145 lines
18 KiB
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145 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EBB4F4AE8843D14D91B52A8FC66F1536">What is a ‘ strong’ synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray’s type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42898997BD5B27CD7C2F15868C6C92A5">Gąsiorek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61A675EA31677310C7189A2BA7095955">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DAEC472CC3B0CD4A1E5F82C814542434">Blagden, Brian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="95A580105C6EE997B41B950C2DD474DE">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="545DEBDE665A55768878BB18FF31EAB9">Morek, Witold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8499DDBB859B32D49DD34FE044C2DFB">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB 10 1 SA, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="64043E67AF9A94E5C0402226B238FCE0">Michalczyk, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0139D4E4972332D258081ABC72E974F2">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="41343A878CB445D504E5B707B1230CE5">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0F181BEA63DFFB6AEF96DEAFAF68BC4" bold="true" box="[935,1364,433,459]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6A9496DEAFAF68BC4" ID-CoL="JG4" authority="Dastych, 1992" authorityName="Dastych" authorityYear="1992" box="[1047,1364,433,459]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diphasconinae">
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Diphasconinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6A9E26DEAFAF68BC4" author="Dastych H" box="[1212,1364,433,459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="125 - 39" refId="ref35602" refString="Dastych H. Paradiphascon manningi gen. n. sp. n., a new water-bear from South Africa, with the erecting of a new subfamily Diphasconinae (Tardigrada). Mitteilungen aus den Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, Hamburg 1992; 89: 125 - 39." type="journal article" year="1992">Dastych, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BB936D2A63DFFB6AE676D83FA6089A9" blockId="4.[825,1475,472,934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The phylogenetic position of
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6A92E6D83FA608BFF" authority="Dastych, 1984" authorityName="Dastych" authorityYear="1984" box="[1136,1474,472,496]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Diphascon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="greveni">
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6A92E6D83FA868BE0" box="[1136,1316,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diphascon greveni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6A8726D83FA608BFF" author="Dastych H" box="[1324,1474,472,496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="377 - 436" refId="ref35540" refString="Dastych H. The Tardigrada from Antarctica with descriptions of several new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 1984; 27: 377 - 436." type="journal article" year="1984">Dastych, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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among the
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6AEF56DACFBE18800" authorityName="Dastych" authorityYear="1992" box="[939,1091,503,527]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diphasconinae">Diphasconinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133D2A57A63DFFB6A90A6DACFB2E8800" box="[1108,1164,503,527]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,150,1684]" captionTargetId="graphics-78@5.[115,1181,156,1684]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships within Hypsibiidae in the Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses (identical topologies; the scale refers to the Bayesian tree and represents substitutions per position; posterior probability values are provided above the nodes, whereas bootstrap values can be found below the nodes; *, maximal support; #, no support).Calohypsibius ornatus constitutes an outgroup. Newly added species and populations are in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14243746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14243746/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) further undermines the diagnosis of this group, which had previously been challenged by the inclusion of taxa lacking a DABT (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6A9986E6DFCCF8862" author="Tumanov DV & Tsvetkova AY" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="50 - 74" refId="ref40208" refString="Tumanov DV, Tsvetkova AY. Some have drops and some do not, but can we rely on that? Re-investigation of Diphascon tenue (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) with discussion of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the superfamily Hypsibioidea. Zoosystematica Rossica 2023; 32: 50 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2023.32.1.50" type="journal article" year="2023">Tumanov and Tsvetkova 2023</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6AE246E0EFBC68862" author="Zawierucha K & Stec D & Dearden PK" box="[890,1124,597,621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref40518" refString="Zawierucha K, Stec D, Dearden PK et al. Two new tardigrade genera from New Zealand's Southern Alp glaciers display morphological stasis and parallel evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2023; 178: 107634. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107634" type="journal volume" year="2023">
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Zawierucha
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6AEA76E0DFB888862" box="[1017,1066,597,621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
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2023
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6A9256E0EFB408862" authorityName="Plate" authorityYear="1888" box="[1147,1250,597,621]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Diphascon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6A9256E0EFB408862" box="[1147,1250,597,621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diphascon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should group species with an apodeme according to its last broad diagnosis (Pilato 1987,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6AE276ECFFBE488A3" author="Bertolani R & Guidetti R & Marchioro T" box="[889,1094,660,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="110 - 26" refId="ref34993" refString="Bertolani R, Guidetti R, Marchioro T et al. Phylogeny of Eutardigrada: new molecular data and their morphological support lead to the identification of new evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2014; 76: 110 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.03.006" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Bertolani
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6AE836ECFFBAF88A3" box="[989,1037,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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), although its morphology is diversified among species currently classified within this genus (
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<figureCitation id="133D2A57A63DFFB6A8246EE8FA1088C4" box="[1402,1458,691,715]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1333,1357]" captionTargetBox="[131,1470,146,1304]" captionTargetId="figure-244@6.[129,1473,144,1306]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Various Diphasconinae, morphology of the DABT (SEM): A, Diphascon higginsi Binda, 1971 (dorsal view); B, Diphascon higginsi (lateral view); C, Diphascon pingue (Marcus, 1936) (lateral view); D, Diphascon pinguiforme Pilato & Binda, 1997/8 (dorsolateral view). Scale bars: 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14243748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14243748/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="54BD8870A63DFFB6AE396E88FC3788E4" box="[871,917,723,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6A9586E89FBCE88E5" authorityName="Plate" authorityYear="1888" box="[1030,1132,722,746]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Diphascon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6A9586E89FBCE88E5" box="[1030,1132,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diphascon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6A9296E89FA1F88E5" authority="Plate, 1888" authorityName="Plate" authorityYear="1888" box="[1143,1469,722,746]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Diphascon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="chilenense">
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6A9296E89FAE688E5" box="[1143,1348,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diphascon chilenense</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6A8156E89FA1F88E5" author="Plate L" box="[1355,1469,722,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="487 - 550" refId="ref39183" refString="Plate L. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbucher 1888; 3: 487 - 550." type="journal article" year="1888">Plate, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6A94F6EA9FB628906" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1041,1216,754,778]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Diphascon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="pingue">
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6A94F6EA9FB628906" box="[1041,1216,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diphascon pingue</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6A8486EA9FCD38926" author="Pilato G & Binda MG" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="181 - 5" refId="ref38708" refString="Pilato G, Binda MG. A comparison of Diphascon (D.) alpinum Murray, 1906, D. (D.) chilenense Plate, 1889 and D. (D.) pingue Marcus, 1936 (Tardigrada), and description of a new species. Zoologischer Anzeiger 1997 / 8; 236: 181 - 5." type="journal article" year="1997">Pilato and Binda 1997</bibRefCitation>
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/8, 1999) have a disparate pharyngeal apparatus (short, rodshaped, or granular macroplacoids;
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||
<figureCitation id="133D2A57A63DFFB6A9C16F6BFB748947" box="[1183,1238,816,840]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[113,178,925,949]" captionTargetBox="[119,756,145,895]" captionTargetId="figure-733@7.[118,758,144,897]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. The Diphascon pingue group, morphology of pharyngeal structures (SEM): A, Diphascon pingue; B, C, Diphascon pinguiforme. Scale bars: 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14243750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14243750/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) and claw morphology (minute claws with smooth bases and no bars) with respect to
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6AE676F2BFC358988" authorityName="Dastych" authorityYear="1984" box="[825,919,880,903]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Diphascon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="greveni">
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6AE676F2BFC358988" box="[825,919,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D. greveni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, thus highlighting the artificial nature of the current definition of
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D51A63DFFB6AEC76FD5FBD789A9" authority="Plate, 1888" authorityName="Plate" authorityYear="1888" box="[921,1141,910,934]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Diphascon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAC0A63DFFB6AEC76FD5FBA289A9" box="[921,1024,910,934]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diphascon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6A95B6FD5FBD789A9" author="Plate L" box="[1029,1141,910,934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="487 - 550" refId="ref39183" refString="Plate L. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbucher 1888; 3: 487 - 550." type="journal article" year="1888">Plate, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B23A63DFFB6A9DD6FD4FA1089A9" author="Tumanov DV & Tsvetkova AY" box="[1155,1458,910,934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="50 - 74" refId="ref40208" refString="Tumanov DV, Tsvetkova AY. Some have drops and some do not, but can we rely on that? Re-investigation of Diphascon tenue (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) with discussion of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the superfamily Hypsibioidea. Zoosystematica Rossica 2023; 32: 50 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2023.32.1.50" type="journal article" year="2023">Tumanov and Tsvetkova 2023</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |