612 lines
80 KiB
XML
612 lines
80 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8CC536AC6596C2F281F062C183583EF5">Revalidation of Vareuptychia Forster, 1964, description of Vanima gen. nov., and notes on Euptychia cleophes Godman & Salvin, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6BA4DB22F59A315D7A0C22E8028C5A7">Department of Zoology, Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6076 - 8463</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3DEB15DDDB5A65B629A2674EF1300EE0">Department of Zoology, Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3655 - 4606</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="91D3B5A23960B37C9D8C58EB751ACF8A">Huertas, Blanca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B533E7A3308AEBB9C320F0018FF41A6">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9807 - 4790</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E966EE6B3C3DC4BE82299119D169735">Espeland, Marianne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C680B87B52FC844FC98CDB5B456DC53A">Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6800 - 4783</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="081E6A24C23764430A07185293A32138">Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Borboletas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5763 - 4990</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DBAFA73C713AB27DBE941F354D57655E">Willmott, Keith R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A7327BD398A810EE562D0345478AD3F">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Departament of Entomology, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3664 - 6730</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9CD634F2ED777DAF254519B7C6BC0913">Nakahara, Shinichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1CE4E0C09791302A80256C6B16B1B08B">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Departament of Entomology, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3664 - 6730</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6C4651D86B5CDD93C6F0F12DA2C47458">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D33D878EFFA2747CFF33FE995069FA7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498517" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177207937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4498517" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D33D878EFFA2747CFF33FE995069FA7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D33D878EFFA2747CFF33FE995069FA7D" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FF33FE9957A5FE8E" authority="(Godman & Salvin, 1889)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,685,325,352]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FF33FE99546FFEB1" bold="true" box="[151,359,325,352]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Megisto cleophes</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FED2FE9A57ADFE8E" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[374,677,325,351]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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comb. nov.
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<subSubSection id="138E6513FFA27473FF33FEB5542FFE54" box="[151,295,362,389]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA27473FF33FEB5542FFE54" blockId="22.[151,827,325,389]" box="[151,295,362,389]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFA27473FF3BFEB55428FE54" box="[159,288,362,389]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 74–78" captionStart-1="FIGURES 79–83" captionStart-2="FIGURES 84–85" captionStart-3="FIGURE 86" captionStartId-0="22.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,264,1264,1288]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,264,1237,1261]" captionStartId-3="25.[151,250,1104,1128]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,873,1754]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1383,456,1213]" captionTargetBox-2="[437,1152,422,1209]" captionTargetBox-3="[161,1428,188,1073]" captionTargetId-0="figure-247@22.[151,1435,853,1780]" captionTargetId-1="figure-124@23.[149,1438,417,1240]" captionTargetId-2="figure-136@24.[432,1156,417,1214]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1080]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionText-0="FIGURES 74–78. Megisto cleophes comb. nov.: 74. lectotype of Euptychia cleophes Godman & Salvin, 1889—dorsal, ventral and labels; 75–76. male (Guerrero, Mexico), dorsal and ventral; 77–78. female (Guerrero, Mexico). Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURES 79–83. Male genitalia of Megisto cleophes comb. nov. (BMNH#1420652): 79. lateral, 80. dorsal, 81. ventral, 82. aedeagus, dorsal, 83. aedeagus, lateral. Black arrows indicate generic diagnostic features. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 84–85. Female genitalia of Megisto cleophes comb. nov. (BMNH#1420655): 84. lateral, 85. ventral. Black arrows indicate generic diagnostic features. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 86. Map showing the distribution of Megisto cleophes comb. nov.." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411448" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411450" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411452" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411454" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4411448/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4411450/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4411452/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4411454/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 74–86</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="138E6513FFA27473FF33FE71506CFD90" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FF33FE715787FE17" ID-CoL="3CYYG" authority="Godman & Salvin, 1889: 352" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityPageNumber="352" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,655,430,454]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
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<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FF33FE715455FE17" box="[151,349,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euptychia cleophes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FEC7FE715787FE17" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[355,655,430,454]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin, 1889: 352</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<typeStatus id="842F883AFFA27473FD3DFE7057FEFE16" box="[665,758,431,455]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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: [
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<collectingCountry id="23837608FFA27473FCA1FE71565FFE17" box="[773,855,430,454]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA27473FCC5FE7156CAFE17" box="[865,962,430,454]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
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], Tierra Colorada and Dos Caminos.
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<typeStatus id="842F883AFFA27473FA93FE705094FE16" box="[1335,1436,431,455]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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here designated: [
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<collectingCountry id="23837608FFA27473FEDDFE1254C3FE34" box="[377,459,461,485]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA27473FE72FE12573FFE34" box="[470,567,461,485]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
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], Dos Caminos; NHMUK (examined); Godman, 1901 vin: 653, pl. 107, figs. 3–4 (female).—Weymer, 1911: 201.—
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<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FDA1FE3357B3FDD5" author="Gaede, M." box="[517,699,492,516]" page="443" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FDA1FE3357B3FDD5" author="Gaede, M." box="[517,699,492,516]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="321 - 544" refId="ref19315" refString="Gaede, M. (1931) Familia Satyridae. Lepidopterum Catalogus, 46, 321 - 544." type="journal article" year="1931">Gaede, 1931: 443</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FD7CFE3356A5FDD2" author="D'Abrera, B. L." box="[728,941,491,516]" page="761" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FD7CFE3356A5FDD2" author="D'Abrera, B. L." box="[728,941,491,516]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="679 - 877" refId="ref18355" refString="D'Abrera, B. L. (1988) Butterflies of the Neotropical Region-Part V. Nymphalidae (Concl.) & Satyridae. Black Rock, Hill House, Victoria, pp. 679 - 877." type="book chapter" year="1988">D’Abrera, 1988: 761</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(male, female).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA27473FF33FDD4506CFD90" blockId="22.[151,1437,430,577]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFA27473FF33FDD4506CFD90" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FF33FDD4543DFDF3" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,309,522,546]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FF33FDD4543DFDF3" box="[151,309,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cissia cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FEE6FDD557ADFDF3" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[322,677,522,546]" page="45" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FEE6FDD557ADFDF3" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[322,677,522,546]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref20624" refString="Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D. (1996) Lista de las mariposas del Estado de Jalisco, Mexico. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 46, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Llorente-Bousquets
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FDABFDD4574AFDF3" box="[527,578,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996: 45
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FD67FDD556F6FDF3" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[707,1022,522,546]" page="119" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FD67FDD556F6FDF3" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[707,1022,522,546]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="91 - 133" refId="ref20983" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. (1996) Sintesis de los Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) del Estado de Veracruz. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 93, 91 - 133." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FCF9FDD45687FDF3" box="[861,911,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996: 119
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FBBFFDD55051FDF3" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[1051,1369,522,546]" page="221" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FBBFFDD55051FDF3" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[1051,1369,522,546]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="209 - 224" refId="ref20755" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D. (2003) Biodiversity and biogeography of Mexican butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105 (1), 209 - 224." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FB12FDD451E0FDF3" box="[1206,1256,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003: 221
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FADCFDD5546BFD90" author="Lamas, G." page="218" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FADCFDD5546BFD90" author="Lamas, G." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref20492" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol. 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Gainesville, pp. 217 - 223." type="book chapter" year="2004">Lamas, 2004: 218</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FE24FDF65771FD90" author="Michan, L. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Castro, D. J." box="[384,633,553,577]" page="130" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FE24FDF65771FD90" author="Michan, L. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Castro, D. J." box="[384,633,553,577]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="101 - 132" refId="ref21275" refString="Michan, L., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A. & Castro, D. J. (2005) Breve historia de la taxonomia de Lepidoptera en Mexico durante el siglo XX. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 29 (110), 101 - 132." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Michán
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FE72FDF55701FD90" box="[470,521,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005: 130
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Llorente-Bousquets
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FCCDFDF55695FD90" box="[873,925,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006: 973.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFA27473FB8FFDF65068FD90" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[1067,1376,553,577]" page="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FB8FFDF65068FD90" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[1067,1376,553,577]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref20810" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F. (2011) Apendice VIII. 25 Listado de especies de Papilionoidea y Hesperioidea del Estado de Veracruz. In: La Biodiversidad en Veracruz: Estudio de Estado. Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de La Biodiversidad, Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Mexico, pp. 1 - 29." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FB62FDF551F1FD90" box="[1222,1273,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011: 23
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFA27472FF33FDB055F8FA31" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA27473FF33FDB0516DFCEF" blockId="22.[151,1436,623,830]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FF33FDB0541AFD58" bold="true" box="[151,274,623,649]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FEBCFDAF54D2FD58" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[280,474,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FEBCFDAF54D2FD58" box="[280,474,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Megisto cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FE45FDB05769FD58" bold="true" box="[481,609,623,649]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FD7AFDAF510BFD58" authority="(Cramer, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[734,1027,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymela">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FD7AFDAF5659FD58" box="[734,849,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. cymela</emphasis>
|
||
(Cramer, 1777)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but can be easily distinguished from that species by the absence of an ocellus in CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C71034DDFFA27473FD17FD7957B3FD65" attach="left" box="[691,699,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C71034DDFFA27473FD5EFD79560AFD65" attach="left" box="[762,770,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
on both the DFW and VFW, and by having crenulated submarginal and marginal lines on the VW (straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FD45FD67565EFD00" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[737,854,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymela">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FD45FD67565EFD00" box="[737,854,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. cymela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The wing pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FBF2FD6751D6FD00" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1110,1246,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FBF2FD6751D6FD00" box="[1110,1246,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FB42FD68506FFD00" bold="true" box="[1254,1383,695,721]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
also resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FEC0FD0357EEFD24" authority="(Edwards, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[356,742,731,758]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FEC0FD035716FD24" box="[356,542,731,758]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cissia rubricata</emphasis>
|
||
(Edwards, 1871)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs by the absence of the orange spot in the median region of the DFW and VFW, and by having the median and submarginal lines running parallel from the costal to the inner margin (the lines converge between 2A and the inner margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FC6EFCFB515DFCEC" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[970,1109,803,830]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FC6EFCFB515DFCEC" box="[970,1109,803,830]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. rubricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0FEB6610FFA27473FF33F8D45048F896" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411448/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,264,1803,1827]" targetBox="[152,1435,873,1754]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA27473FF33F8D45048F896" blockId="22.[151,1436,1803,1864]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FF33F8D4545CF8F2" bold="true" box="[151,340,1803,1827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURES 74–78.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FEFDF8D35701F8F5" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[345,521,1804,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FEFDF8D35701F8F5" box="[345,521,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Megisto cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FDABF8D3578AF8F5" bold="true" box="[527,642,1804,1828]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
: 74. lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA27473FC96F8D351FAF8F5" authority="Godman & Salvin, 1889" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[818,1266,1804,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FC96F8D356FFF8F5" box="[818,1015,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euptychia cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA27473FC59F8D351FAF8F5" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[1021,1266,1804,1828]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—dorsal, ventral and labels; 75–76. male (Guerrero, Mexico), dorsal and ventral; 77–78. female (Guerrero, Mexico). Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA27472FF63F8A95195FE58" blockId="22.[151,1436,1910,2008]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA27473FF63F8A9547BF841" bold="true" box="[199,371,1910,1936]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFA27473FE27F8A95705F841" box="[387,525,1910,1936]" captionStart="FIGURES 79–83" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[184,1383,456,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-124@23.[149,1438,417,1240]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 79–83. Male genitalia of Megisto cleophes comb. nov. (BMNH#1420652): 79. lateral, 80. dorsal, 81. ventral, 82. aedeagus, dorsal, 83. aedeagus, lateral. Black arrows indicate generic diagnostic features. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411450/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 79–83</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegumen dorsally convex, laterally subtriangular. Uncus robust at posterior region, tapering at apex, dorsally ovoid with apex truncated. Gnathos curved upwards, about 2/3 length of uncus, slightly sinuous, larger at base and tapering at apex. Combination of ventral arm of tegumen and dorsal arm of saccus sinuous. Appendices angulares developed, wider at base with apex curved downwards. Anterior projection of saccus short, laterally lanceolated, and smaller than gnathos. Fultura superior absent. Fultura inferior as a broad sclerotized plate in U-shape. Valva elongated, covered by long hair-like setae latero-ventrally, and short setae at inner side; costae well-developed; dorsal margin sinuous with a dorsal projection at median region, ventral margin concave at median region; apex pointed, dorsally with wide spiny projection. Aedeagus straight, cylindrical, almost same length as valva; anterior region bottle-shape; posterior region about twice longer than anterior region with bifid apex; distal opening ventral and longer than proximal opening. Vesica without cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0FEB6610FFA37472FF33FB2F51E8FAFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411450/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,264,1264,1288]" targetBox="[184,1383,456,1213]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA37472FF33FB2F51E8FAFA" blockId="23.[151,1437,1264,1324]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FF33FB2F545DFAD9" bold="true" box="[151,341,1264,1288]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURES 79–83.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FDB7FB2E57CDFAD9" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[531,709,1264,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FDB7FB2E57CDFAD9" box="[531,709,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megisto cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FD69FB2F5649FAD9" bold="true" box="[717,833,1264,1288]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72D357F1FFA37472FD69FB2F5649FAD9" box="[717,833,1264,1288]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BMNH#1420652): 79. lateral, 80. dorsal, 81. ventral, 82. aedeagus, dorsal, 83. aedeagus, lateral. Black arrows indicate generic diagnostic features. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA37472FF63FA8555F8FA31" blockId="23.[151,1437,1370,2009]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FF63FA855485FAA5" bold="true" box="[199,397,1370,1396]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFA37472FE39FA855720FAA4" box="[413,552,1370,1397]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–85" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1237,1261]" captionTargetBox="[437,1152,422,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-136@24.[432,1156,417,1214]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 84–85. Female genitalia of Megisto cleophes comb. nov. (BMNH#1420655): 84. lateral, 85. ventral. Black arrows indicate generic diagnostic features. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411452/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 84–85</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eighth tergite rectangular. Papillae anales somewhat oblong covered by long hair-like setae at distal region; posterior apophysis absent. Lamella antevaginalis subtriangular in ventral view. Ductus bursae membranous; corpus bursae membranous, longer than ductus bursae, with paired signa ventrally located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFA37472FF63FA355717F99C" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA37472FF63FA355717F99C" blockId="23.[151,1437,1370,2009]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FF63FA355437F9D5" bold="true" box="[199,319,1514,1540]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Females have a rounded FW (triangular in males), and the submedian and median lines are broader than in males. Males have a dark androconial patch in the median region of the DFW and no pupils in the ocelli on both the VFW and VHW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFA37472FE1AF9ED571AF99C" box="[446,530,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–78" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,873,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[151,1435,853,1780]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 74–78. Megisto cleophes comb. nov.: 74. lectotype of Euptychia cleophes Godman & Salvin, 1889—dorsal, ventral and labels; 75–76. male (Guerrero, Mexico), dorsal and ventral; 77–78. female (Guerrero, Mexico). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411448/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFA37472FF63F98957CEF8D1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA37472FF63F98957CEF8D1" blockId="23.[151,1437,1370,2009]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FF63F98954F5F9A1" bold="true" box="[199,509,1622,1648]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFA37472FCE1F9895693F9A1" box="[837,923,1622,1648]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA37472FBF8F98951CCF9A1" box="[1116,1220,1622,1648]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA37472FB77F989503BF9A1" box="[1235,1331,1622,1648]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Morelos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA37472FAE5F9895090F9A1" box="[1345,1432,1622,1648]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA37472FF33F9A555EBF945" box="[151,227,1658,1684]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Puebla</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA37472FEBCF9A45477F944" box="[280,383,1659,1685]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, at altitudes up to
|
||
<quantity id="9C6C9B7DFFA37472FDEDF9A55795F944" box="[585,669,1658,1685]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA37472FD0FF9A556C5F945" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[683,973,1658,1685]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="91 - 133" refId="ref20983" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. (1996) Sintesis de los Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) del Estado de Veracruz. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 93, 91 - 133." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FCF0F9A4568DF945" box="[852,901,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2003, 2011;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA37472FBC6F9A55030F944" author="Michan, L. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Castro, D. J." box="[1122,1336,1658,1685]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="101 - 132" refId="ref21275" refString="Michan, L., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A. & Castro, D. J. (2005) Breve historia de la taxonomia de Lepidoptera en Mexico durante el siglo XX. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 29 (110), 101 - 132." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Michán
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FB1BF9A451E7F945" box="[1215,1263,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; plus examined material) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFA37472FEC1F94154B2F968" box="[357,442,1694,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 86" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1104,1128]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,188,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1080]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 86. Map showing the distribution of Megisto cleophes comb. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411454/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FE69F9405799F969" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[461,657,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FE69F9405799F969" box="[461,657,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megisto cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FD3CF94157F6F969" bold="true" box="[664,766,1694,1720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">comb. n.</emphasis>
|
||
flies from March to October. The immature stages and host plants are unknown, although the related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FDC0F91C57D0F90D" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[612,728,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymela">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FDC0F91C57D0F90D" box="[612,728,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. cymela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been documented feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FBF7F91C5186F90D" box="[1107,1166,1731,1756]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xyridaceae" genus="Xyris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FBF7F91C5186F90D" box="[1107,1166,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xyris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FB1FF91D5000F90D" box="[1211,1288,1730,1756]" class="Liliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Poales</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FAB7F91D509CF90C" box="[1299,1428,1730,1757]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xyridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Xyridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA37472FF3BF9395413F8D1" author="Tietz, H. M." box="[159,283,1766,1792]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref23578" refString="Tietz, H. M. (1972) An index of the described life-histories, early stages and hosts of the Macrolepidoptera of continental United States and Canada. V ol. 2. A. C. Allyn, Sarasota, Florida, 1041 pp." type="book" year="1972">Tietz 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA37472FE83F9395712F8D1" author="Ferris, C. D. & Brown, F. M." box="[295,538,1766,1793]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref18724" refString="Ferris, C. D. & Brown, F. M. (1981) Butterflies of the Rocky Mountain States. University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, 442 pp." type="book" year="1981">Ferris & Brown 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA37472FD80F93957B2F8D1" author="Ackery, P. R." box="[548,698,1766,1792]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="95 - 203" refId="ref16859" refString="Ackery, P. R. (1988) Host plants and classification: A review of nymphalid butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 33 (2), 95 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1988. tb 00446. x" type="journal article" year="1988">Ackery 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFA3747CFF63F8D55069FA7D" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFA3747DFF63F8D557FFFE58" blockId="23.[151,1437,1370,2009]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,150,393]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FF63F8D55691F8F5" bold="true" box="[199,921,1802,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Type material,
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFA37472FEDBF8D554E2F8F5" box="[383,490,1802,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation and taxonomic history.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FC05F8D55094F8F5" authority="Godman & Salvin, 1889" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[929,1436,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FC05F8D55175F8F5" box="[929,1149,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Euptychia cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFA37472FB22F8D55094F8F5" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[1158,1436,1802,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on at least one male and one female from Tierra Colorada and Dos Caminos,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFA37472FB46F8F15033F899" box="[1250,1339,1838,1864]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Two female
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFA37472FF77F88C543DF8BC" box="[211,309,1875,1901]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from Tierra Colorada and Dos Caminos were found at
|
||
<collectionCode id="3D85AE5DFFA37472FC37F88C5108F8BC" box="[915,1024,1875,1901]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
, and one of them is herein designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFA37472FF46F8A95441F841" box="[226,329,1910,1936]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FED5F8A854FBF841" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[369,499,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FED5F8A854FBF841" box="[369,499,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to fix the identity of the species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFA37472FCD3F8A956C4F841" box="[887,972,1910,1936]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–78" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,873,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[151,1435,853,1780]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 74–78. Megisto cleophes comb. nov.: 74. lectotype of Euptychia cleophes Godman & Salvin, 1889—dorsal, ventral and labels; 75–76. male (Guerrero, Mexico), dorsal and ventral; 77–78. female (Guerrero, Mexico). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411448/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
); this specimen has the following labels: /Type / Type of species/
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FE06F8455791F865" box="[418,665,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
E[uptychia].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FD93F8455791F865" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[567,665,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">cleophes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
type
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFA37472FD70F84557EDF865" box="[724,741,1946,1972]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
/ B. M. Type No Rh 3144
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFA37472FBA2F84551EEF865" box="[1030,1254,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFA37472FBA2F84551EAF865" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[1030,1250,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">Euptychia cleophes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFA37472FB48F8445009F864" box="[1260,1281,1947,1973]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
G[odman]. & S[alvin]./
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFA37472FEA3F8615410F809" box="[263,280,1982,2008]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
/ Dos Caminos,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFA37472FE74F8615730F809" box="[464,568,1982,2008]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="9C6C9B7DFFA37472FDE7F8615792F809" box="[579,666,1982,2008]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2296" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="ft" value="2700.0">2700 ft.</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<quantity id="9C6C9B7DFFA37472FD03F86157FDF809" box="[679,757,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.22" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="822.0">822 m</quantity>
|
||
], Sept[ember]., H. H. Smith./ Godman-Salvin Coll. 1904.–1. B[iologia]. C[entrali]. A[mericana]. Lep[idoptera]. Rhop[alocera].
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFC26FF48516BFF60" box="[898,1123,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFC26FF485168FF60" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[898,1120,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">Euptychia cleophes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
G[odman]. & S[alvin]./ Sp. figured/ BMNH(E) 1267115/; and two other labels will be added later: /
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFAC747DFC12FF645139FF04" box="[950,1073,187,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFAC747DFBE4FF6451B4FF04" box="[1088,1212,187,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFB66FF6454A6FF28" authority="Godman & Salvin, 1889" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFB66FF645094FF04" box="[1218,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euptychia cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFF33FF0054A6FF28" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[151,430,223,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. T. Zacca det. 2020/.
|
||
<collectionCode id="3D85AE5DFFAC747DFD05FF005607FF28" box="[673,783,223,249]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
. The female
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFAC747DFC04FF0056FFFF28" box="[928,1015,223,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Tierra Colorada will be labeled as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFAC747DFF63FEDC546AFECC" box="[199,354,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Another female specimen found at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="3D85AE5DFFAC747DFCB2FEDC568BFECC" box="[790,899,259,285]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
, from Acahuizotla, also from Smith’s collection, is not part of the type series because it was not mentioned in the original description and is, in fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFAAEFEF855E8FEB4" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFAAEFEF855E8FEB4" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Vareuptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFF4CFE945461FEB4" bold="true" box="[232,361,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
As clarified by Godman (1901: 653), what
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFCF1FE94517BFEB4" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[853,1139,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supposed was the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFF33FEB05410FE58" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,280,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFF33FEB05410FE58" box="[151,280,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also turned out to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFDAFFEB05767FE58" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[523,623,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFDAFFEB05767FE58" box="[523,623,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFDD2FEB057FFFE58" bold="true" box="[630,759,367,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0FEB6610FFAC747DFF33FB0A57CCFAC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411452/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[151,264,1237,1261]" targetBox="[437,1152,422,1209]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFAC747DFF33FB0A57CCFAC0" blockId="24.[151,1436,1237,1298]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFF33FB0A545DFB3C" bold="true" box="[151,341,1237,1261]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURES 84–85.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFD82FB0957DFFB3F" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[550,727,1238,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD82FB0957DFFB3F" box="[550,727,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Megisto cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD7AFB09565AFB3F" bold="true" box="[734,850,1238,1262]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
(BMNH#1420655): 84. lateral, 85. ventral. Black arrows indicate generic diagnostic features. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFAC747DFF63FA9F57BDF8A7" blockId="24.[151,1437,1344,1910]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Based on the wing pattern,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFDA8FA9F563DFA8B" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[524,821,1344,1370]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Godman (1901) suggested that this species was closely allied to
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFEF4FABB570BFAAF" box="[336,515,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
‘Cissia’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFE09FABA570BFAAF" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[429,515,1381,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myncea">myncea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFD9EFABA57CDFAAF" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[570,709,1380,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vanima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labe" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD9EFABA57CDFAAF" box="[570,709,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Vanima labe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD69FABB5645FAAF" bold="true" box="[717,845,1380,1406]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFC00FABB5176FAAF" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[932,1150,1380,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFC00FABB5176FAAF" box="[932,1150,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euptychia cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFAF2FABB5094FAAF" box="[1366,1436,1380,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFAF2FABB5094FAAF" box="[1366,1436,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFF1FFA575490FA73" author="Singer, M. C. & DeVries, P. J. & Ehrlich, P. R." box="[187,408,1416,1442]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="101 - 119" refId="ref23399" refString="Singer, M. C., DeVries, P. J. & Ehrlich, P. R. (1983) The Cissia confusa species-group in Costa Rica and Trinidad (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79 (2), 101 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1983. tb 01162. x" type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Singer
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFEA9FA565437FA73" box="[269,319,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on the immature stages, and this classification was followed by subsequent authors. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFEAFFA7354FFFA16" author="Zacca, T. & Casagrande, M. M. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Huertas, B. & Barbosa, E. P. & Freitas, A. V. L. & Magaldi, L. M. & Espeland, M. & Nakahara, S. & Willmott, K. R." box="[267,503,1452,1479]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="349 - 376" refId="ref24211" refString="Zacca, T., Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., Huertas, B., Barbosa, E. P., Freitas, A. V. L., Magaldi, L. M., Espeland, M., Nakahara, S. & Willmott, K. R. (2018 b) Systematics of the butterfly genus Cissia Doubleday, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) using an integrative approach. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny, 76 (2), 349 - 376." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Zacca
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFEFCFA72549CFA17" box="[344,404,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the species needed to be removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFB22FA7351C4FA17" box="[1158,1228,1452,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFB22FA7351C4FA17" box="[1158,1228,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mainly based on morphological data (wing patterns, venation, male and female genitalia), since DNA sequences were not available for this species. In the present study, we place this species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFCEDFA2A56ABF9DF" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[841,931,1525,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFCEDFA2A56ABF9DF" box="[841,931,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Megisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphological similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFADAFA2A55EEF9E3" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymela">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFADAFA2A55EEF9E3" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. cymela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see illustrations in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFE76F9C75772F9E3" author="Miller, L. D." box="[466,634,1560,1586]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref21402" refString="Miller, L. D. (1976) Revision of the Euptychiini (Satyridae). 3. Megisto Hubner. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 33, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1976">Miller 1976: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 7–12), including the wing pattern, venation, male genitalia with elongated gnathos, short anterior projection of saccus and absence of cornuti and female genitalia with a developed lamella antevaginalis. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFDA4F9BE578FF9AB" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[512,647,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFDA4F9BE578FF9AB" box="[512,647,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD2AF9BF5606F9AB" bold="true" box="[654,782,1632,1658]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
shows some similarities in wing pattern with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFAA9F9BF55CFF94F" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFAA9F9BF55CFF94F" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cissia rubricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these might be the result of convergent evolution; the presence of androconial scales on the DFW is also shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFF74F976544BF913" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[208,323,1704,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymela">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFF74F976544BF913" box="[208,323,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. cymela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and absent in all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFD26F97757C0F913" box="[642,712,1704,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD26F97757C0F913" box="[642,712,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Superficial similarity in wing pattern is also true of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFAB1F9765094F913" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1301,1436,1704,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFAB1F9765094F913" box="[1301,1436,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFF33F913541FF937" bold="true" box="[151,279,1740,1766]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFEE8F91357FFF937" authority="(Godman, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[332,759,1740,1766]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xyridaceae" genus="Llorenteana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFEE8F913573EF937" box="[332,566,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Llorenteana pellonia</emphasis>
|
||
(Godman, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but wing venation and morphology of the male genitalia are helpful to distinguish both taxa. Until very recently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFD48F92E566FF8DB" baseAuthorityName="Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[748,871,1776,1802]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xyridaceae" genus="Llorenteana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD48F92E566FF8DB" box="[748,871,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. pellonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFB85F92E51CBF8DB" box="[1057,1219,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">incertae sedis’</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFB77F92F506CF8DB" author="Lamas, G." box="[1235,1380,1776,1802]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref20492" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol. 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Gainesville, pp. 217 - 223." type="book chapter" year="2004">Lamas 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the species was recently transferred to the new genus
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAC747DFD59F8CB568DF8FF" box="[765,901,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Llorenteana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFC2AF8CB51E5F8FF" author="Viloria, A. L. & Luis-Martinez, A." box="[910,1261,1812,1838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref23626" refString="Viloria, A. L. & Luis-Martinez, A. (2019) Llorenteana, a new butterfly genus from the American Continent (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Dugesiana, 26 (2), 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="2019">Viloria & Luis-Martínez, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAC747DFF33F8E7577FF883" authority="(Viloria & Luis-Martinez 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Viloria & Luis-Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[151,631,1848,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Ypthimina">
|
||
Ypthimina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAC747DFEBEF8E75778F883" author="Viloria, A. L. & Luis-Martinez, A." box="[282,624,1848,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref23626" refString="Viloria, A. L. & Luis-Martinez, A. (2019) Llorenteana, a new butterfly genus from the American Continent (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Dugesiana, 26 (2), 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="2019">Viloria & Luis-Martínez 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, no morphological or molecular phylogenetic analysis has yet confirmed this tentative subtribal placement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0FEB6610FFAD747CFF33FB8F56ACFBB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411454" box="[151,932,1104,1128]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411454/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,250,1104,1128]" targetBox="[161,1428,188,1073]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFAD747CFF33FB8F56ACFBB9" blockId="25.[151,932,1104,1128]" box="[151,932,1104,1128]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFF33FB8F5428FBB9" bold="true" box="[151,288,1104,1128]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 86.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAD747CFDD7FB8E562CFBB9" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[627,804,1104,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFDD7FB8E562CFBB9" box="[627,804,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Megisto cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFC8EFB8F5695FBB9" bold="true" box="[810,925,1104,1128]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFAD747CFF63FB49572FFA59" blockId="25.[151,1437,1174,1453]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFF63FB495760FB61" bold="true" box="[199,616,1174,1200]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Systematic position and discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAD747CFDCAFB4857C0FB61" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[622,712,1175,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFDCAFB4857C0FB61" box="[622,712,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Megisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to the Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAD747CFC6BFB4951DCFB61" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" box="[975,1236,1174,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Palaeonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalina">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFC6BFB4951DCFB61" box="[975,1236,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Palaeonympha opalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAD747CFB45FB495090FB61" author="Pena, C. & Wahlberg, N. & Weingartner, E. & Kodandaramaiah, U. & Nylin, S. & Freitas, A. V. L. & Brower, A. V. Z." box="[1249,1432,1174,1200]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="29 - 49" refId="ref22414" refString="Pena, C., Wahlberg, N., Weingartner, E., Kodandaramaiah, U., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Brower, A. V. Z. (2006) Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40 (1), 29 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.02.007" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Peña
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFA84FB48505FFB61" box="[1312,1367,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAD747CFF33FB6555DBFB05" author="Pena, C. & Nylin, S. & Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N." box="[151,211,1210,1236]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="243 - 258" refId="ref22345" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39 (3), 243 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2010.00421. x" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAD747CFF7BFB6554C1FB05" author="Espeland, M. & Breinholt, J. W. & Barbosa, E. P. & Casagrande, M. M. & Huertas, B. & Lamas, G. & Marin, M. A. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Miller, J. Y. & Nakahara, S. & Tan, D. & Warren, A. D. & Zacca, T. & Kawahara, A. Y. & Freitas, A. V. L. & Willmott, K. R." box="[223,457,1210,1236]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="116 - 124" refId="ref18567" refString="Espeland, M., Breinholt, J. W., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M. M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G., Marin, M. A., Mielke, O. H. H., Miller, J. Y., Nakahara, S., Tan, D., Warren, A. D., Zacca, T., Kawahara, A. Y., Freitas, A. V. L. & Willmott, K. R. (2019) Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.10.039" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Espeland
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFEE9FB64548EFB05" box="[333,390,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with the split of both genera from the remaining South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAD747CFB67FB655042FB05" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1896" box="[1219,1354,1210,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Euptychiina">Euptychiina</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAD747CFF57FB01546DFB29" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[243,357,1246,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFF57FB01546DFB29" box="[243,357,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) estimated to have occurred in the early Miocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFAD747CFC13FB015172FB29" author="Pena, C. & Nylin, S. & Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N." box="[951,1146,1246,1272]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="243 - 258" refId="ref22345" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39 (3), 243 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2010.00421. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Peña
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFC5DFB00513CFB29" box="[1017,1076,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, we were unable to obtain DNA sequences for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAD747CFD9FFADC57CBFACD" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[571,707,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFD9FFADC57CBFACD" box="[571,707,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M. cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFD6FFADD5645FACD" bold="true" box="[715,845,1282,1308]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and our classification of this taxon is based only on comparison of morphological characters. Clearly, DNA sequence data for this species, as well as the enigmatic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFAD747CFF33FA95548BFAB5" baseAuthorityName="Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,387,1354,1380]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xyridaceae" genus="Llorenteana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFF33FA95548BFAB5" box="[151,387,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Llorenteana pellonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, would be valuable to test these taxonomic proposals and better understand the relationships of these restricted Mexican species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFAD747CFF63FA4D5069FA7D" blockId="25.[151,1437,1174,1453]" box="[199,1377,1426,1453]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFAD747CFF63FA4D54BCFA7D" bold="true" box="[199,436,1426,1452]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Examined material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFAD747CFE1FFA4D5719FA7D" box="[443,529,1426,1452]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFAD747CFDE3FA4D57C9FA7D" box="[583,705,1426,1452]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">19 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFAD747CFD75FA4D5654FA7D" box="[721,860,1426,1452]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
dissected)—see Supporting Information (S2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |