilage, dmg—dorsal marginal cartilage, dtr2—dorsal terminal 2 cartilage, dtr3—dorsal terminal 3 cartilage, vmg—ventral marginal cartilage, vtr—ventral terminal cartilage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFFCFFC0FF1E87E3FC22FF47" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF1E87E3FEF8F98A" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1058]" box="[151,301,152,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FF1E87E3FEF8F98A" box="[151,301,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Composition</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF4F87BBFCCCF8C9" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FED987BBFE78F9E2" box="[336,429,192,217]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FED987BBFE78F9E2" box="[336,429,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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presently consists of at least three valid species:
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FB9C87BBFB52F9E2" box="[1045,1159,192,217]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FB9C87BBFB52F9E2" box="[1045,1159,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from throughout
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<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFCFFC0FAEC87BBFF20F839" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FE8F8793FE23F839" author="Ayling" box="[262,502,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Ayling, T. & Cox, G. J. (1982) Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand. Collins, Auckland, 343 pp." type="book" year="1982">Ayling & Cox 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FD8A8793FDAAF839" author="Paul" box="[515,639,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="65" refString="Paul, L. (2000) New Zealand Fishes: Identification, Natural History and Fisheries. Reed, Auckland, 261 pp." type="book" year="2000">Paul 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), including the Challenger, Bounty and Campbell Plateaus, and the Chatham Rise (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FEC5866BFDF8F811" author="Francis" box="[332,557,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Francis, M. P., O Maolagain, C. & Stevens, D. (2001) Age, growth, and sexual maturity of two New Zealand endemic skates, Dipturus nasutus and D. innominatus. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 35, 831 - 842." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Francis
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FE25866BFE35F812" box="[428,480,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FDCA866BFD1DF812" box="[579,712,272,297]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FDCA866BFD1DF812" box="[579,712,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the SE Pacific from 30°15’–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFFCFFC0FBC9866BFB4AF811" box="[1088,1183,272,298]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="-55.216667">55°13’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, and the SW Atlantic from 34°35’–55°S (Licandeo
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FE7F8643FDFFF86A" box="[502,554,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FDB08643FD41F86A" box="[569,660,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">in press</emphasis>
|
||
); and the undescribed species treated herein from cold temperate, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFCFFC0FE8F861BFEA4F841" box="[262,369,352,378]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FE7C861BFDF9F842" box="[501,556,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FE7C861BFDF9F842" box="[501,556,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Raja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. L
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FDF7861BFD6AF842" box="[638,703,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FD40861BFC0BF841" author="Last" box="[713,990,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Last, P. R. & Stevens, J. D. (1994) Sharks and Rays of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne, 513 pp." type="book" year="1994">Last and Stevens 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FC7D861BFAF3F841" authority="Garman" authorityName="Garman" box="[1012,1318,352,378]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stabuliforis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FC7D861BFB69F842" box="[1012,1212,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Raja stabuliforis</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFCFFC0FB4C861BFAF3F841" box="[1221,1318,352,378]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Garman</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the western North Atlantic, was erroneously placed in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FC4E86F3FAA6F899" authority="Guichenot 1848" authorityName="Guichenot" authorityYear="1848" box="[967,1395,392,418]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FC4E86F3FB43F89A" box="[967,1174,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FB2186F3FABEF899" author="Guichenot" box="[1192,1387,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Guichenot, A. (1848) Fauna Chilena. Peces. In: Gay, C. (Ed.) Historia fisica y politica de Chile, 2. Zoologica, Paris, 372 pp." type="book" year="1848">Guichenot 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FF1E86CBFE30F8F1" author="Lloris" box="[151,485,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Lloris, D. & Rucabado, J. (1991) Ictiofauna del canal Beagle (Tierra de Fuego), aspectos ecologicos y analisis biogeografico. Publicaciones Especiales Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 8, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="1991">Lloris and Rucabado (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on clasper morphology, it is more likely to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FB3886CBFACCF8F2" box="[1201,1305,432,457]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FB3886CBFACCF8F2" box="[1201,1305,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FAD286CBFF69F8CA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FAD286CBFF69F8CA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FF7C86A3FE02F8C9" authority="Mitchill" authorityName="Mitchill" box="[245,471,472,498]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FF7C86A3FE88F8CA" box="[245,349,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">D. laevis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mitchill)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a likely senior synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF4F857BFA48FD19" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Nevertheless, other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FE3C857BFDC7FB22" box="[437,530,512,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FE3C857BFDC7FB22" box="[437,530,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species may exist.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FD76857BFC66FB22" box="[767,947,512,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FD76857BFC66FB22" box="[767,947,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies greatly in colour, from uniformly brownish or grey, to having strong patterns of spots and blotches. This species also appears to be unusually eurybathic for an Australasian skate, occurring from coastal habitats to at least
|
||
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFCFFC0FBB8852BFBA9FB51" box="[1073,1148,592,618]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.58" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="658.0">658 m</quantity>
|
||
depth on the continental slope (NMNZ data). Forms from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFCFFC0FDD88503FD3AFBA9" box="[593,751,632,658]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
continental shelf and slope were compared morphometrically. Females and males from each region differed from each other in several characters but there were some interregional differences in tail morphology. The tail of the slope form appears to be more robust (tail width at mid-length 3.4–3.9 vs. 2.9–3.4% TL; tail width to height ratio at midlength 2.06–2.40 vs. 1.76–2.05; and tail width at first dorsal-fin origin 2.7–3.2 vs. 2.2–2.9% TL), and the disc is relatively broader (disc width to length ratio 1.17–1.22 vs. 1.15–1.17). Populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FC86843BFCA8FA62" box="[783,893,832,857]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FC86843BFCA8FA62" box="[783,893,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFCFFC0FC4E843BFBB1FA61" box="[967,1124,832,858]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
need to be more carefully examined and this work should be coupled with the use of a molecular study. Similarly, the South American skate,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FF6D84EBFEB8FA92" box="[228,365,912,937]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FF6D84EBFEB8FA92" box="[228,365,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is thought to occur in the SE Pacific, as well as the SW Atlantic where it was formerly known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FE8584C3FDFFFAE9" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" box="[268,554,952,978]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FE8584C3FE7BFAEA" box="[268,430,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">D. flavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
(Philippi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, there are regional differences in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FBAC84C3FB7FFAEA" box="[1061,1194,952,977]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FBAC84C3FB7FFAEA" box="[1061,1194,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations, even in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFCFFC0FF1E849BFF0FFAC1" box="[151,218,992,1018]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FF60849BFE58FAC1" author="Leible" box="[233,397,992,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Leible, M. (1987) Taxonomic description of juveniles and adults of Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris Philippi, 1892 (Rajiformes, Rajidae) captured in front of the coast off central Chile. Gayana Zoologi´a, 51, 131 - 176." type="journal article" year="1987">Leible (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined females with abnormal spination, and some male specimens that were late maturing (
|
||
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFCFFC0FE868373FE79FD19" box="[271,428,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="8.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="915.0" valueMax="940.0" valueMin="890.0">890–940 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL rather than
|
||
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFCFFC0FDEB8373FD28FD19" box="[610,765,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="800.0" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="750.0">750–850 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL), so these populations also need further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF1E832CFB1DFD82" blockId="5.[151,1436,1111,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FF1E832CFEDEFD54" bold="true" box="[151,267,1111,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological differences between the claspers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FCC58323FC27FD54" box="[844,1010,1112,1135]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FCC58323FC27FD54" box="[844,1010,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FBA58323FB5EFD54" box="[1068,1163,1112,1135]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FBA58323FB5EFD54" box="[1068,1163,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FB7D8323FA9DFD54" box="[1268,1352,1112,1135]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FB7D8323FA9DFD54" box="[1268,1352,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">D. batis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FA0B8323FF3FFDAF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gudgeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FA0B8323FF3FFDAF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">D. gudgeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Skeletal terminology abbreviated as: Atr1—accessory terminal 1 cartilage, Dtr1—dorsal terminal 1 cartilage, Dtr2—dorsal terminal 2 cartilage, Vmg—ventral marginal cartilage, Vtr —ventral terminal cartilage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF16838BFCB5FC3C" blockId="5.[159,1428,1264,1665]" box="[159,864,1264,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FF16838BFCB5FC3C" box="[159,864,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FF16838BFF26FC3C" box="[159,243,1264,1287]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zearaja</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FC88838BFCB5FC3C" box="[769,864,1264,1287]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dipturus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF168261FA41FC67" blockId="5.[159,1428,1264,1665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Shield very short, robust, capable of extended rotation Shield very long and slender, capable of minor rotation Atr1 and sentinel absent Atr1 usually Y-shaped or broadly united with Vmg, sentinel</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FC888211FC76FCBA" blockId="5.[159,1428,1264,1665]" box="[769,931,1386,1409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">well developed</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF1682EEFC26FC97" blockId="5.[159,1428,1264,1665]" box="[159,1011,1429,1452]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Spike concealed by integument, immobile Spike exposed, mobile</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF1682BBFE68FF12" blockId="5.[159,1428,1264,1665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Distal lobe of clasper extremely spatulate Distal lobe of clasper narrowly rounded or pointed Distal limb of Vtr free of axial, connected along the No equivalent extending limb or connection inner lateral margin to Dtr1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF168141FC22FF47" blockId="5.[159,1428,1264,1665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Pseudorhipidion truncate distally, flag-shaped Pseudorhipidion pointed and flexible Dtr2 very short and strong Dtr2 relatively elongate</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFFCFFC0FF1E81BBFF2BFFE2" box="[151,254,1728,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC0FF1E81BBFF2BFFE2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1728,2034]" box="[151,254,1728,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FF1E81BBFF2BFFE2" box="[151,254,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFFCFFC2FF4F8193FB60FA61" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFCFFC2FF4F8193FAB0FB51" blockId="5.[151,1437,1728,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1538]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FF4F8193FEF6FE3A" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[198,291,1768,1793]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FF4F8193FEF6FE3A" box="[198,291,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was nominated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FD998193FD10FE39" author="Whitley" box="[528,709,1768,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="65" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1939) Taxonomic notes on sharks and rays. Australian Zoologist, 9, 227 - 262." type="journal article" year="1939">Whitley (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FD728193FCBFFE3A" ID-CoL="5CYBD" box="[763,874,1768,1793]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FD728193FCBFFE3A" box="[763,874,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on its produced snout, elevated pectoral girdle, rough disc, thorn distribution, and dark-edged ventral pores. These characters also apply to members of several other rajin genera so it is unsurprising that members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FBAA8043FB55FE6A" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[1059,1152,1848,1873]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FBAA8043FB55FE6A" box="[1059,1152,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been consistently placed in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FE46801BFDE2FE42" ID-CoL="632SL" box="[463,567,1888,1913]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FE46801BFDE2FE42" box="[463,567,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for example
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FD6D801BFC74FE41" author="Stehmann" box="[740,929,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="65" refString="Stehmann, M. (1990) Rajidae. In: Quero, J. C., Hureau, J. - C., Karrer, C., Post, A. & Saldanha, L. (Eds). Checklist of the Fishes of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic I. Unesco, Paris, 1492 pp." type="book" year="1990">Stehmann 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FC26801BFBACFE41" author="Compagno" box="[943,1145,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (2005) Checklist of Living Chondrichthyes. In: Hamlett, W. C. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Chondrichthyes; sharks, Batoids and Chimaeras. Science Publishers, Plymouth, 562 pp." type="book" year="2005">Compagno 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the members of which they superficially resemble.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFCFFC0FE6E80F3FCC4FE99" author="Last" box="[487,785,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (2002) Zoogeography and relationships of Australasian skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1627 - 1641." type="journal article" year="2002">Last and Yearsley (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resurrected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FC2D80F3FBD4FE9A" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[932,1025,1928,1953]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FC2D80F3FBD4FE9A" box="[932,1025,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to subgeneric status within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFCFFC0FAC680F3FF68FEF2" ID-CoL="632SL" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFCFFC0FAC680F3FF68FEF2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but suggested that the group is more likely to be generically distinct. The external morphology, neurocranium, pelvic girdle and scapulocoracoid of these taxa are of a similar
|
||
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFFCFFC0FC7980A3FBF0FEC9" box="[1008,1061,2008,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
but major differences exist in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFFFFC3FD328780FCCBF829" ID-CoL="5CYBD" box="[699,798,251,274]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFFFFC3FD328780FCCBF829" box="[699,798,251,274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MM
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFFFFC3FC308780FBC9F829" ID-CoL="5CYBD" box="[953,1052,251,274]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFFFFC3FC308780FBC9F829" box="[953,1052,251,274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IM
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFFFFC3FB598780FAE6F829" ID-CoL="5CYBD" box="[1232,1331,251,274]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFFFFC3FB598780FAE6F829" box="[1232,1331,251,274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
F clasper morphology (Table 1).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FD8A87E3FDBEF98A" ID-CoL="632SL" box="[515,619,152,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FD8A87E3FDBEF98A" box="[515,619,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFFEFFC2FCF187E3FC7EF989" box="[888,939,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FB8687E3FB26F989" ID-CoL="36R33" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1039,1267,152,178]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FB8687E3FBB8F98A" box="[1039,1133,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">D. batis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFEFFC2FF5E87BBFE71F9E1" author="Stehmann" box="[215,420,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Stehmann, M. (1970) Vergleichend morphologische und anatomische untersuchungen zur nordostatlantischen Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Archiv fuer Fischereiwissenschaft, 21, 73 - 164." type="journal article" year="1970">Stehmann (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, typically have both a spike (formed from the distal tip of the accessory terminal 2 cartilage) and a sentinel (formed from the distal tip of the accessory terminal 1 cartilage). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FB3B8793FADAF83A" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[1202,1295,232,257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FB3B8793FADAF83A" box="[1202,1295,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the clasper skeleton is comparatively simple and one accessory terminal cartilage is missing. Leible’s (1987) figure of the clasper of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FE9D8643FE4EF86A" ID-CoL="7GCM8" box="[276,411,312,337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FE9D8643FE4EF86A" box="[276,411,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FE598643FCC1F86A" ID-CoL="6X3LC" box="[464,788,312,337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavirostris" subGenus="Dipturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FE598643FCC1F86A" box="[464,788,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) shows an accessory terminal 1 cartilage present with the accessory terminal 2 cartilage missing. However, in our material of the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FBD5861BFB6CF842" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[1116,1209,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FBD5861BFB6CF842" box="[1116,1209,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the accessory terminal cartilage arises on the inner lateral margin of the ventral marginal cartilage, in the position equivalent to the accessory terminal 2 cartilage in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FC9686CBFC3FF8F2" ID-CoL="36R3N" box="[799,1002,432,457]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gudgeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FC9686CBFC3FF8F2" box="[799,1002,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Dipturus gudgeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FBAA86CBFB95F8F2" box="[1059,1088,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">D.</emphasis>
|
||
sp A. The accessory terminal 1 cartilage arises in the median ventral axis in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FD6086A3FC84F8CA" ID-CoL="632SL" box="[745,849,472,497]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FD6086A3FC84F8CA" box="[745,849,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species examined, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FB3E86A3FF0AFB21" ID-CoL="36R33" authority="Stehmann 1970" authorityName="Stehmann" authorityYear="1970" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FB3E86A3FAC0F8CA" box="[1207,1301,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">D. batis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFEFFC2FAAC86A3FF03FB21" author="Stehmann" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refString="Stehmann, M. (1970) Vergleichend morphologische und anatomische untersuchungen zur nordostatlantischen Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Archiv fuer Fischereiwissenschaft, 21, 73 - 164." type="journal article" year="1970">Stehmann 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No equivalent structure exists at this location in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FC94857BFCAFFB22" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[797,890,512,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FC94857BFCAFFB22" box="[797,890,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hence, based on the position of this cartilage, we consider this element to be more akin to the accessory terminal 2 cartilage than the accessory terminal 1 cartilage, and its terminal element should be called the spike rather than the sentinel (
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FBF6852BFB15FB52" box="[1151,1216,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFEFFC2FB4E852BFA8DFB51" author="Leible" box="[1223,1368,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Leible, M. (1987) Taxonomic description of juveniles and adults of Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris Philippi, 1892 (Rajiformes, Rajidae) captured in front of the coast off central Chile. Gayana Zoologi´a, 51, 131 - 176." type="journal article" year="1987">Leible 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="62C287AEFFFFFFC3FF1E87ECFB44F9ED" ID-Table-UUID="62C287AEFFFFFFC3FF1E87ECFB44F9ED" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/62C287AEFFFFFFC3FF1E87ECFB44F9ED" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[156,1389,297,2010]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFFFFC3FF1E87ECFB44F9ED" blockId="6.[151,1435,151,214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFFFFC3FF1E87ECFEDDF994" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric values demonstrating sexual dimorphism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFFFFC3FC0387E3FBF9F994" ID-CoL="5CYBD" box="[906,1068,152,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFFFFC3FC0387E3FBF9F994" box="[906,1068,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Zearaja nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; mature males (MM, n=4), immature males (IM, n=4) and females (F, n=3). Values are expressed as a percentage of total length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFFFFC3FD498652FAB2FEE1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<table id="44BD2586FFFF003AFF158652FAB8FEE1" box="[156,1389,297,2010]" gridcols="7" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF158652FAB8F87B" box="[156,1389,297,320]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD348652FD38F87B" box="[701,749,297,320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">min</th>
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB88652FCB4F87B" box="[817,865,297,320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">max</th>
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC218652FC0DF87B" box="[936,984,297,320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">min</th>
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA38652FB8FF87B" box="[1066,1114,297,320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">max</th>
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB388652FB34F87B" box="[1201,1249,297,320]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">min</th>
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB78652FAB8F87B" box="[1342,1389,297,320]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">max</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF15862FFAB8FB60" box="[156,1389,340,603]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF15862FFDCAFB60" box="[156,543,340,603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Total length (mm) Disc width Disc length (direct) Snout to maximum width Snout length (preorbital direct) Snout to spiracle Head (dorsal length)</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD34862FFD38FB60" box="[701,749,340,603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">751 66.5 56.8 33.4 14.7 20.2 22.3</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB8862FFCB4FB60" box="[817,865,340,603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">850 70.3 60.3 36.9 17.0 22.5 25.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC21862FFC0DFB60" box="[936,984,340,603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">540 68.6 59.1 34.3 18.2 23.2 25.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA3862FFB8FFB60" box="[1066,1114,340,603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">655 75.4 63.1 39.3 19.4 24.7 27.1</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB38862FFB34FB60" box="[1201,1249,340,603]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">625 70.4 61.6 38.0 20.1 25.3 27.6</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB7862FFAB8FB60" box="[1342,1389,340,603]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">771 77.2 63.4 42.8 22.0 27.2 29.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF158516FAB8FA1F" box="[156,1389,621,804]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF158516FDCAFA1F" box="[156,543,621,804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Orbit diameter Orbit and spiracle length Spiracle length (main pore) Distance between orbits Distance between spiracles</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD348516FD38FA1F" box="[701,749,621,804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">3.5 5.4 1.6 5.0 7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB88516FCB4FA1F" box="[817,865,621,804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">4.4 5.9 2.2 5.8 7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC218516FC0DFA1F" box="[936,984,621,804]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">3.5 5.1 1.7 4.9 6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA38516FB8FFA1F" box="[1066,1114,621,804]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">4.1 5.5 2.0 5.8 7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB388516FB34FA1F" box="[1201,1249,621,804]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">3.5 5.5 2.0 5.7 7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB78516FAB8FA1F" box="[1342,1389,621,804]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">4.2 5.7 2.2 6.0 7.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF15844DFAB8FD2E" box="[156,1389,822,1045]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF15844DFDCAFD2E" box="[156,543,822,1045]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Distance-snout to cloaca Distance-cloaca to caudal-fin tip Ventral snout length (pre upper jaw) Prenasal length Ventral head length (to fifth gill) Mouth width</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD34844DFD38FD2E" box="[701,749,822,1045]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">54.7 42.2 15.1 13.6 31.1 7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB8844DFCB4FD2E" box="[817,865,822,1045]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">58.4 44.6 16.7 15.5 32.9 9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC21844DFC0DFD2E" box="[936,984,822,1045]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">56.4 40.9 17.6 16.1 33.2 8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA3844DFB8FFD2E" box="[1066,1114,822,1045]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">58.8 43.9 18.8 16.8 35.2 9.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB38844DFB34FD2E" box="[1201,1249,822,1045]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">58.7 37.8 19.5 17.5 34.7 9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB7844DFAB8FD2E" box="[1342,1389,822,1045]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">61.9 40.4 21.7 19.7 36.9 9.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF15835CFAB8FC3D" box="[156,1389,1063,1286]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF15835CFDCAFC3D" box="[156,543,1063,1286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Distance between nostrils Nasal curtain length Nasal curtain (total width) Nasal curtain (min. width) Nasal curtain (lobe width) Width of first gill opening</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD34835CFD38FC3D" box="[701,749,1063,1286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">8.5 4.6 10.0 6.5 2.2 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB8835CFCB4FC3D" box="[817,865,1063,1286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">10.1 5.5 11.2 7.9 2.4 1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC21835CFC0DFC3D" box="[936,984,1063,1286]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">8.9 4.8 9.7 6.8 2.1 1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA3835CFB8FFC3D" box="[1066,1114,1063,1286]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">9.4 4.9 10.6 7.3 2.2 1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB38835CFB34FC3D" box="[1201,1249,1063,1286]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">9.3 5.1 10.0 7.1 2.2 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB7835CFAB8FC3D" box="[1342,1389,1063,1286]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">9.7 5.3 10.8 7.7 2.4 1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF158263FAB8FCF4" box="[156,1389,1304,1487]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF158263FDCAFCF4" box="[156,543,1304,1487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Width of fifth gill opening Distance between first gill openings Distance between fifth gill openings Clasper (post cloacal length) Length of anterior pelvic lobe</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD348263FD38FCF4" box="[701,749,1304,1487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">1.2 14.5 8.3 25.9 12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB88263FCB4FCF4" box="[817,865,1304,1487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">1.4 15.9 8.9 29.5 14.2</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC218263FC0DFCF4" box="[936,984,1304,1487]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">1.2 14.6 9.1 12.1 13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA38263FB8FFCF4" box="[1066,1114,1304,1487]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">1.3 16.9 9.9 20.5 14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB388263FB34FCF4" box="[1201,1249,1304,1487]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">1.2 16.6 10.2 0.0 12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB78263FAB8FCF4" box="[1342,1389,1304,1487]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">1.4 17.3 11.5 0.0 14.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF15829AFAB8FFFB" box="[156,1389,1505,1728]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF15829AFDCAFFFB" box="[156,543,1505,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Length of posterior pelvic lobe Pelvic base width Tail at axil pelvic fins (width) Tail at axil pelvic fins (height) Tail at midlength (width) Tail at midlength (height)</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD34829AFD38FFFB" box="[701,749,1505,1728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">20.5 8.3 4.4 2.7 3.2 1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB8829AFCB4FFFB" box="[817,865,1505,1728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">23.2 9.0 5.6 2.9 3.9 1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC21829AFC0DFFFB" box="[936,984,1505,1728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">18.3 7.9 4.5 2.3 2.9 1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA3829AFB8FFFFB" box="[1066,1114,1505,1728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">19.5 9.6 5.2 2.7 3.7 1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB38829AFB34FFFB" box="[1201,1249,1505,1728]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">16.1 9.9 4.8 2.4 2.9 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB7829AFAB8FFFB" box="[1342,1389,1505,1728]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">18.3 10.4 5.8 2.7 3.6 1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF1581A9FAB8FEB2" box="[156,1389,1746,1929]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF1581A9FDCAFEB2" box="[156,543,1746,1929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Tail at D1 origin (width) Tail at D1 origin (height) D1 base length D1 height D1 orig to caudal-fin tip</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD3481A9FD38FEB2" box="[701,749,1746,1929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">2.7 1.4 4.9 3.4 13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB881A9FCB4FEB2" box="[817,865,1746,1929]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">3.2 1.6 5.6 3.9 16.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC2181A9FC0DFEB2" box="[936,984,1746,1929]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">2.2 1.3 5.4 3.1 14.2</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA381A9FB8FFEB2" box="[1066,1114,1746,1929]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">3.0 1.6 6.1 3.5 15.7</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB3881A9FB34FEB2" box="[1201,1249,1746,1929]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">2.7 1.3 4.5 2.7 12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB781A9FAB8FEB2" box="[1342,1389,1746,1929]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">3.2 1.5 5.6 3.4 14.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="888DD564FFFF003AFF1580E0FAB8FEE1" box="[156,1389,1947,2010]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFF1580E0FDCAFEE1" box="[156,543,1947,2010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">D2 orig to caudal-fin tip Caudal-fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFD3480E0FD38FEE1" box="[701,749,1947,2010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">6.8 2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFCB880E0FCB4FEE1" box="[817,865,1947,2010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">10.2 3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFC2180E0FC0DFEE1" box="[936,984,1947,2010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">8.2 3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFBA380E0FB8FFEE1" box="[1066,1114,1947,2010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">9.0 3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFB3880E0FB34FEE1" box="[1201,1249,1947,2010]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">6.9 2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFF003AFAB780E0FAB8FEE1" box="[1342,1389,1947,2010]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">8.1 4.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFC2FF4F8503FB60FA61" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FF4F8503FEF6FBAA" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[198,291,632,657]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FF4F8503FEF6FBAA" box="[198,291,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
claspers also are capable of much greater rotation of the shield than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FBE18503FB05FBAA" ID-CoL="632SL" box="[1128,1232,632,657]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FBE18503FB05FBAA" box="[1128,1232,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FA8D8503FAB2FBAA" box="[1284,1383,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FA8D8503FAB1FBAA" ID-CoL="63X8V" box="[1284,1380,632,657]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zearaja</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
this structure is relatively more robust and shorter (clasper length more than 3.5 vs. less than 2.5 times shield length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FE8F85B3FEBBFBDA" ID-CoL="632SL" box="[262,366,712,737]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FE8F85B3FEBBFBDA" box="[262,366,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and is situated well away from the clasper apex (length of clasper distal to shield exceeding length of shield vs. than less than half length of shield). The long post-shield section of the glans in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FAD2858BFF69FA0A" ID-CoL="63X8V" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FAD2858BFF69FA0A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which terminates in a broadly spatulate distal lobe, is unlike any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FC478463FBE3FA0A" ID-CoL="632SL" box="[974,1078,792,817]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FC478463FBE3FA0A" box="[974,1078,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Dipturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The claspers of other rajin genera are more complex and all have an accessory terminal 1 cartilage and sentinel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFFEFFC2FF4F8413FE00FF39" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFC2FF4F8413FCC5FDF9" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The internal morphology of the clasper glans in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FC858413FCBCFABA" box="[780,873,872,897]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FC858413FCBCFABA" box="[780,873,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Zearaja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
changes dramatically when the clasper is fully everted. The shield and posterior glans are capable of a rotation in excess of 90
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FBD584F4FBB3FA92" bold="true" box="[1116,1126,911,937]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">º</emphasis>
|
||
to the axis of the clasper shaft. In this condition, the cleft between the dorsal marginal cartilage and dorsal terminal cartilages has a greatly increased volume. The spike, which is covered in integument, becomes visible against a thickened portion of the axial cartilage. The truncate distal ventral marginal cartilage extends more posteriorly into the central glans. Union of the dorsal terminal 2 and dorsal terminal 3 cartilages at the disto-lateral margin of clasper are broken with the proximal limb of the dorsal terminal 3 cartilage projecting beneath external integument as a spatulate limb. Similarly, the proximal half of the dorsal terminal 1 cartilage forms a cover that projects prominently through the external integument.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFC2FF4F83ABFE00FF39" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism in shape is evident in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FD3183ABFCF3FDD2" box="[696,806,1232,1257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FD3183ABFCF3FDD2" box="[696,806,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in material from both the continental shelf and slope (
|
||
<tableCitation id="7B3FE29DFFFEFFC2FF178383FF2FFC29" box="[158,250,1272,1298]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[156,1389,297,2010]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric values demonstrating sexual dimorphism in Zearaja nasuta; mature males (MM, n = 4), immature males (IM, n = 4) and females (F, n = 3). Values are expressed as a percentage of total length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/62C287AEFFFFFFC3FF1E87ECFB44F9ED" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="62C287AEFFFFFFC3FF1E87ECFB44F9ED">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The disc is relatively wider (70.4–77.2 vs. 66.5–70.3% TL) and longer (61.6–63.4 vs. 56.8–60.3% TL), and the preorbital (20.1–22.0 vs. 14.7–17.0% TL), prespiracular (25.3–27.2 vs. 20.2–22.5% TL), and head (27.6–29.2 vs. 22.3–25.0% TL) lengths longer, in adult females than in mature males. Similar trends exist for ventral head, intergill, pre upper jaw, and prenasal lengths. The pelvic-fin base is relatively broader in females (9.9–10.4 vs. 8.3–9.0% TL) but the posterior pelvic-fin lobe is shorter (16.1–18.3 vs. 20.5–23.2% TL). There also appears to be a minor difference in the first dorsal-fin height being slightly shorter in females (2.7–3.4 vs. 3.4–3.9% TL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |