282 lines
36 KiB
XML
282 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="707CBA9E0A5AA5634EE2E197FB69BA86" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5376020" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5376020" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630280357859" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Burrow, Carole J." docDate="2003" docId="020087A632453116FCA9F9C74B2DFC82" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2003.25.2.273-288.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 25 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nostolepis Burrow 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="278" masterDocId="FE39FFDE32463113FFF4FFEC486DFFE7" masterDocTitle="Earliest Devonian gnathostome microremains from central New South Wales (Australia)" masterLastPageNumber="288" masterPageNumber="273" pageNumber="276" updateTime="1699211619999" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods id="DAD4713B12EE434B40DFF23357C412C2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C89FAC35EA09B37409B02691D5C812F6">
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<mods:title id="CDBD0501AB34949B723DAF84C4558AE2">Earliest Devonian gnathostome microremains from central New South Wales (Australia)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="31122B3C206BD34097353AC01C5C16AB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2FA151D2C47F88D9B16FB3A4F26792CF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CEBC87A63FEBB1A4A85827D12311A9ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4D8400764BEC9A15083C2D73D8DF2B90">Burrow, Carole J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="532A76E8D6E54326979851412D16DD42">Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072 (Australia) CBurrow @ zen. uq. edu. au ..</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6CB93CEFDC48E3074FB60289F08E81AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="4A5C4407A1AE15F8EE492BDB9C91E385" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="715662E7F1C74941AEC7272C8746CC8C">
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<mods:title id="C53062AC7D44689DFBAF0471BA4AF2DA">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5FCDE9A8C0F8DC8611102A16355B1143">
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<mods:date id="AD612E3FAFBA76349AE32EDCFA4A918D">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A68D7897E5E2FC47531D6CF0FA9869BE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="500EDDFB5B50A964848F3645E2670FCC">25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5CC04D2E605F144320E8C29DC7ADB155" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EBE9F7173145A6F2C981E7A9F7CF2F4E">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="E3145B8292A3014DC3B86C43790FB7BC" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="4FE3C5E1B95D60F3530F4FA7587D39DB">273</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="93A1D24236F96F315C4DAE1D88495B61">288</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="D783A6EBC317A3A986510492E5AB07B0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6DDEEB4981BCC0BF46657505F8C52C25" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5376020</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="51BF2934D59ACCFE672C55C3242DB6D9" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EBA831A5E4765302A290C5D645057783" type="Zenodo-Dep">5376020</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="020087A632453116FCA9F9C74B2DFC82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:020087A632453116FCA9F9C74B2DFC82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/020087A632453116FCA9F9C74B2DFC82" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
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<subSubSection id="C2B3653B32453110FCA9F9C74C21F9A2" box="[861,1100,1578,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A1636B032453110FCA9F9C74C21F9A2" blockId="3.[714,1247,1578,1669]" box="[861,1100,1578,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
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<heading id="D15E81DC32453110FCA9F9C74C21F9A2" box="[861,1100,1578,1605]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332453110FCA9F9C74BA7F9A2" authorityName="Burrow" authorityYear="2003" box="[861,970,1579,1605]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232453110FCA9F9C74BA7F9A2" bold="true" box="[861,970,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Nostolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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? spp. indet.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2B3653B32453117FD3EF9BF48B5F964" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="3" pageNumber="276" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8A1636B032453110FD3EF9BF4CB2F962" blockId="3.[714,1247,1578,1669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="276">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED (
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<tableCitation id="C72B030B32453110FC3EF9BF4C49F98C" box="[970,1060,1619,1643]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="2.[151,162,169,186]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Vertebrate taxa in samples from Early Devonian limestones of the Cookeys Plains Formation and?Connemarra Formation, central New South Wales, Australia. Symbols: x, <10 scales/scale fragments/dermal bone fragments; xx,> 10 scales." pageId="3" pageNumber="276">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). — Two flank s c a l e s i n c l u d i n g f i g u r e d s c a l e M M M C0 2 5 5 8
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DED6663832423117FF63FAC2497FFA4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5376022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" startId="4.[151,162,1326,1343]" targetBox="[151,1240,172,1291]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8A1636B032423117FF63FAC2497FFA4D" blockId="4.[151,1249,1326,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">
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FIG. 2. — Acanthodian scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FF19FAAF4962FAB3" bold="true" box="[237,271,1347,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">A -D</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FEE8FAAF4947FAB3" bold="true" box="[284,298,1347,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">H</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332423117FEC1FAAF4AEDFAB3" authority="Valiukevicius, 1994" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="1994" box="[309,640,1347,1364]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacrima">
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FEC1FAAF49BFFAB3" box="[309,466,1347,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">Nostolepis lacrima</emphasis>
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Valiukevicius, 1994
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FD7FFAAF4AF5FAB3" bold="true" box="[651,664,1347,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FD51FAAF4ADFFAB3" bold="true" box="[677,690,1347,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">B</emphasis>
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, specimen MMMC02555;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FC6CFAAF4BC8FAB3" bold="true" box="[920,933,1347,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">A</emphasis>
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, crown view;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FBD5FAAF4C43FAB3" bold="true" box="[1057,1070,1347,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">B</emphasis>
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, antero-lateral view;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FF63FAB548C8FA8D" bold="true" box="[151,165,1369,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FF40FAB548AFFA8D" bold="true" box="[180,194,1369,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">D</emphasis>
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, specimen MMMC02556;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FE47FAB549ACFA8D" bold="true" box="[435,449,1369,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">C</emphasis>
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, crown view;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FDB1FAB54A3EFA8D" bold="true" box="[581,595,1369,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">D</emphasis>
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, lateral view;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FD22FAB54A89FA8D" bold="true" box="[726,740,1369,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">H</emphasis>
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, vertical longitudinal ground thin section MMMC02557; remineralization has obscured histological details;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FDBDFA824A07FA98" bold="true" box="[585,618,1390,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">E -G</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332423117FD83FA824A99FA98" box="[631,756,1390,1407]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FD83FA824ABDFA98" box="[631,720,1390,1407]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">Nostolepis</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FD09FA824B64FA98" bold="true" box="[765,777,1390,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">E</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FCE1FA824B4DFA98" bold="true" box="[789,800,1390,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">F</emphasis>
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, specimen MMMC02558;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FBF1FA824C7CFA98" bold="true" box="[1029,1041,1390,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">E</emphasis>
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, crown view;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FB7EFA824CF8FA98" bold="true" box="[1162,1173,1390,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">F</emphasis>
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, anterolateral view;
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FEF1FA6F497EFA73" bold="true" box="[261,275,1411,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">G</emphasis>
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,?branchial scale MMMC02559 in crown view. Anterior of scale faces to left in A-D, and to right in E-H. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8A1636B032423117FF63FA0148B5F964" blockId="4.[151,684,1516,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">
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(
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<figureCitation id="12922A3532423117FF6AFA014969F9E2" box="[158,260,1517,1541]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,162,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-57@4.[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Acanthodian scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A-D, H, Nostolepis lacrima Valiukevicius, 1994; A, B, specimen MMMC02555; A, crown view; B, antero-lateral view; C, D, specimen MMMC02556; C, crown view; D, lateral view; H, vertical longitudinal ground thin section MMMC02557; remineralization has obscured histological details; E-G, Nostolepis sp.; E, F, specimen MMMC02558; E, crown view; F, anterolateral view; G,?branchial scale MMMC02559 in crown view. Anterior of scale faces to left in A-D, and to right in E-H. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
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),
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<materialsCitation id="3AC13CED32423117FEEDFA004976F9B6" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" specimenCode="MMMC02559, MMMC02560" specimenCount="1">
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a possible branchial scale
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<specimenCode id="DA0F9ECB32423117FDE3FA014AC1F9E2" box="[535,684,1517,1541]" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">MMMC02559</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="12922A3532423117FF6AF9EA4895F9F9" box="[158,248,1542,1566]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,162,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-57@4.[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Acanthodian scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A-D, H, Nostolepis lacrima Valiukevicius, 1994; A, B, specimen MMMC02555; A, crown view; B, antero-lateral view; C, D, specimen MMMC02556; C, crown view; D, lateral view; H, vertical longitudinal ground thin section MMMC02557; remineralization has obscured histological details; E-G, Nostolepis sp.; E, F, specimen MMMC02558; E, crown view; F, anterolateral view; G,?branchial scale MMMC02559 in crown view. Anterior of scale faces to left in A-D, and to right in E-H. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
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), one “
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<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332423117FEB8F9EA49A0F9F9" box="[332,461,1541,1566]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="applicata">
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FEB8F9EA4932F9FA" box="[332,351,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FE86F9EA49A0F9F9" box="[370,461,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">applicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”-
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<typeStatus id="5512881232423117FE2AF9EA4A60F9F9" box="[478,525,1542,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">type</typeStatus>
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scale and one tooth whorl
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<specimenCode id="DA0F9ECB32423117FED8F9F349A2F9D0" box="[300,463,1567,1591]" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">MMMC02560</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="12922A3532423117FE10F9F34A0FF9D0" box="[484,610,1567,1591]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[154,1243,172,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[154,1243,172,1472]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Acanthodian tooth and scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A, B, Nostolepis sp. tooth whorl MMMC02560 in occlusal (lingual edge at top) and posterior and lingual views; C, D, Gomphonchus sandelensis (Pander, 1856) scale MMMC02561 in crown and lateral views, with anterior edge to the left (crown riddled with hyphal borings); E, Trundlelepis sp., horizontal ground thin section of scale crown MMMC02562, anterior edge to left; F, G, Gomphonchoporus hoppei (Gross, 1947) scale MMMC02563 in crown and posterior views, anterior edge at top; H, I, Radioporacanthodes porosus (Brotzen, 1934) s.s. scale MMMC02564 in antero-crown and anterior views. Abbreviation: p, pore rows. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376024/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
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) from sample C925
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3AC13CED32423117FEDCF9D448BEF964" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" specimenCode="MMMC02552" specimenCount="1">
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one flank scale and one “
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<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332423117FDD0F9D44AF4F9B6" box="[548,665,1592,1617]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="applicata">
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FDD0F9D44A5AF9A8" box="[548,567,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FDB1F9D54AF4F9B6" box="[581,665,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">applicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”-
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<typeStatus id="5512881232423117FF63F9BD48AAF98F" box="[151,199,1617,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">type</typeStatus>
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scale
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<specimenCode id="DA0F9ECB32423117FEECF9BD49ACF98D" box="[280,449,1617,1642]" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">MMMC02552</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="12922A3532423117FE2DF9BD4A30F98F" box="[473,605,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,162,1238,1255]" captionTargetBox="[159,1237,171,1200]" captionTargetId="figure-121@8.[159,1238,171,1200]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Acanthodian scales from sample C923, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A, B, Nostolepis lacrima Valiukevicius, 1994 scale MMMC02551 in crown (anterior edge to right) and lateral (anterior edge to left) views; C, D, Nostolepis sp. scale of “N. applicata”-type MMMC02552 in crown and lateral views (presumed anterior edge to left); E, F, Gomphonchoporus hoppei (Gross, 1947) scale MMMC02553 in crown (anterior edge at bottom) and anterior views; G, H, Trundlelepis sp. scale MMMC02554 in crown and lateral views (anterior edge to right). Abbreviation: ms, median sulcus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376028/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
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) from C923
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2B3653B32423116FD3EFA064B2DFC82" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A1636B032423117FD3EFA064B9AF9E5" blockId="4.[714,1247,1514,1669]" box="[714,1015,1514,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A1636B032423117FD3EF9E74BABF9C3" blockId="4.[714,1247,1514,1669]" box="[714,966,1546,1573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FD3EF9E74BABF9C3" box="[714,966,1546,1573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">
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Flank scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12922A3532423117FCA6F9E64BD2F9C3" box="[850,959,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,162,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-57@4.[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Acanthodian scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A-D, H, Nostolepis lacrima Valiukevicius, 1994; A, B, specimen MMMC02555; A, crown view; B, antero-lateral view; C, D, specimen MMMC02556; C, crown view; D, lateral view; H, vertical longitudinal ground thin section MMMC02557; remineralization has obscured histological details; E-G, Nostolepis sp.; E, F, specimen MMMC02558; E, crown view; F, anterolateral view; G,?branchial scale MMMC02559 in crown view. Anterior of scale faces to left in A-D, and to right in E-H. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A1636B032423116FD3EF9C74919FD42" blockId="4.[714,1247,1514,1669]" lastBlockId="5.[151,684,170,677]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">
|
||
These two scales are twice as big as those assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332423117FD1EF9A64B0CF982" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="1994" box="[746,865,1610,1637]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FD1EF9A64A92F984" box="[746,767,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232423117FCE4F9A74B0CF982" box="[784,865,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="277">lacrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. MMMC02558 is
|
||
<quantity id="4D519B5532423117FBB4F9A74CF7F983" box="[1088,1178,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with a horizontal crown, five short anterior crown ridges which are radially directed relative to the posterior corner, and a short diagonal ledge on each postero-lateral vertical face of the crown. Except for this ledge and their larger size, the scales are morphologically similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FF63FEA64962FE82" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,271,330,357]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FF63FEA648C1FE84" box="[151,172,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FF48FEA74962FE82" box="[188,271,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">lacrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, they also resemble scales which have been assigned to several other taxa including “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FEEFFE674A5DFE42" authorityName="Gross" authorityYear="1947" box="[283,560,395,421]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Gomphonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoppei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FEEFFE6749DAFE42" box="[283,439,395,421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Gomphonchus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FE1CFE674A5DFE42" box="[488,560,395,421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">hoppei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” from the Lochkovian of Ellesmere Island (Vieth 1980: pl. 8, fig. 9) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FEABFE274A50FE04" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="1994" box="[351,573,458,485]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taimyrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FEABFE274A50FE04" box="[351,573,458,485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Nostolepis taimyrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pragian-Emsian of Tareya,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2BE762032433116FE30FE074A64FDE2" box="[452,521,491,517]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Valiukevic˘ius 1994: pl. XVIII, fig. 5a, b). Scales of this general shape have traditionally (although perhaps not correctly!) been assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FE23FDA74A2FFD82" authorityName="Burrow" authorityYear="2003" box="[471,578,587,613]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FE23FDA74A2FFD82" box="[471,578,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Nostolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because there are so few scales, their histological structure was not determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A1636B032433116FF63FD2749C9FD03" blockId="5.[151,684,714,1221]" box="[151,420,714,741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FF63FD2749C9FD03" box="[151,420,714,741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
?Branchial scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12922A3532433116FEBDFD2649F1FD03" box="[329,412,714,740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,162,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-57@4.[151,1240,172,1291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Acanthodian scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A-D, H, Nostolepis lacrima Valiukevicius, 1994; A, B, specimen MMMC02555; A, crown view; B, antero-lateral view; C, D, specimen MMMC02556; C, crown view; D, lateral view; H, vertical longitudinal ground thin section MMMC02557; remineralization has obscured histological details; E-G, Nostolepis sp.; E, F, specimen MMMC02558; E, crown view; F, anterolateral view; G,?branchial scale MMMC02559 in crown view. Anterior of scale faces to left in A-D, and to right in E-H. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376022/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A1636B032433116FF63FD074926FB22" blockId="5.[151,684,714,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3AC13CED32433116FF63FD07492AFB22" collectionCode="MOTH" collectorName="G. Hanke" country="Canada" location="Lower Devonian" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" specimenCode="MMMC02559, UALVP42273" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northwest Territories">
|
||
Scale
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA0F9ECB32433116FF21FD074911FCE2" box="[213,380,747,773]" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">MMMC02559</specimenCode>
|
||
has a crown which is smaller than the base, with three ridges extending almost to the weakly curved posterior edge, from the centre of which a single ridge extends down towards the base/neck rim. This scale
|
||
<typeStatus id="5512881232433116FD8CFC864AC1FC63" box="[632,684,874,900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
|
||
resembles flank scales of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FE46FC674A74FC42" authorityName="Burrow" authorityYear="2003" box="[434,537,907,933]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FE46FC674A74FC42" box="[434,537,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Nostolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FDD8FC664AC6FC44" box="[556,683,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">guangxiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Wang, 1992 but differs in lacking a flat horizontal crown plane with a sharp posterior corner. Scales of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="5512881232433116FECEFC064906FBE3" box="[314,363,1002,1028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are found in the branchial region of one of the enigmatic fish – specimen
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA0F9ECB32433116FF63FBC74928FBA2" box="[151,325,1067,1093]" collectionCode="UALVP" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">UALVP42273</specimenCode>
|
||
– from the
|
||
<location id="8F76606B32433116FE2BFBC64AC1FBA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:020087A632453116FCA9F9C74B2DFC82:8F76606B32433116FE2BFBC64AC1FBA2" box="[479,684,1066,1093]" country="Canada" name="Lower Devonian" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" stateProvince="Northwest Territories">Lower Devonian</location>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECB8AE7532433116FF63FBA74882FB82" box="[151,239,1099,1125]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33879" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33879" name="Museum of the Hemispheres" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">MOTH</collectionCode>
|
||
site in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="486DF85232433116FE92FBA74A22FB82" box="[358,591,1099,1125]" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2BE762032433116FDAFFBA74AC1FB82" box="[603,684,1099,1125]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(pers. obs.;
|
||
<collectorName id="275C536632433116FEE6FB874910FB62" box="[274,381,1131,1157]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">G. Hanke</collectorName>
|
||
pers. comm. 2000), and are likely to be a morphotype common to several different species
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A1636B032433116FF63FB064A4CFAE3" blockId="5.[151,685,1258,1669]" box="[151,545,1258,1285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FF63FB0648CFFAE3" box="[151,162,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">“</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FF55FB064948FAE2" box="[161,293,1258,1285]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="applicata">N. applicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FED1FB064A4CFAE3" box="[293,545,1258,1285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
”-
|
||
<typeStatus id="5512881232433116FEC1FB06490CFAE3" box="[309,353,1258,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
|
||
scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12922A3532433116FE52FB064A74FAE3" box="[422,537,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,162,1238,1255]" captionTargetBox="[159,1237,171,1200]" captionTargetId="figure-121@8.[159,1238,171,1200]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Acanthodian scales from sample C923, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A, B, Nostolepis lacrima Valiukevicius, 1994 scale MMMC02551 in crown (anterior edge to right) and lateral (anterior edge to left) views; C, D, Nostolepis sp. scale of “N. applicata”-type MMMC02552 in crown and lateral views (presumed anterior edge to left); E, F, Gomphonchoporus hoppei (Gross, 1947) scale MMMC02553 in crown (anterior edge at bottom) and anterior views; G, H, Trundlelepis sp. scale MMMC02554 in crown and lateral views (anterior edge to right). Abbreviation: ms, median sulcus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376028/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A1636B032433116FF63FAE74C7BFE82" blockId="5.[151,685,1258,1669]" lastBlockId="5.[714,1247,170,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
Scale MMMC02552 is
|
||
<quantity id="4D519B5532433116FE5CFAE74A6EFAC3" box="[424,515,1290,1317]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4D519B5532433116FD8BFAE74880FAA3" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4- 0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with a flat base having an irregularly polygonal outline. The ornament comprises separate areal growth zones stacked against each other like petals, most of which have broken off. Vieth (1980: pl. 4, figs 6-17) erected a new taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FE6CFA274A10FA02" box="[408,637,1483,1509]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="applicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FE6CFA274A10FA02" box="[408,637,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Nostolepis applicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for scales with this general form from the Lochkovian Red Canyon River Formation Member A, Ellesmere Island, Arctic
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2BE762032433116FE3EF9C74A45F9A2" box="[458,552,1579,1605]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, scales with this form have been recognized as a morphotype found in several different species, rather than being a biological taxon: e.g., the “tessera-like head platelets” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FB84FF274C37FEE2" authority="Miller & Marss, 1999" authorityName="Miller & Marss" authorityYear="1999" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linleyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FB84FF274B51FEE2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Nostolepis linleyensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE384B4132433116FCBDFF074C37FEE2" author="MILLER C. G. & MARSS T." box="[841,1114,234,261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" pagination="691 - 784" refId="ref7980" refString="MILLER C. G. & MARSS T. 1999. - A conodont, thelodont and acanthodian fauna from the lower Pridoli (Silurian) of the much Wenlock area, Shropshire. Palaeontology 42: 691 - 784." type="journal article" year="1999">Miller & Märss, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE384B4132433116FB9BFF074B38FEC2" author="MILLER C. G. & MARSS T." pageId="5" pageNumber="278" pagination="691 - 784" refId="ref7980" refString="MILLER C. G. & MARSS T. 1999. - A conodont, thelodont and acanthodian fauna from the lower Pridoli (Silurian) of the much Wenlock area, Shropshire. Palaeontology 42: 691 - 784." type="journal article" year="1999">Miller & Märss 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 5, figs 2-5) and some of the coronate plates and stellate tessera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FB8CFEC74B66FE84" authorityName="Pander" authorityYear="1856" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FB8CFEC74B66FE84" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Nostolepis striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE384B4132433116FCE9FEA74BCFFE82" author="GROSS W." box="[797,930,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref7743" refString="GROSS W. 1971. - Downtonische und dittonische Acanthodier-Reste des Ostseegebietes. Palaeontographica A 136: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1971">Gross 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pls 2, 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A1636B032433116FD3EFE674BA2FE43" blockId="5.[714,1247,394,869]" box="[714,975,394,421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FD3EFE674BA2FE43" box="[714,975,394,421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
Tooth whorl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12922A3532433116FCADFE664BAAFE43" box="[857,967,394,420]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[151,162,1524,1541]" captionTargetBox="[154,1243,172,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[154,1243,172,1472]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Acanthodian tooth and scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A, B, Nostolepis sp. tooth whorl MMMC02560 in occlusal (lingual edge at top) and posterior and lingual views; C, D, Gomphonchus sandelensis (Pander, 1856) scale MMMC02561 in crown and lateral views, with anterior edge to the left (crown riddled with hyphal borings); E, Trundlelepis sp., horizontal ground thin section of scale crown MMMC02562, anterior edge to left; F, G, Gomphonchoporus hoppei (Gross, 1947) scale MMMC02563 in crown and posterior views, anterior edge at top; H, I, Radioporacanthodes porosus (Brotzen, 1934) s.s. scale MMMC02564 in antero-crown and anterior views. Abbreviation: p, pore rows. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A1636B032433116FD3EFE474B2DFC82" blockId="5.[714,1247,394,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">
|
||
This element is very small, being
|
||
<quantity id="4D519B5532433116FBBCFE474CCCFE23" box="[1096,1185,426,453]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4D519B5532433116FD0AFE274B37FE03" box="[766,858,458,485]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Its base is slightly concave antero-posteriorly with a curved anterior and a straight posterior edge. The two teeth are extremely worn and flattened, with a shallow groove visible between them on the upper surface of the bone base. The teeth are presumed to have had larger central cusps, flanked by smaller cusps on the posterior tooth, which have all worn down to stubs. There is no indication of an enameloid surface on the teeth. The element, though smaller, shorter and more worn-down, resembles a tooth whorl of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA94D3332433116FCC3FCC74B9BFCA4" authorityName="Pander" authorityYear="1856" box="[823,1014,810,837]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DDEAA232433116FCC3FCC74B9BFCA4" box="[823,1014,810,837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="278">Nostolepis striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE384B4132433116FBF3FCC74CF9FCA2" author="GROSS W." box="[1031,1172,811,837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref7743" refString="GROSS W. 1971. - Downtonische und dittonische Acanthodier-Reste des Ostseegebietes. Palaeontographica A 136: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1971">Gross 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 3, fig. 32a-c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |