treatments-xml/data/F6/C5/54/F6C554CB500552FC86C7F2889C7D0749.xml

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<mods:title id="103928476061B58AA374844EF3941BF5">Description of immature stages of Rhinusa species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2DA2AFF95F75B237B228CD789F4DBADD">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="47ECBD2DA1EEBBFEB328C3AA385DEC2F">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="12A4D87F486062392156C83A039B1BAC">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E4DCA71E62696CA1082A361B58C0620">Via Lorenteggio 37, 20146 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2DB99E2918579973545BF232DC2ADA76">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53197B9E8EBC9C89EC002C6437AFE8B7">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080 Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="949AAC7E11ADC43E3A010A5AED514DBC">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D80141E79E32613D1BF7AA937F638CBD">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="F6C554CB500552FC86C7F2889C7D0749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F6C554CB500552FC86C7F2889C7D0749" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6C554CB500552FC86C7F2889C7D0749" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="A5E922E3A327F81A037991184D84E4FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
7) 
<taxonomicName id="4D35F8E57F726A8D31AFFB450482AD93" LSID="F6C554CB-5005-52FC-86C7-F2889C7D0749" authority="Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
Rhinusa rara 
<normalizedToken id="0C9A536763E8FAC68FD36D979371269F" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
&amp; Caldara, 2015
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2B6AEEF4E4C73E95C3D1856BC00857A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A440847AF90D507A972D803E2BF343D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8CC45C362AB64A99BFDB0D891363E466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2 mature larvae, 
<date id="87C5E4D357A1A8593075BD463BD881E9" value="2014-04-26">26.04.2014</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="2D768AFC3F87318B670C24AE7802CBCE" count="1" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="B5A88E9E413EE35CE4CC734ACD843D43" count="3" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
pupae, 
<date id="4086E8C5BCE078B6D1CFFB4BA2381CEA" value="2014-05-10">10.05.2014</date>
; 8 mature larvae; 
<specimenCount id="55C2B10EDE91FEB2FD9A327D8C8EFF64" count="2" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="DFC3E79480BDBC64C87D70F30FE5A589" count="2" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
pupae, 
<date id="434FFA83152C04A2B1A91C24310C65A9" value="2014-05-12">12.05.2014</date>
, 
<materialsCitation id="AE5EFD3BFA58C720973E940C531D1CBC" collectingDate="2024-01-01" collectingDateMax="2024-12-31" collectingDateMin="2024-01-01" country="Serbia" determinerName="I. Tosevski." location="Stanicenje" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pirot">
ex 
<taxonomicName id="73FE0FD703343D1F25952A8F647EE892" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria dalmatica" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
<emphasis id="E350BD9B42164750B389B2EEB9903918" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Linaria dalmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="D2783DFB700466DC390A67A6135BAD1E" name="Serbia">Serbia</collectingCountry>
, 
<normalizedToken id="A6AB794ECBFF85A3C4DD848004957CC7" originalValue="Staničenje">
<location id="8782413DE9BD9DD1147EF5392ED26ED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F6C554CB500552FC86C7F2889C7D0749:8782413DE9BD9DD1147EF5392ED26ED5" country="Serbia" name="Stanicenje" stateProvince="Pirot">Stanicenje</location>
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, 
<collectingRegion id="D3A99D0E8544647AF87589B10C6831BC" country="Serbia" name="Pirot">Pirot</collectingRegion>
, leg., det. 
<determinerName id="AE91C092615E347419DDDDB9AA78FDF1">
I. 
<normalizedToken id="5455E989AA3B73388847DF571A326DCD" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
.
</determinerName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D6F3D672FF7931966AAB51913EF6608A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF35EEE2560D0CA99A926A700B99C2D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C7A6365787F02684746EFD2763C9162B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="3DA06169D0394DE97B8B0C91A43698BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="75ABFFD28344D102CA21F31F28A639C9" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="85A4BAA13DBECF55C4B1C4F408C3A3CE" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32A-E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9914ED5CED4DEFF62470F868DA6A4CDA" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Rhinusa rara Tosevski, Caldara, 2015 mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001261" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33A-C</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="C2B90816BC7D5548F36D522E33D45A93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 3.00-4.25 (avg. 3.60). The widest place in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 1.25. Head width: 0.55-0.60 (avg. 0.56).
</paragraph>
<caption id="31B792F1ED81754E2604FD20D7AA9E17" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 31" startId="F31">
<paragraph id="B7AB18DAB6DFB202F279C683E70E958C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0FBAEAD8FF231E27F46C69DDDA9312AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0B2A8D867F512FCE0FD01C23C1AE752D" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
<emphasis id="8C2DE5FB2AE8E85B5571783447605E86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa rara</emphasis>
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&amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva 
<emphasis id="B2151E9213DBADE5C49F67D1408D29FA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habitus 
<emphasis id="02FA0A3C5E6DCF47180F809820E1F1B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
head, frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B1F97487E26139C0EAC371B2A1AA913A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
<paragraph id="E3C48157C98B13B86347F6DC77EE8642" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="20DD5D92736743E66DBF46105FCAFF25" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0A713C34C5F24CCFF782809E174ACF3F" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
<emphasis id="5A226061F0FEB2D92E1F185C84A8CBC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa rara</emphasis>
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&amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts 
<emphasis id="CC7A1BEAC9EEA7602A27BC81A87324C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
head 
<emphasis id="26DB67D8DA7D3FC3997A19567D75CD4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
antenna 
<emphasis id="C86F7742217ACB5D3F7366971C725A4E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) 
<emphasis id="919A47F00595C63BA87631AAA4105918" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
left mandible 
<emphasis id="444549F22A714A07C6C8585C53EAE0B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: 
<emphasis id="9B64D918B3913CDCB142A8DB07FD7968" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
-anterolateral, 
<emphasis id="C010A807A9D09280037919C1A17C6B58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
-anteromedial, 
<emphasis id="DD4BB0EEBB190F6A58131D7425753837" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
-clypeal, 
<emphasis id="DCC8F0431731C72CF350083D58BC3157" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des</emphasis>
-dorsal epicranial, 
<emphasis id="8862A60CDFD76236B8F73CD747EED271" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
-dorsal malar, 
<emphasis id="64FD1A837D8E1100F622D7557995C736" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs</emphasis>
-frontal epicranial, 
<emphasis id="9D08EB3A2DCEF5065CA1DAA77FBA483C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les</emphasis>
-lateral epicranial, 
<emphasis id="39E9B5F24A74B240CAFC791F3D62CA11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
-ligular, 
<emphasis id="BCF78EDC1DAACDE02136ECAF7BDACF5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
-labral, 
<emphasis id="E1D20FF590A9799B6FE477D35ABA0D7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
-malar basiventral, 
<emphasis id="F53BF7A6A7006CB8443D9452BD07F8D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
-mandibular dorsal, 
<emphasis id="B4C33CEA834976ABB12C095714EF3D04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
-maxillary palp, 
<emphasis id="1CEB3797A5818902FA989E7CD6E89A84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
-postepicranial, 
<emphasis id="E492FB9B2E5410DA755A65D46C442256" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
-palpiferal, 
<emphasis id="A5C24E3336289A2D439B2313B481CE0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
-postmental, 
<emphasis id="DD44AC82B1B2E1AD12A12A4C03D50108" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
-premental, 
<emphasis id="FB87B305F155ABFBE42D2CF814D795D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
-stipital, 
<emphasis id="BABDD5C783AAF36E3AF8D0379233B906" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
-ventral malar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D0C8ED0C7FCC45404BB58324F1B4A0AA" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001261" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
<paragraph id="CF48C16126DD3FBFB704937FB4C8F90F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EB6FDE7281103B84BEF36E74DB10A81E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DA07281B3B52810A84BCD9E3B8C79E6" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
<emphasis id="826F5FF2C754B5920DCBDD5825774769" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa rara</emphasis>
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, Caldara, 2015 mature larva, habitus 
<emphasis id="F074D9CB7E3C5B70212F5F3A993BE275" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
lateral view of thoracic segments 
<emphasis id="071E570B763708B3D9CDDD553A0F4A43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segment I 
<emphasis id="2BF883A00812D5F0CC789D089E6A38AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1-3-number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1-10-number of abdominal seg, setae: 
<emphasis id="98908D220F048EC0AD9A9E46077513EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
-dorsal, 
<emphasis id="2B67A74A5D2A2A7FC18B88C18D2E83C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
-epipleural, 
<emphasis id="10F0CEE913C05DCAD6665BDC66B4113D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
-pedal, 
<emphasis id="42E1355FA181D69698E37F66B2738DD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
-postdorsal, 
<emphasis id="6C806812E873DDDEE272AFA9E80788CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
-pronotal, 
<emphasis id="3BCA67C5477CD3EA6C0A23DFCCCE37FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
-prodorsal, 
<emphasis id="887ECBD0A771BEA6866C7A311B84E012" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
-spiracular, 
<emphasis id="0376BDA13679EBA215D968B20E6AF53B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
-pleural, 
<emphasis id="51DC10FF300879A7145EEF0BA2C3E4E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
-sternal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="911FFDFDEAC577EC4B54C8CABBB0B682" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="41BC098F69132B6EC9AD2C8641BD77EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="80357A36D41AF4F0DA167842FB9DB81B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">General</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body elongate, slender, distinctly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="44D14E359C8C4497E13247D423E32950" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31A</figureCitation>
). All thoracic segments almost equal in size. Meso- and metathorax each divided dorsally into two folds (prodorsal fold distinctly smaller than postdorsal fold). Pedal folds of thoracic segments isolated, conical, prominent. Abdominal segments I-VI of similar size, next segments tapering towards posterior body end. Abdominal segments I-VII each divided dorsally into two folds: prodorsal fold slightly smaller than postdorsal, which form conical, prominent protuberances apically. Segments VIII and IX dorsally undivided. Epipleural folds of segments I-VIII conical. Laterosternal and eusternal folds of segments I-VIII conical, weakly isolated. Abdominal segment X (almost completely hidden in previous segment) divided into four folds of equal size. Anus situated ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C030933777D0237994D962AAECDE1C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
All spiracles unicameral; thoracic spiracles (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6A88D75F1108D3BF9662F6B6CA5B9899" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31A</figureCitation>
) placed laterally close to mesothorax; abdominal spiracles (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D9A37456199EB561DA50A85D6241AA83" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31A</figureCitation>
) placed medio-laterally on segments I-VIII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F907FC7046326953868D3FAF5884A890" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7D4A4F3BF6A85F5365C7EA4EB2CBB0EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C304F2397930D64C1D2FD9B7339FD861" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colouration</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Light yellow to yellow head, medial parts of epicranium less sclerotised (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="67E773344C8024BD526837E5B63D7947" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31B</figureCitation>
). All thoracic and abdominal segments white (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DC7121B9560346C7F85624792AB052D6" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31A</figureCitation>
). Cuticle covered with asperities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA15978BBC810B0342439D5A3F440235" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0AF1F024FAD67983721BE20B9B9B84B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B964BF8EC9A65A97D3ABD51110F420FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vestiture</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Setae on body thin, yellowish, different in length (very short or medium).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F30D12DB2451549BC311B344A654B44" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="64F07750782777A452A83C7F5714D692" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head capsule</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="E6531841538E922FF8080916F80E0E11" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="50695FD627E7C4BE0A008FFB43A2462F" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32A</figureCitation>
). Head wide, endocarinal line present, reaching to 2/3 length of frons. Frontal sutures on head very wide, indistinct. Single pair of stemmata in the form of small black spots (st) laterally to the end of the frontal suture. 
<emphasis id="6BE88E7C6040CE9042FCC62995A2761C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Des1</emphasis>
short; 
<emphasis id="6949A58E8B4E2511E0328C1A4957703D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des2</emphasis>
short, located in lateral part of epicranium; long 
<emphasis id="B95E57DDBD76C7533A4D64E1514265AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des3</emphasis>
located anteriorly on epicranium on border of the frontal suture; 
<emphasis id="E0206A7C90ED93B7B15486F161703063" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des4</emphasis>
absent; and 
<emphasis id="3BA8B5DDFCAC897FA2216730A928FD9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des5</emphasis>
long, located anterolaterally above stemma (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="BB717A4F6CFF1C95C9235098472B4318" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="2D374B3173856C3F735DEEC50320F7D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fs1</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="560F2C7577D3DF9943EE4E33DDEB9F60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs2</emphasis>
absent; 
<emphasis id="87929E2C0D2564ED218DB90EBA00D50B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs3</emphasis>
minute, located medially; 
<emphasis id="C2383A4AF4BF536014B003D2B3F3AA4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs4</emphasis>
long, located anteriorly; and long 
<emphasis id="BF3738E35FF7B8847C6E512FC2DD5A51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs5</emphasis>
located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6D87A777B801ADB7053910CFDF4E8A9F" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="86DA601E0CF22B773A03010D3EEB8F0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Les1</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="E2B7D5A6509FB3005D7547B629EDED98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les2</emphasis>
medium. Epicranial area with a single 
<emphasis id="16F399FEAD4710E676414A538F1AACCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6411C6D9B2D6D7E1EBECAAEC1FBCDD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B69F7D79D38CDA40B54FF07CBE5DB183" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennae</emphasis>
placed distally of the frontal suture, on the inside; membranous and distinctly convex basal article bearing one conical elongate sensorium, plus five sensilla styloconica (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="82D88387E557083E355CDCE557B185B5" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A405546F3C7738C99A51D8D2F87F439" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B102D324D24A9E519D0165E0FCC8E6FC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clypeus and labrum</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C9C6410BED9A79605344C1C8527B885F" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32C</figureCitation>
) completely fused, trapezoidal, 2.7 
<normalizedToken id="9907D7A818E162B2F93051E4CA8DBC3F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as long, with two minute 
<emphasis id="68A53FC7B465ADDD9D2886EB82C3CCB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
, localised posterolaterally; three piliform 
<emphasis id="9948FC3A6F072AFD0E23AF2317E11940" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
, various long; 
<emphasis id="EB80EA312694ACEADFA3089148684814" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs1</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="D1AAA037604339F664B99ABE7D2023EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs2</emphasis>
medium, located anteromedially, and 
<emphasis id="158E5961842C10E4721676FDF8C5473F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs3</emphasis>
short, located laterally; anterior border almost straight. Epipharynx (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9CEBA61BFBD5E94471F7CCCE0EF1F4D2" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32C</figureCitation>
) with two finger-like 
<emphasis id="77A5250FA142423D65DD5A6F23A6CA45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
, variable in length and two 
<emphasis id="9B136D63C269E66AD4ED661CCBDBFB5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
variable in length; labral rods (lr) indistinct, rounded; anterior border sinuate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FEEC6BFCD0383DB2CB43C89F2EF31B09" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="09B9557FCB9B802F9BAD3630381A5570" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5BE9F73AA61F5F990A8ADECB3DD36475" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mouth parts</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Mandibles (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="11D6A12B173146C2E5BFB37D8545768C" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32D</figureCitation>
) bifid, cutting edge with additional protuberance; two medium piliform 
<emphasis id="865F1BD0DA0AE116D30A1A476E0DB5CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
, both located close to lateral border. Maxillolabial complex: maxilla more sclerotised than labium (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="78F01C87E3C9363A4B239E9922A11B94" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32E</figureCitation>
) stipes with one 
<emphasis id="3B06738EE457482C4D6338926090C328" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
, two 
<emphasis id="329DBEFA4FFECC8554F519724B25FC35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
and one very short 
<emphasis id="9010C63342EE4BC07DC287F44239F40C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="8F51C1CFCAFEABB094983B89663CEAF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
and both 
<emphasis id="FD8ABBD08772EC72033DD196C9C6912C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs1-2</emphasis>
relatively short; mala with four piliform 
<emphasis id="0588E4A21995A99B26796C34503154F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
variable in length; two short piliform 
<emphasis id="7689316D9466C364A13C4625E007224E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
. Maxillary palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider and slightly longer than distal one; basal palpomere with short 
<emphasis id="D240D883F4B06E0FAD6A0BE0DF57521A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
and single sensillum, distal palpomere with a group of four or five apical sensilla in terminal receptive area. Prementum (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="703348FDAE47C7DD400015FCE7334D55" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32E</figureCitation>
) close to oval-shaped, with one short 
<emphasis id="EDC70AEA864B0033138D35593ADFB742" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with slightly sinuate margin and three minute 
<emphasis id="F3938D8845980CD851379DC7D683C769" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
; premental sclerite sclerotised U-shaped. Labial palpi one-segmented; each palp with a single pore, and a group of three or four apical sensilla (ampullacea) on terminal receptive area; surface of labium smooth. Postmentum (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="11DD496A49DBE46C9DD1A014D864DAB8" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, st-sensillum styloconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32E</figureCitation>
) with only two 
<emphasis id="1749C4A19EE33772C5A550B59EF12948" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
, medium 
<emphasis id="CE2EF724152AAB9E1F0AEC81352CFC85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms1</emphasis>
located medially and short 
<emphasis id="7E0B4622BDB2AF3B00E2C9288E38B7BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms2</emphasis>
located laterally, 
<emphasis id="E81ACD024EA614D15796E35EA01D8355" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms3</emphasis>
absent; membranous area smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6F8F3233771C96F782DA8EAA5007133" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="82D65DB896222238CE99710CA9657F02" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9CC22542D3567012E95031E9153FF178" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Only pronotal and single pedal setae elongated, rest of thoracic minute, feebly visible. Prothorax (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CCDDD6886510C2A2B1CE65F00CD621BF" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Rhinusa rara Tosevski, Caldara, 2015 mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001261" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33A</figureCitation>
) with four 
<emphasis id="10A92F1D1C2705ED569BC0715DD2FC97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
and two 
<emphasis id="2FB5B5C06B2CF04788EA44CC2BF520EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
. Mesothorax (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="AE4F47274907887134F38FF2B846C1DD" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Rhinusa rara Tosevski, Caldara, 2015 mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001261" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33A</figureCitation>
) with one 
<emphasis id="3F0F7010AC9A6600C995A8286CC12E89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
, three 
<emphasis id="555BF5A9222D307F78F0733FCDD42805" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
; three 
<emphasis id="E4333D91A67A4BDC98F307B4122AFC5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
; one 
<emphasis id="A5F15F1BC690131370186960E89AB37F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
and one 
<emphasis id="82C18798FEEF7C2547C8E6BB633D7996" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CD0103B5778B82D5932437D815F8D7E4" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Rhinusa rara Tosevski, Caldara, 2015 mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001261" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33A</figureCitation>
) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with three minute and one elongated 
<emphasis id="13CCB050859C41B85627B48C36033C56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D65CD46CF6E3387BE60737BEF34C587" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="74402D138990B0CE0BBDE7F1331B4793" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="32D88455080E60607D1EA0C3FD3F0430" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
All abdominal setae minute, feebly visible. Segments I-VIII (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="63A42C87C9ACFB29F1AD1EA466F99ED5" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Rhinusa rara Tosevski, Caldara, 2015 mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001261" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33B, C</figureCitation>
) with one 
<emphasis id="1BC0057E363B7648553854A6ECBF6BF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
; three 
<emphasis id="F02E4183847C6098BAFF49CEF5EB587E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
; one 
<emphasis id="46C5D0179F3802F33FB17EFA07414D3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
; one 
<emphasis id="4D25CBB46C7B9CF168A1308407C51FBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
; one 
<emphasis id="7149C71A8D19E9E8BB584751A6A6D8DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
and one 
<emphasis id="50A0170685DCF462B606D14A40475725" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lsts</emphasis>
. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="13A93D51472320642695256097BC1974" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Rhinusa rara Tosevski, Caldara, 2015 mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001261" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33C</figureCitation>
) with a single 
<emphasis id="15936AD932B63F281B4A6B9D59324CE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
, single 
<emphasis id="8856A5C51318712A4D371DEAA1190EBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
, and single 
<emphasis id="7F3581EBF2AE95B1F1F63A7EB31A31AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AC181756473092E57624D2DA31ABC24" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="9AB024149B127E1989522900F1E0C31C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB20634D9EA4CE29868927D2061E3B95" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="1C32DABF0C6ABC11375009DCF9EBDB07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="13FE23640F37C0146D851B666BFA2532" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001262" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34A-C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="744BF92AAA772428B3051B0BE3105424" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l - lateral, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001263" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35A-C</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="BEA49A7904EFE67A90B7774ED994DD60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 3.35-3.85 (avg. 3.75); body width: 1.60-2.10 (avg. 1.75); thorax width: 1.05-1.30 (avg. 1.20); rostrum length: up to 1.50 for both sexes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="335B7EBE28DC8AC39B43C74ACDBE99E6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001262" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
<paragraph id="3A9C71671BB0137845B7DE5DB62AF588" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EAE12F2115296CB59F86901D0A7055B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="314DF12A37F43BA55C9FC4B1D775E657" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
<emphasis id="72783AD97E59C04B965C0875FA402F2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa rara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="CF3640EF1E149FC2E1AE06994BFDC945" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
&amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus 
<emphasis id="E5A5559787DAB8875BBA49286FD75F68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
ventral view 
<emphasis id="011835C92C22E087A9100B78E0E4D1F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
lateral view 
<emphasis id="03D202E3CBAD738B618E3DEF5F79F9C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E086BB49C16C71F79C388201860B0F2F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001263" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
<paragraph id="DEED1E55BC4EC7EE281D200096498E56" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="CFD8118DF84BAB9A185C186C9B5601CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B22297EA56903E2DB2C5C9D50A5009C5" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rara">
<emphasis id="3F53169221AB1F41BF897A5F96D21730" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa rara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="60C5FC2E09738DB130D0EFE86497456D" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
&amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus 
<emphasis id="437CB716D6FF6A3CA4EB2BBEE5E75544" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
ventral view 
<emphasis id="8E088131E511D2D1ECD1E11DB2363B8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
dorsal view 
<emphasis id="CB6DD0F8153BBAC0E3C2E0D45421A97E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: 
<emphasis id="3089E3C57793E55E8995958DCC4B4BED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
-apical, 
<emphasis id="2FD46C9FDB89ED3653BBA828C8F3B286" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
-dorsal, 
<emphasis id="C07DFFEAA959CC58EC0A0BA85B984958" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
-femoral, 
<emphasis id="4957D9A7C63573384499DC22209E8ABF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">l</emphasis>
-lateral, 
<emphasis id="415F741E5989F5451623D1886BF900E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
-posterolateral, 
<emphasis id="390B8D08ED01D4A153AE739EA5309466" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">v</emphasis>
-ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="88AA277F2C460089FB6EF0743C3A13E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5174D1527C912C65F21B731F8800D682" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D82AF288BF813F90433F1CB16E94D960" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Integument white, moderately elongated, curved. Head protuberances (h-pr) above eyes present. Rostrum rather short, in male usually only slightly shorter than in female almost 2.5 
<normalizedToken id="0CA8E5FEACD9071ECFC2421CFA49940D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum trapezoidal 2 
<normalizedToken id="E882F7DDAB72BDB19B0BA1BBAF9A2047" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as long. Pronotal protuberances (p-pr) absent. Meso- and metanotum similar in size. Abdominal segments I-VI almost identical in size; segment VII semicircular; segment VIII narrow; segment IX reduced. Urogomphi (ur) short, ending with sclerotised, sharp apexes (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="81583628D7DEC04536224D81EE5EBF02" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001262" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E0972B91F23A4652246AC15C7ED1A4F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5D6B1800268C3469E4891D34C670DAF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E98C900CC33C3144E793F146532824B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Well developed, setae short to elongated, short setae transparent, elongated brown. Head and rostrum without seta (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="25CBD92975411BE4DF18DEFAD94E55EA" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l - lateral, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001263" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with three 
<emphasis id="1BCB43908C4380A8DD1485CFFCCEC64C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
, and three 
<emphasis id="644FA511CCE4E70F65231729CF4A5176" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
almost equally in length. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae of similar length, placed medially. Apex of femora with a single long 
<emphasis id="2AD5DDA49E9EAA43D372F4D0FD3D551A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="00AED6D5E5DD70DBD32E8A701B6C65DC" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l - lateral, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001263" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35A-C</figureCitation>
). Abdominal segments I-VI with four short setae dorsally, all placed close to posterior margin. Abdominal segment VII with three elongated setae dorsally. Abdominal segment VIII with two elongated setae dorsally. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VII with a single short seta. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with two short setae. Abdominal segment IX with two short setae ventrally (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DAE0BF4B8644C2725B68A67CA52741B8" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Rhinusa rara Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2015 pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l - lateral, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001263" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7775C0F5C3FABF0CEA2F322032BDCD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="201429577857DDAC668CD4526229443B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0DDACEC89E630C50A98DBFF374A778E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is very restricted in its distribution and scarce. It is known only from calcareous regions in Serbia (
<normalizedToken id="FD628D7E4E47D384E3E95847EBB28E50" originalValue="Sićevo">Sicevo</normalizedToken>
Gorge between the towns of 
<normalizedToken id="DA968AC4D808B79AA0F77C6CC3D36AEA" originalValue="Niš">Nis</normalizedToken>
and Pirot), Hungary (Balaton), southern Slovakia (
<normalizedToken id="DE5452E4F23DA53E2D5D353499019516" originalValue="Šturovo">Sturovo</normalizedToken>
), southern Czechia (Znojmo), Austria (Wien) and southern Russia (
<bibRefCitation id="D423CC80B2220B600D7C3A0810234A18" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="268 - 287" refId="B57" refString="Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Jovic, J, Hernandez-Vera, G, Baviera, C, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2015. Hostassociated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: An integrative approach. Systematic Entomology 40 (1): 268 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109" title="Hostassociated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: An integrative approach." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109" volume="40" year="2015">
<normalizedToken id="8CEE418E2952807362FBC43F0BF05C41" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). It differs from the other European species of the 
<taxonomicName id="3F37CC40CD890B3C8AAD217FA355E0A9" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="745932826B95AD9112B5098AB2FAD0A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in its evenly curved rostrum in lateral view in both sexes (vs. abruptly narrowed and bent along the dorsal margin), almost flat pronotum and elytra (vs. moderately convex), and integument of adults covered with recumbent hair-like scales (vs. suberect hair-like scales).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="868BF6D313CAA31089449BA2F3ABFACD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="A822E9AAF87891B29375B0E81588C46A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3280710224F54FE3FB0B7BE1AE7ADE4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The biology of 
<taxonomicName id="5BD907C14B2F39A867EBF37228AF5D98" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rara">
<emphasis id="416F20709300EDC3B2318D418F616F75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. rara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="04A50DEF6CBC7605C6779DB8132F10AF" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="41E8B87E04442896D99E2042CAD6EE7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The adults become active in the field very early, often in mid-February. The adults are hidden inside the rosette of the host plant, 
<taxonomicName id="8A3C44F928ABD03A085C38E163E6ED80" lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis id="F9A8E6CC413E560A91D5AD2C79E8AF92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="5173C6A7A0C64773D3315DF5D1C362FA" lsidName="L. dalmatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
<emphasis id="6B70F55B984B12177BE891D9533EB4EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. dalmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The females oviposit at the base of young, growing shoots. Induced galls are usually large, partly hidden below the soil surface. Usually, ~ 10 eggs are laid per shoot, but some shoots can be used for 20 or more ovipositions. The biology of 
<taxonomicName id="6F5AC6A808AA159AAD5B86F0E73B394B" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. rara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rara">
<emphasis id="DC4D328601C1DFCC4B5F7B45DE8D3CE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. rara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described in detail by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F358D97F61D15394178F93D436049DE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="268 - 287" refId="B57" refString="Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Jovic, J, Hernandez-Vera, G, Baviera, C, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2015. Hostassociated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: An integrative approach. Systematic Entomology 40 (1): 268 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109" title="Hostassociated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: An integrative approach." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12109" volume="40" year="2015">
<normalizedToken id="D0C3DF23F0152BDE3150CF3660819362" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E146F67572A7573E68DA6B820535824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="rhinusa herbarum group">
<paragraph id="EC4EE3C5FBF2B6286C7E6D777F64AC46" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="959CE45AA12D6046CD5BD31544DF5365" baseAuthorityName="H. Brisout de Barneville" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa herbarum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbarum">
<emphasis id="9DE53A33B4D4D3CBD0514135499C7CFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa herbarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E626886104F19C899B8F3BF893550E5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D51081AAF23A64A0D15B9D55EA9EA021" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
Rostrum in lateral view straight; elytra rectangular and only slightly wider than pronotum; third tarsomere weakly bilobed and slightly wider than second tarsomere; femora unarmed; body of penis short and in lateral view with sides distinctly widening in apical part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>