300 lines
34 KiB
XML
300 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="65CA77A97C4245E8D32D27A1D183B7DA">The Dilaridae of the Balkan Peninsula and of Anatolia (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62D2210358A4C0C02EB0AB153CB43E93">Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="63488651DB2C58B1930E802E44F71D9B">Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55069145644EFB7E54068D8AAD1F373A">Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="85767A38F25CC54B108D3A6F06AD345E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="63A9107EF7B033B5E172E002712A2A2E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="808F4972A086AA433ECB39F22D6F9BEA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7504F648660E3DB308C996E05A7993B0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.5199</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="922068E3053AEFAC40659C68F3EEDE6B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127876611" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:922068E3053AEFAC40659C68F3EEDE6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/922068E3053AEFAC40659C68F3EEDE6B" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="143F50615B76B9E9DEFDA4922FE14F7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="4500402B31EBE54A89213931EDE54028" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Taxon classification Animalia Neuroptera Dilaridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E33CA3019CB637F7D0CAA3DAE95D5A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="12E19291C2351EAC98E0DC4CB8C44AFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="19F648E4FED350D305743F7865DD171D" ID-CoL="3659G" authority="Hagen, 1858" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus Hagen, 1858</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-4, 5-7, 8, 9-10; 31
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FEE007222BF0E87D591571285917B416" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8AB97AF3DA5DA7AC9494E77DD724BF68" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="90FD97CE7483AB256FB9E9632CC30200" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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Hagen, 1858:
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<bibRefCitation id="06604501786D0FB5AE4CF9DADAD20B33" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="619 - 671" title="Monografia de la familia de los Dilaridos (Ins. Neur.)." volume="7" year="1909">
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<normalizedToken id="821A36ECF38D283104E007569C283F79" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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1909
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="64869C6A10810308662AEECFC5DF4B12" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
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<normalizedToken id="B516D8AC57CBF600231F2F729C5D9BB5" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="76A33A7269BBEFD61CA09CF5EA52FF5F" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="2" year="2001">
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<normalizedToken id="61FE791557D6A52D260D181CC2EEB481" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B07C901ACDAF317A73D29F32EADD04A" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="13A570CCC869E036822C4FD0FC9F53D4" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar corcyraeus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corcyraeus">Dilar corcyraeus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="DF0D3928A4C977135D110DCCD4B57BEA" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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, 1909:
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<bibRefCitation id="6FFDA7982D3A8786ACCC1FBE4BE53900" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
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<normalizedToken id="44FBE18790433190B684FC69ED696D92" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7B900621F4091912528ED49E136B4A3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="A28C8CFAF18C3857D03A4B92ED1F499B" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7BEA842EB12D7FC28AA2D5884A80F452" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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After the original description by
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<bibRefCitation id="08BCA7573F3696840B90B5E16B8C3470" author="Hagen, HA" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="110 - 134" title="Russlands Neuropteren." volume="19" year="1858">Hagen (1858)</bibRefCitation>
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based upon two specimens, one from Turkey and one from Armenia, the species was redescribed, characterised and/or illustrated on several occasions (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="2CD8455DF046A46E17DFF6B6F043D6CA" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="619 - 671" title="Monografia de la familia de los Dilaridos (Ins. Neur.)." volume="7" year="1909">
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<normalizedToken id="0B0D6E3949823B2181ACAC0A173A3164" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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1909
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E5941E73341EB341B2200DCC0BF9E8E8" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 14" title="Family Dilaridae. Neuroptera." volume="156" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EB96F544F0BE427056D6E73B7782A3E4" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
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<normalizedToken id="023761ADD6D43D79DE42F76D55509F46" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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), but none of the two syntypes has ever been examined. When we realized that Anatolia harbours at least one further species of
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<taxonomicName id="ACC0085922D8925AFF492ACB7F2F0937" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dilar</taxonomicName>
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which could not be differentiated eidonomically from
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<taxonomicName id="8E0C626D1BC369DFD7305CF7B451B543" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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, an examination of the types became necessary. Both syntypes still exist. The syntype from Turkey (
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<normalizedToken id="9C4C13EB885AD3866695D1287E1548B8" originalValue="“Türkei”">"Tuerkei"</normalizedToken>
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, Smyrna [=Izmir] written on the original collecting label) is preserved in MFN in Berlin. Unfortunately, this specimen consists only of fragments of the wings (Fig. 8), which do not allow a definite identification. Therefore, we tried to examine the other syntype, which is from Armenia (
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<normalizedToken id="AC5172F9E11B07EAE13E2C848256ED6A" originalValue="“Armenien”">"Armenien"</normalizedToken>
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, without further details on the locality). This syntype is deposited in the MCZ1 of the Harvard University in Cambridge and was kindly sent to us for examination. The specimen is a male in a fairly good condition (Figs 1-7), although it lacks the left fore- and hindwings. In particular, the abdomen is present so that we could study the genital segments. They agree perfectly with the genital segments of that species which has been regarded as
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<taxonomicName id="7E3BA543FA40AE0B7CF4942FE6909858" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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Hagen until now (see Fig. 439 in
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<bibRefCitation id="AF8D5F829137363A47B626F8EB17ED92" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
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<normalizedToken id="D958606B6DD4B6EBACABD00631079E67" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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). We herewith designate the syntype from
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<normalizedToken id="27F19146D4CD720FD5790A07B8C3A798" originalValue="“Armenia”">"Armenia"</normalizedToken>
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as the lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="0164ECB187759328CD402FCB8A2C5A6B" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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Hagen, 1858.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B61E5A9967C06F173CC5731FDAB4E66B" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="F288EE0EAAB602FC220A3BAD1E9D0744" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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shows a considerable variation in size and coloration of wings. Lengths of forewings vary from 7.5 to 13.5 mm. A reliable identification seems - at least presently - only possible on the basis of the male genital segments.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5601634F4E0C00F596009A55E37AA5A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6180D7414203B9BC3EEC211CA07EF317" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="333C90078F698D72DDD9FBF821D561EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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As far as we know the southeast of Europe does not harbour any other species besides
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<taxonomicName id="13B6218FECD0988CA8A1C56D42053AD7" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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. We have examined more than 200 specimens from various localities on the Balkan Peninsula and have not found any hint for the occurrence of a second
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<taxonomicName id="B9915910E4B35C5956D08856C5FE6568" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dilar</taxonomicName>
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species. Thus, it is a reasonable assumption that all published records of
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<taxonomicName id="7F8AD1F1FA249390E2679D6455C8B6C6" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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from localities situated in Europe really refer to this species. We have therefore included all published European records of
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<taxonomicName id="11FBDD2B18110D94562717162F126FB8" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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in the map (Fig. 31). All records outside Europe (mainland) are based upon specimens examined by us. The documented distribution (Suppl. materials 1 and 2) comprises: Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia, Albania, Greece including several islands (Corfu, Chios, Skopelos, Samothraki, Thasos, Lesbos), Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey (
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<bibRefCitation id="259C223866D3D8D370D2ED0936B72D52" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
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<normalizedToken id="787927C3DBF979F77205684129F10F1A" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="D4F9FA3649D920A8D052323E2272346B" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="2" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F56B998A695D4A44F581031C310513EA" author="Devetak, D" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Durmitora" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" pagination="135 - 159" title="Neuropteroidea. Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Planipennia (Insecta)." volume="4" year="1991">Devetak 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2DFB3CE97845C21A0AEE195B24C2C4B7" author="Devetak, D" journalOrPublisher="Znanstvena Revija" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="89 - 114" title="Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Planipennia (Neuropteroidea, Insecta) of Croatia." volume="4" year="1992 a">1992a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="15EAE0CD45A4C97F75828503F0C5AA01" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F75567F475ABA4B77B87A662F2F01071" author="Devetak, D" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="15 - 27" title="Fauna of the Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of the Protected Area Jasen, Macedonia: a summer flash." url="10.3906/zoo-1305-43" volume="39" year="2015">Devetak et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="BDEA9E1493EBB481064ED6B9DDB51347" author="Ghilarov, MS" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="402 - 416" title="The larva of Dilarturcicus Hag. and the position of the family Dilaridae in the order Planipennia." volume="41" year="1962">Ghilarov 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="3EB48BBE7BEA40104B5ED49DEEB64C6F" author="Pongracz, S" journalOrPublisher="Rovartani Lapok" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="175 - 186" title="Ujabb adatok Magyarorszag Neuroptera-faunajahoz." volume="20" year="1913">
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<normalizedToken id="63B8EC9CBCF0D31E2C79E99B9944E445" originalValue="Pongrácz">Pongracz</normalizedToken>
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1913
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="45F4D07B5510F47B6A3D490C4F3CF491" author="Popov, A" journalOrPublisher="Priroda" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="68 - 72" title="What do we know on the distribution of Neuropteroidea in Bulgaria." volume="13" year="1964">Popov 1964</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1818F81B9EE75EA04BCBFA32BB815805" author="Popov, A" journalOrPublisher="Historia Naturalis Bulgarica" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="16 - 28" title="Raphidiopteren und Neuropteren aus Bulgarien in den Sammlungen des Nationalmuseums in Prag." volume="4" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5ACB82DA1F2F02F8987895E88A555D6B" author="Popov, A" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="271 - 280" title="Zoogeographical analysis of Neuroptera in Bulgaria." volume="48" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C4A13B8CE420D521F8724BA7092960D6" author="Popov, A" editor="Beron, P" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural History, Sofia" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="371 - 378" title="List of Raphidioptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera published from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)." volumeTitle="Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="635ADB4D118A29E6DE99C9F65AA2EF2B" author="Popov, A" editor="Pantaleoni, RA" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="117 - 130" title="Distribution of the families of Neuroptera with low species diversity in Bulgaria." volume="8" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 9 th International Symposium on Neuropterology, Ferrara 20 - 23 June 2005." year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EC1F60FA80C3AD35BE32604D03E44D7F" author="Zakharenko, AV" journalOrPublisher="Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Khar'kovskogo Sel'sko-Khozyaistvennogo Instituta" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="20 - 24" title="O faune i prakticheskom znachenii setchatokrylykh Ukrainy" volume="282" year="1982">Zakharenko 1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5A946AD1DB9CE9A0C92903C8B01C228C" author="Zakharenko, AV" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="763 - 768" title="Setchatokrylye (Neuroptera) fauny SSSR. II. Semeistva Dilaridae, Berothidae i Sisyridae" volume="67" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="83523628C6ED276306778DE0F3934A60" author="Zakharenko, AV" journalOrPublisher="Izvestiya Kharkovskogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva [= Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="34 - 83" title="Setchatokrylye (Neuroptera) evropeiskoi chasti byvshego SSSR" volume="1" year="1993">Zakharenko and Krivokhatsky 1993</bibRefCitation>
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; specimens examined in the course of this study are listed in Suppl. material 2).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="817E425D05766DEE122150CE3D9A26F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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The exact type locality of
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<taxonomicName id="EC6ACBF950122CDB13C2D6AB564192CC" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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remains unknown. In the middle of the 19th century the name Armenia was used also for regions in the east of Anatolia. Whether
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<taxonomicName id="C6753F8D81ACD343DC8831EE6BB9DAC2" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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occurs in Armenia of present time is not sure. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="6E3EC38224FFF2D3D73E957BE75939AD" author="Ghilarov, MS" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="402 - 416" title="The larva of Dilarturcicus Hag. and the position of the family Dilaridae in the order Planipennia." volume="41" year="1962">Ghilarov (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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described the larva of
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<taxonomicName id="A0FFE7CD7F8F38D1632A81E6D19ACD75" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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from the Caucasus region, not far away from the proven record of
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<taxonomicName id="02F24B2D4F0E7601986408D905DF147A" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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in the Crimean peninsula. Thus, one can hardly doubt that
|
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<taxonomicName id="270DAD4B9C685BE65A4D9F8834EC90FF" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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occurs in present day Armenia. There are also several published records of
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<taxonomicName id="39A71ACB0EB41A8FEBF62DCA5ADF3C5B" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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in Anatolia (
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<bibRefCitation id="B7BE96E459176E2182553EB72B4EF374" author="Kiyak, S" journalOrPublisher="Priamus" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="156 - 160" title="Ueber einige neuropterenarten von Soguksu National park (Kizilcahamam, Ankara)." volume="6" year="1993">
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Kiyak and
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<normalizedToken id="75B1FB4E09174CC2917247A179292D6C" originalValue="Özdikmen">Oezdikmen</normalizedToken>
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1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8D3A6D3AAD99A939919AA78DA974D190" author="Canbulat, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum (Entomology)" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" pagination="9 - 60" title="Contribution to the Fauna of Neuroptera (Insecta) of South-Western Anatolia." volume="13" year="2005">Canbulat and Kiyak 2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="79E27035DB46371A70257FE7E803BE01" author="Kovanci, OB" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="110 - 118" title="Contribution to the knowledge of Mantispoidea, Osmyloidea, and Myrmeleontidea with new records for the Neuroptera fauna of northwestern Turkey." url="10.3906/zoo-1401-45" volume="39" year="2015">O.B. Kovanci and B. Kovanci 2015</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C6121C0C4D7F766ED502CF26997D6B04" author="Canbulat, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" pagination="35 - 52" title="A checklist of Turkish Neuroptera with annotating on provincial distributions." volume="1552" year="2007">Canbulat 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). However, these records could not be checked by us and have therefore been included in the distribution map as
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<taxonomicName id="89C97E43DCE451524D523621E1AC5573" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dilar</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="483CDFBB3A8F6EEDF96D2DB65E453ABF" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="1F469BAE2181B0E880B4A6C7945AAD2B" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar corcyraeus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corcyraeus">Dilar corcyraeus</taxonomicName>
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has already been synonymised 35 years ago (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6B51AAD9966B045A5AB6A23A124F1FD3" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
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|
<normalizedToken id="85D94B563DCC2063381C8970A056426F" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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). It was described on the basis of a single female, which is deposited in the NHMW, Vienna. The type locality is the Greek island of Corfu, from where also
|
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<taxonomicName id="43324586267E472D551AA764E4F7156E" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2BCD96693EEE45C856EC482E214DE627" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="BF028C5ABE43BCF461C2874ED4BA3DA2" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
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et al. 1980
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="57DE4ED7C06C869822D7050A585ED933" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="619 - 671" title="Monografia de la familia de los Dilaridos (Ins. Neur.)." volume="7" year="1909">
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|
<normalizedToken id="AD7D6DCF8C3E845758D7863DB9B512D7" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
|
(1909)
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</bibRefCitation>
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himself had already considered that it might be a variety of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0F174BC5E56E628098DE3AA339DC7F71" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Here we provide a photograph of the type of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5E52A341D8D131997FF5DECC6A137A1A" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar corcyraeus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corcyraeus">Dilar corcyraeus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 9).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="C0CE87E2173A1063EEFD8630686E9E07" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="biology">
|
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<paragraph id="91D27605F207E4F4CF22B8047F53933F" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8E07D0495846203333374F919D746C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
The biology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F78AD7D2D560EE0E2A425B6B8996F88D" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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|
is poorly known, with only a few scattered observation records (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="962D001277BDE5AC1C16407338F67BB5" author="Ghilarov, MS" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="402 - 416" title="The larva of Dilarturcicus Hag. and the position of the family Dilaridae in the order Planipennia." volume="41" year="1962">Ghilarov 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E3CA8A963C1B5EDFD14E0E1F9F4BBFFD" author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" title="Die Neuropteren Europas. 2 vols." year="1980">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="625753C8D3101541F39F33540731CD6B" originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 1980
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="46AEC2B735A553CEAB2F0A7348CF5285" author="New, TR" journalOrPublisher="Neuroptera International (Supplemental Series)" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 57" title="A review of the biology of NeuropteraPlanipennia." volume="1" year="1986">New 1986</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Adults are usually found on shady places with rich low vegetation, bushes and trees, frequently near stone walls with numerous crevices where the larvae may pupate after their development in the soil. The number of larval instars is unknown, but up to 12 moults have been observed under experimental conditions (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8BBCF13A5FD53AE4B91D0328FD80A99D" author="New, TR" journalOrPublisher="Neuroptera International (Supplemental Series)" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 57" title="A review of the biology of NeuropteraPlanipennia." volume="1" year="1986">New 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, there is no indication that the number surmounts the three instars known from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1DA52B3BB17740D1C1532AD628D26EE4" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
under natural conditions. Duration of development from egg to adult is probably at least one year. Adults are mainly active after sunset and are attracted by artificial light.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F73AC34550B362ECBB0F8F76482802A0" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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|
has a considerably large vertical distribution, with records ranging from few meters up to 2100 m above sea level.
|
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</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="B7458F7CC99410E400EE86054B110D5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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|
<paragraph id="2BAFD270D4736D4C2A669F1F0E2A1E7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
Figures 1-4.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9008426AA8704481C6A89660CAC32A4E" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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Hagen, lectotype, male (MCZ, Cambridge). 1. Habitus, lateral view from left; 2. Habitus, lateral view from right; 3. Head, frontal view; 4. Labels.
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</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="A1375BBE18832FEDFB77ED6B5FE5C1AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<paragraph id="9FA88FFE10F559EC0E737C7B8815CEA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
Figures 5-7.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C03EDFD5407C5C51B32F9A18FD19D381" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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Hagen, lectotype, male (MCZ, Cambridge). 5. Genital segments, lateral view; 6. Genital segments, dorsal view; 7. Genital segments, ventral view.
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</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="5CF5B57FC782B31777F3B6074A8E0B05" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<paragraph id="41D1F192E9343CC41227ABB612DD7D37" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
Figure 8.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A45C9E0C10EF4B4DE34A49BC924ECB50" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
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Hagen, syntype [now paralectotype] male (MFN, Berlin). Fragments of wings and labels.
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</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="1DE7668CC973ACF4B34E275CD4E5D247" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
<paragraph id="542CE249E3AB2FD12804C97BD4ADD4E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
|
|
Figures 9-10.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="263FFF69D4B5C08FE812579EF79F2DBD" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar turcicus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">Dilar turcicus</taxonomicName>
|
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Hagen, holotype female of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="53BB3566F4E55F6EB42EE79777F4E9E1" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar corcyraeus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corcyraeus">Dilar corcyraeus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="672A18CEFD54C93B36CBEDF247AAB956" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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(NHMW, Vienna). 9. Habitus (The abdomen is preserved in a vial in glycerine), dorsal view; 10. Labels.
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |