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<document id="40E17871C27A1059D7A9D562438CD1DF" ID-CLB-Dataset="7897" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9cac9b98-c0aa-4d24-924f-d4c97c9ca3f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4563818" ID-ZooBank="D16922EF-8508-49DB-8238-1D836B598749" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614325465752" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis, Nicholls, James A., Tang, Chang-Ti, Melika, George, Stone, Graham N., Pujade-Villar, Juli, Buffington, Matthew, Maldonado, Yurixi &amp; Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2021" docId="C82E87E2FF86FFD542A0C0FD5E13F588" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4938.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4938 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kokkocynips panamensis Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="214" masterDocId="3417FF9AFF81FFDC4237C32A5B18F47D" masterDocTitle="Re-description and systematic re-appraisal of the genus Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including new combinations of Nearctic species and the description of a new species from Panama" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="205" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1698931158414" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A9A70413FB74913CD349F16D696D9E11">Re-description and systematic re-appraisal of the genus Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including new combinations of Nearctic species and the description of a new species from Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51F01427EB3CBEA6A69A1F416FFFB3B1">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="00148333B2731E5944AD5F588D79694B">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, C / José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, ES- 28006 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="75A5073FBB325331790EAD5ADA16F03C">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8884536291DD9B27D58246C19810666">CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="36706E5BC4F6E8B41A120E70B910F4AF">Tang, Chang-Ti</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FC480EF7FC52644B2B4E8E09984BAA32">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, SEH, Suite 6300, 800 22 Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052 - 0001, USA. &amp; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0CE64C9C89A6C731458C9F319E7D95B4">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F6303B7020EBF69A3A6EEE2FEE87D387">Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment, Budaörsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="21B17F0AE51B2C8A6FC75DD4C8021FD3">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DD0E11456A20CAE83E4234854913571E">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E6CBC11BD0C94C68C3E35E926F85BC6C">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="814392AFEC7E98EBDC0A2AE910E1A53D">Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona (Spain).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="20DEEA61EE5C716F25F2C6E49690190F">Buffington, Matthew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="24E2BAE81B83DC4AFE842038519EB370">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS-USDA c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th &amp; Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0122ED812915165E5B2EFF553B30A867">Maldonado, Yurixi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CEC2DB6806A8524A2CF3B37307BD7AAB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D920CEEDA67BA1AACDECB4781C142CCB">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="770A6B21C103A09DFCD5D5CB13196255">4938</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C82E87E2FF86FFD542A0C0FD5E13F588" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585441" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180323178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585441" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C82E87E2FF86FFD542A0C0FD5E13F588" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C82E87E2FF86FFD542A0C0FD5E13F588" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
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<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF86FFDB42A0C0FD5829F78F" authority="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,817,983,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB42A0C0FD5AD0F78F" bold="true" box="[151,456,983,1010]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Kokkocynips panamensis</emphasis>
Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="69C0579DFF86FFDB410FC0F25862F78F" box="[824,890,984,1010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF86FFDB41BEC0FD58E4F78C" box="[905,1020,983,1009]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetBox-2="[177,1407,204,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetId-2="figure-24@12.[177,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." captionText-1="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." captionText-2="FIG. 4. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Forewing. (B) Habitus. (C) Section of gall showing the alive cynipid. (D) Section of a mature galls on Quercus salicifolia. (E) External view of a gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563828" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4563828/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB42A0C7745A22F00A" box="[151,314,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="9F3C8856FF86FFDB4377C7775AB0F00A" box="[320,424,1117,1143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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) (in
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,
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,
<collectingCountry id="38907664FF86FFDB4112C7775871F005" box="[805,873,1117,1144]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Spain</collectingCountry>
), card-mounted.
<collectingCountry id="38907664FF86FFDB4611C7775FB8F00A" box="[1062,1184,1117,1143]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8243F816FF86FFDB469BC7775E14F00A" box="[1196,1292,1117,1143]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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<elevation id="CBAAD1C7FF86FFDB4052C7AB59DCF0E1" box="[613,708,1153,1180]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4309999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="1431.0">1,431 m</elevation>
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;
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gall of twigs of
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF86FFDB4197C7A85E32F0E6" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[928,1322,1153,1180]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
<location id="4558602FFF86FFDB4197C7A85FB0F0E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C82E87E2FF86FFD542A0C0FD5E13F588:4558602FFF86FFDB4197C7A85FB0F0E6" box="[928,1192,1153,1180]" country="Spain" latitude="8.792245" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.4603" name="Quercus salicifolia Nee" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" stateProvince="Madrid">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB4197C7A85F6CF0E6" box="[928,1140,1153,1180]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
Née
</location>
(
<location id="4558602FFF86FFDB4681C7AB5E3AF0E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C82E87E2FF86FFD542A0C0FD5E13F588:4558602FFF86FFDB4681C7AB5E3AF0E6" box="[1206,1314,1153,1179]" country="Spain" latitude="8.792245" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.4603" name="Fagaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" stateProvince="Madrid">Fagaceae</location>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF86FFDB470FC7AB5E97F0E6" box="[1336,1423,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,204,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[177,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Forewing. (B) Habitus. (C) Section of gall showing the alive cynipid. (D) Section of a mature galls on Quercus salicifolia. (E) External view of a gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563828/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
); gall collected
<date id="34391034FF86FFDB4305C78F5ABDF0C2" box="[306,421,1189,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2008-10-21">
<collectingDate id="247DE9DCFF86FFDB4305C78F5ABDF0C2" box="[306,421,1189,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2008-10-21">21.x.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
; insect emerged
<date id="34391034FF86FFDB406BC78F59ABF0C2" box="[604,691,1189,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2008-11">
<collectingDate id="247DE9DCFF86FFDB406BC78F59ABF0C2" box="[604,691,1189,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2008-11">xi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="ED725322FF86FFDB408AC78C584CF0C2" box="[701,852,1189,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">E. Medianero</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="F0EF3CA9FF86FFDB41BEC78C5E8DF156" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3049483302" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="9F3C8856FF86FFDB41BEC78C58E2F0BD" box="[905,1018,1190,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="5681FD7DFF86FFDB4633C78F5F3FF0C2" box="[1028,1063,1189,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same data as
<typeStatus id="9F3C8856FF86FFDB46F3C78F5E32F0C2" box="[1220,1322,1189,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="5681FD7DFF86FFDB4704C78F5E4FF0C2" box="[1331,1367,1189,1215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, same data as
<typeStatus id="9F3C8856FF86FFDB42DFC7E35A52F09E" box="[232,330,1225,1251]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but collected
<date id="34391034FF86FFDB43D3C7E35944F099" box="[484,604,1225,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2008-10-25">25-x-2008</date>
; insect emerged
<date id="34391034FF86FFDB4125C7E35875F09E" box="[786,877,1225,1251]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2008-11">xi-2008</date>
.
<specimenCount id="5681FD7DFF86FFDB4142C7E05881F099" box="[885,921,1226,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="38907664FF86FFDB41A9C7E35F00F09E" box="[926,1048,1225,1251]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8243F816FF86FFDB4616C7E35F99F09E" box="[1057,1153,1225,1251]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
, Volcán Barú,
<geoCoordinate id="25B35033FF86FFDB4717C7E35BB6F175" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" precision="1" seconds="50.8" value="8.797445">8°47´50.8” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25B35033FF86FFDB428EC7C75A7CF175" box="[185,356,1261,1288]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" precision="1" seconds="35.9" value="-82.4933">82°29´35.9” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="877F9B11FF86FFDB4358C7C75AD5F175" box="[367,461,1261,1288]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="1800.0">1,800 m</quantity>
; ex gall of twigs of
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF86FFDB409DC7C45F2FF17A" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[682,1079,1261,1288]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB409DC7C45866F17A" box="[682,894,1261,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
Née (Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
; gall collected
<date id="34391034FF86FFDB46E9C7C75E57F175" box="[1246,1359,1261,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2018-11-05">5-xi-2018</date>
; insect emerged
<date id="34391034FF86FFDB42C9C63B5A40F156" box="[254,344,1297,1323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" value="2018-11">xi-2018</date>
, E. Medianero leg.
<specimenCount id="5681FD7DFF86FFDB4004C63B594FF156" box="[563,599,1297,1323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="9F3C8856FF86FFDB4053C63859D7F151" box="[612,719,1298,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
<collectingCountry id="38907664FF86FFDB46FAC63B5E3EF156" box="[1229,1318,1297,1323]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="2696AE31FF86FFDB4702C63B5E91F156" box="[1333,1417,1297,1323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">MEUP</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="089D657FFF86FFDB42F0C61F5FB1F132" box="[199,1193,1333,1360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFDB42F0C61F5FB1F132" blockId="7.[151,1437,1117,1611]" box="[199,1193,1333,1360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB42F0C61F5A27F132" box="[199,319,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species name refers to
<collectingCountry id="38907664FF86FFDB4049C61C59C2F12D" box="[638,730,1334,1360]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Panama</collectingCountry>
, the country of origin of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="089D657FFF86FFDB42F0C6705A52F236" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFDB42F0C6705A21F10E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1117,1611]" box="[199,313,1370,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB42F0C6705A21F10E" box="[199,313,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFDB42F0C6575A52F236" blockId="7.[151,1437,1117,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
The new species differs from the
<typeStatus id="9F3C8856FF86FFDB4008C6545977F1E5" box="[575,623,1406,1432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus,
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB4150C6545F0DF1EA" box="[871,1045,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF86FFDB4150C6545F09F1EA" authorityName="Pujade-Villar. Six Nearctic" authorityYear="2013" box="[871,1041,1405,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doctorrosae">K. doctorrosae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
by the absence of reticulate sculpture on the metasomal terga. It is easily distinguished from the other species transferred here to
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF86FFDB46DFC68B5E6FF1C6" box="[1256,1399,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB46DFC68B5E6FF1C6" box="[1256,1399,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Kokkocynips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having mesoscutellar foveae with distinct posterior margins and inner margins that are widely separated by a broad septum (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF86FFDB42CEC6C35A49F27E" box="[249,337,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). The gall morphology of the new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF86FFDB41F1C6C05F05F27E" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[966,1053,1514,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxii">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB41F1C6C05F05F27E" box="[966,1053,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">K. coxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this similarity is reflected in the phylogenetic analysis, with both species falling into the same clade that is sister to the remaining
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF86FFDB473AC5275E84F25A" box="[1293,1436,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB473AC5275E84F25A" box="[1293,1436,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Kokkocynips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF86FFDB42C0C51B5A21F236" box="[247,313,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[151,198,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[260,1327,179,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@5.[260,1327,179,1696]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority-rule consensus tree of species sampled from across the Cynipini, based on a Bayesian analysis of a concatenation of three loci (cytochrome b, long-wavelength opsin, and the D2 region of the 28S rRNA gene). Black stars at nodes indicate ±95% posterior probability support; white stars indicate 70%-94% posterior probability support. The revised limits of the genus Kokkocynips are indicated by the grey shaded box." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563820/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="089D657FFF86FFD542A0C5B258AAF53C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="description">
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFDB42A0C5B25A8DF2CF" blockId="7.[151,405,1688,1714]" box="[151,405,1688,1714]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
<heading id="1B708198FF86FFDB42A0C5B25A8DF2CF" bold="true" box="[151,405,1688,1714]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" reason="1">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB42A0C5B25A8DF2CF" bold="true" box="[151,405,1688,1714]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">General Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFDB42A0C5CA5844F287" blockId="7.[151,1437,1760,2038]" box="[151,860,1760,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
Body length,
<quantity id="877F9B11FF86FFDB4318C5CA5A9DF287" box="[303,389,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
(range
<quantity id="877F9B11FF86FFDB43EDC5CA5963F287" box="[474,635,1760,1786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.465" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.23" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="3.465" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.23">3.23-3.70 mm</quantity>
;
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB40B0C5CB5982F287" box="[647,666,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">N</emphasis>
= 6) for females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFDB42F0C42E5912F3F7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1760,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Head, mesosoma and metasoma predominantly reddish-amber; frons above clypeus, parapsidal furrows and anterior parallel lines, transscutal fissure, scutellar foveae, sides of mesoscutellum and postero-lateral parts of mesopleuron brown to black. Antennae brown; legs the same colour as body, except for brown metatibia and metatarsi. Forewing very slightly infuscate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFDB42F0C4BE5A63F3D3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1760,2038]" box="[199,379,1940,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF86FFDB42F0C4BE5A63F3D3" box="[199,379,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Asexual Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF86FFD442F0C4925A74F66B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1760,2038]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
Head, with frons, face and genae coriaceous. Face with radiating striae from clypeus very short, barely distinctive, that do not reach across half the malar space. Face slightly carinate below torulus. Face and occiput moderately pubescent. Head in dorsal view 2.5x as wide as long (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44105C3BD5893F4CC" box="[818,907,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). POL 1.5x longer than OOL; posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 2.0x its longest diameter (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44160C39058A8F4A9" box="[855,944,186,212]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Head in anterior view generally oval (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44758C3905BA5F485" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), 1.3x as wide as high. Genae slightly expanded behind eyes. Clypeus trapezoidal, 2.4x as wide as high, coriaceous, moderately pubescent, ventral margin moderately sinuate and clearly projected over mandibles. Anterior and posterior tentorial pits large and very deeply impressed and distinctive; epistomal line strongly curved, clypeopleurostomal lines distinct. Malar space 0.3x height of compound eye, malar (subocular) sulcus weak but present in the form of a shallow impressed area from compound eye almost reaching to the base of the mandible. Distance between antennal rim and compound eye 1.0x width of antennal socket including rim. Ocellar plate raised. Head, posterior view (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD4437EC29E5AB8F5B2" box="[329,416,436,463]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) with coriaceous sculpture and with moderately long setae at the sides. Gular sulci widely separated at hypostomata; distance between occipital and oral foramina as long as the occipital foramen. Without an occipital carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C10A581DF6FC" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD4436EC10A5AACF647" box="[345,436,544,570]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Mandibles strong and exposed, moderately pubescent; right mandible with three teeth, left with two teeth. Cardo of maxilla visible, maxillary stipes approximately 2.0x as long as wide. Maxillary palp five-segmented. Labial palp three-segmented (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44097C14D59E0F6FC" box="[672,760,615,641]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C1A15F9CF76D" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Antennae (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44375C1A15A8FF6D8" box="[322,407,651,677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) as long as 1/2 body length, with 14 segments; flagellum not broadening toward apex, with short, erect setae and elongate placodeal sensilla visible only on flagellar segments 2–12. Relative lengths of antennal segments 20:15:50:35:26:26:22:22:18:17:17:16:15:29. Pedicel globose, small, 0.7 times as long as scape; F1 1.4x as long as F2 (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44345C1DC5AD1F76D" box="[370,457,758,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
); F12 2.6x longer than wide and 1.9x as long as F11 (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44615C1DC5F6FF76D" box="[1058,1143,758,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C03059ECF7BE" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44378C0305A83F749" box="[335,411,794,820]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A-C). Mesonotum as long as high in lateral view, strongly convex dorsally (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD446D2C0305E25F749" box="[1253,1341,794,820]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Pronotum, moderately pubescent; with long and dense white setae, lateral surface of pronotum with longitudinal wrinkles (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44297C04B5BE1F706" box="[160,249,865,891]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Pronotum short medially, ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally = 0.2. Anterior part of pronotal plate with a posterolateral tooth-like section present; dorsal part of pronotal plate distinctly offset, with anterolateral corners, ventral and lateral margins marked (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD440BAC08359FFF7BE" box="[653,743,937,963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C0E75E8FF155" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Mesoscutum finely coriaceous; only slightly pubescent with scattered setae anterior and laterally, with a row of setae along the notauli. Notauli percurrent, deep, smooth, well impressed along entire length, reaching pronotum, convergent posteriorly. Median mesoscutal impression present but very short. Anteroadmedian signa clearly visible. Parapsidal signa broad, smooth. Transscutal fissure narrow; distance between the fissure and the anterior margin of scutellar foveae wide (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD443AFC7715AE9F00B" box="[408,497,1115,1142]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Scutellum (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD440BEC77159FAF00B" box="[649,738,1115,1142]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), rounded, approximately 0.4x as long as mesoscutum, coriaceous with some lateral carinae, posterior margin not emarginate, scutellar foveae well differentiated, deep, smooth and quite widely separated, the space between them being almost as wide as a fovea. Scutellum overlapping the dorsellum posteriorly in lateral view. Axillula barely pubescent, their anterior margins and posterior marked. Mesopleuron medially with a longitudinal band of coriaceous sculpture and with some shallow longitudinal rugae; the upper and low parts of the mesopleuron without sculpture; the mesopleural triangle, moderately pubescent (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44705C6245E92F155" box="[1330,1418,1294,1320]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C61859F1F1C5" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Metanotum (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD4436EC6185AA4F131" box="[345,444,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[180,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Head, dorsal view. (D) Propodeum. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of the last flagellomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563822/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figs. 2D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD443C3C6185900F131" box="[500,536,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">3C</figureCitation>
). Metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleural sulcus reaching posterior margin of mesopectus at mid-height of metapectal-propodeal complex (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD4416AC67F58ACF10D" box="[861,948,1365,1392]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, slightly divergent dorsally and curved ventrally. Median propodeal area wide and bare, with only some weak rugae. Lateral propodeal area moderately pubescent. Nucha rugose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C6EB5E9DF1A6" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" box="[199,1413,1473,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD4433AC6EB5A7FF1A6" box="[269,359,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Moderately pubescent, Metatarsal claws simple, without acute basal lobes or teeth (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44714C6EB5E60F1A6" box="[1315,1400,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C6CE5E8FF217" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44374C6CE5A87F182" box="[323,415,1508,1535]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,204,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[177,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Forewing. (B) Habitus. (C) Section of gall showing the alive cynipid. (D) Section of a mature galls on Quercus salicifolia. (E) External view of a gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563828/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). As long as body; veins strongly pigmented. Radial cell 3.4x as long as wide, open along anterior margin, areolet large, triangular, closed. Rs nearly straight, reaching wing margin. R1 slightly bowed not reaching wing margin. M nearly straight, not reaching wing margin. Rs+M reaching basalis at mid-height. First abscissa of radius (2r) slightly angled. Basal cell pubescent. Apical margin of wing with moderately long hair fringe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C55E5A6AF361" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Metasoma rounded (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44387C5595910F2F3" box="[432,520,1651,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Large, as long as head and mesosoma combined, 1.1x as long as high in lateral view. Second metasomal tergite about 0.5x length of metasoma, with a group of sparse setae latero-basally, following tergites finely but densely micropunctate (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD440A0C59159F6F2A8" box="[663,750,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Projecting part of hypopygial spine long, about 4.5x as long as wide in ventral view, laterally with some setae, basal setae longer, the apical ones short and not reaching apex of the spine (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD4433CC4285A7DF361" box="[267,357,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Pronotum, antero-dorsal view. (B) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Hind leg. (E) Metasoma, lateral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. (G) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C40C5AD6F33D" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" box="[199,462,1830,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF89FFD442F0C40C5AD6F33D" box="[199,462,1830,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
Gall (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD4433EC40C5A94F33D" box="[265,396,1830,1857]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,204,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[177,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Forewing. (B) Habitus. (C) Section of gall showing the alive cynipid. (D) Section of a mature galls on Quercus salicifolia. (E) External view of a gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563828/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figs. 4C–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD443A0C40C5ADFF33D" box="[407,455,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-21@23.[170,1417,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 11. Galls of species of Kokkocynips. (A) K. doctorrosae Pujade-Villar. (B) Kokkocynips imbricariae (Ashmead). (C) Kokkocynips coxii (Basset). (D) Kokkocynips decidua (Beutenmueller). (E) Kokkocynips difficilis (Ashmead). (F) Kokkocynips rileyi (Ashmead). (G) Kokkocynips attractans (Kinsey). (H) Kokkocynips panamensis n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">11H</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF89FFD442F0C460593BF38E" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF89FFD442F0C4605AFDF319" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,485,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF89FFD442F0C4605AFDF319" box="[199,485,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Kokkocynips panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
induces an elongated multilocular swelling gall in young stems, oval to spindleshaped, with the same colour and surface texture as the bark of twigs (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44188C4475F46F3F5" box="[959,1118,1901,1928]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,204,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[177,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Forewing. (B) Habitus. (C) Section of gall showing the alive cynipid. (D) Section of a mature galls on Quercus salicifolia. (E) External view of a gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563828/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figs. 4D &amp; E</figureCitation>
). The galls have an average length of
<quantity id="877F9B11FF89FFD44331C4BB5A4EF3D1" box="[262,342,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
(range
<quantity id="877F9B11FF89FFD44399C4BB595AF3D1" box="[430,578,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 60 mm</quantity>
) and diameter
<quantity id="877F9B11FF89FFD440D9C4BB5827F3D1" box="[750,831,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
(range
<quantity id="877F9B11FF89FFD441A0C4BB5F33F3D1" box="[919,1067,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 85 mm</quantity>
) (n = 12). The internal structure of the gall is highly lignified and is multilocular, containing several larval cells (
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD44617C49F5FA9F3B2" box="[1056,1201,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,204,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[177,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. Kokkocynips panamensis, new species, asexual female. (A) Forewing. (B) Habitus. (C) Section of gall showing the alive cynipid. (D) Section of a mature galls on Quercus salicifolia. (E) External view of a gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563828/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figs. 4C, 4D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="D8BC2A71FF89FFD446DEC49F5E04F3B2" box="[1257,1308,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[151,198,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-21@23.[170,1417,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 11. Galls of species of Kokkocynips. (A) K. doctorrosae Pujade-Villar. (B) Kokkocynips imbricariae (Ashmead). (C) Kokkocynips coxii (Basset). (D) Kokkocynips decidua (Beutenmueller). (E) Kokkocynips difficilis (Ashmead). (F) Kokkocynips rileyi (Ashmead). (G) Kokkocynips attractans (Kinsey). (H) Kokkocynips panamensis n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4563846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4563846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">11H</figureCitation>
). The outer layers crack and peel in older galls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403836F4FF88FFD542F0C3BD58AAF53C" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
The gall of
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD5437CC3BD597DF4CD" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[331,613,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD5437CC3BD597DF4CD" box="[331,613,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Kokkocynips panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles those induced by
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD5419CC3BD5E33F4CC" authority="(Bassett, 1881)" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Nicholls &amp; Tang &amp; Melika &amp; Stone &amp; Pujade-Villar &amp; Buffington &amp; Maldonado &amp; Medianero" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[939,1323,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxii">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD5419CC3BD5F60F4CD" box="[939,1144,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Kokkocynips coxii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="24164B05FF88FFD546B0C3BD5E3BF4CC" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[1159,1315,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="51 - 112" refId="ref14205" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1881) New species of Cynipidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 13, 51 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1351 - 3" type="journal article" year="1881">Bassett, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD5470FC3BD5935F4A8" authority="(Kinsey, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Protobalandricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD5470FC3BD5A98F4A8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Protobalandricus spectabilis</emphasis>
(Kinsey, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD54054C3915F26F4A8" authority="(Kinsey, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[611,1086,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asymmetricus">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD54054C3915888F4A9" box="[611,912,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Dryocosmus asymmetricus</emphasis>
(Kinsey, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
from North America,
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD54700C3915999F484" authority="Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, 2009" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD54700C3915A31F485" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Andricus costaricensis</emphasis>
Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, 2009
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="38907664FF88FFD540F1C3F55858F484" box="[710,832,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and some galls of
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD54621C3F55FACF484" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1046,1204,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD54621C3F55FACF484" box="[1046,1204,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Plagiotrochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD54764C3F5594FF560" authority="(Boyer de Fonsc., 1832))" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonsc." baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaeramulorum">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD54764C3F55A2FF560" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">P. gallaeramulorum</emphasis>
(Boyer de Fonsc., 1832))
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD540BAC2295F8AF560" authority="(Hartig, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[653,1170,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macropterus">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD540BAC22958F4F561" box="[653,1004,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Pseudoneuroterus macropterus</emphasis>
(Hartig, 1843)
</taxonomicName>
from Europe; however, the morphology of the adults is very different as are the
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD5413BC20D5872F53C" box="[780,874,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD5413BC20D5872F53C" box="[780,874,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hosts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="089D657FFF88FFD542F0C26158FCF51B" box="[199,996,331,358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="403836F4FF88FFD542F0C26158FCF51B" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,501]" box="[199,996,331,358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD542F0C2615A25F518" box="[199,317,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Host plant</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD5437CC261594CF518" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[331,596,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD5437CC2615938F518" box="[331,544,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
Née
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD54054C26159C8F518" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[611,720,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD540ECC2615821F518" box="[731,825,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD540ECC2615821F518" box="[731,825,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sect. Lobatae).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="089D657FFF88FFD542F0C245590DF5D0" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="403836F4FF88FFD542F0C245590DF5D0" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD542F0C2455A48F5F4" box="[199,336,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD54357C2455964F5F5" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[352,636,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD54357C2455964F5F5" box="[352,636,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Kokkocynips panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found from
<quantity id="877F9B11FF88FFD54176C24558FBF5F4" box="[833,995,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="1600.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1400.0">
<geoCoordinate id="25B35033FF88FFD54176C2455867F5F4" box="[833,895,367,393]" degrees="1,400" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" precision="55" value="1.4">1,400</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="25B35033FF88FFD541B7C24558D4F5F4" box="[896,972,367,393]" degrees="1,800" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" precision="55" value="-1.8">–1,800</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
above sea level at Volcán Barú and El Salto,
<collectingRegion id="8243F816FF88FFD542E8C2B95AB1F5D0" box="[223,425,403,429]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Chiriquí Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="38907664FF88FFD54382C2B95909F5D0" box="[437,529,403,429]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="089D657FFF88FFD542F0C29D5E13F588" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="403836F4FF88FFD542F0C29D5E13F588" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD542F0C29D5A06F5AC" box="[199,286,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Biology</emphasis>
: only the asexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="87874D77FF88FFD540B2C29D5887F5AD" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[645,927,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Kokkocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="72F3EAE6FF88FFD540B2C29D5887F5AD" box="[645,927,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Kokkocynips panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known. The galls are found between October and November, during the rainy season. The adult insects emerge from mature galls in November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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