470 lines
44 KiB
XML
470 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587864" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107709" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587864" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica helvetica Seifert 2021, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" updateTime="1643400519489" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>179</mods:end>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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<subSubSection box="[151,509,1150,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,509,1150,1178]" box="[151,509,1150,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,509,1150,1178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,509,1150,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,428,1150,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,428,1150,1178]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[436,509,1152,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" box="[151,659,1201,1223]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,385,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris-A2">
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<emphasis box="[151,345,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
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-A2
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="BERNASCONI" box="[400,652,1201,1223]" etAl="& al." firstAuthor="BERNASCONI" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="37 - 47" part="14" refId="ref44774" refString="BERNASCONI, C., CHERIX, D., SEIFERT, B. & PAMILO, P. 2011: Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps? - Myrmecological News 14: 37 - 47." title="Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps?" type="journal article" year="2011">BERNASCONI & al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" box="[151,637,1233,1255]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,468,1233,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubrisMorphA2">
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<emphasis box="[151,345,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
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, morph A2
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[482,630,1233,1255]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT 2018</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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Etymology. Referring to Helvetia, the Latin name of
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<collectingCountry box="[178,313,1297,1319]" name="Switzerland" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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<collectionCode box="[189,255,1329,1350]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Type</collectionCode>
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material.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387574303" collectedFrom="Pinus forest" collectingDate="2005-05-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Bernasconi" elevation="1767" latitude="46.7218" location="Scuol" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="10.2988" municipality="Scuol" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="MIN7" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[417,518,1329,1351]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[525,601,1329,1351]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
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plus
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<specimenCount box="[660,706,1329,1351]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">four</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus pageId="33" pageNumber="166">paratype</typeStatus>
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workers labelled “SWI:
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<geoCoordinate box="[449,570,1361,1383]" degrees="46.7218" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" precision="5" value="46.7218">46.7218° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[578,698,1361,1382]" degrees="10.2988" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" precision="5" value="10.2988">10.2988° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[706,767,1361,1383]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Scuol</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectedFrom box="[151,281,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Pinus forest</collectedFrom>
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,
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<quantity box="[289,363,1393,1415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.767" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="1767.0">
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<elevation box="[289,363,1393,1415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.767" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="1767.0">1767m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, polydomous,
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<collectorName box="[516,638,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Bernasconi</collectorName>
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<date box="[642,765,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" value="2005-05-13">
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<collectingDate box="[642,765,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" value="2005-05-13">2005.05.13</collectingDate>
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</date>
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-
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<specimenCode box="[151,222,1425,1446]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN7</specimenCode>
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”;
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387574306" collectedFrom="Pinus forest" collectingDate="2005-05-13" collectionCode="SMN" collectorName="C. Bernasconi" elevation="1767" latitude="46.7218" location="Scuol" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="10.2988" municipality="Scuol" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="MIN8, MIN11, MIN13, MIN15, MIN17, MIN18, MIN20, MIN35, MIN36" specimenCount="77" specimenCount-queen="30" specimenCount-worker="47" typeStatus="paratype">
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another nine nest samples from the same supercolony with
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<specimenCount box="[333,360,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">47</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus box="[369,471,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">paratype</typeStatus>
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workers and
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<specimenCount box="[631,659,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="queen">30</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus box="[669,771,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">paratype</typeStatus>
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gynes collected by
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<collectorName box="[351,501,1489,1511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">C. Bernasconi</collectorName>
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in the years
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<collectingDate box="[634,690,1489,1511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">2005</collectingDate>
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- 2008, sample numbers
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<specimenCode box="[338,406,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN8</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[416,496,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN11</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[507,587,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN13</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[598,679,1520,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN15</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[689,767,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN17</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[151,234,1553,1574]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN18</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[247,331,1553,1574]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN20</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[343,427,1552,1574]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN35</specimenCode>
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, and
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<specimenCode box="[490,574,1553,1575]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN36</specimenCode>
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; depository
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<collectionCode box="[714,770,1553,1574]" collectionName="SMN" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">SMN</collectionCode>
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Görlitz.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in nine nest samples with
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<specimenCount box="[650,771,1649,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">30 workers</specimenCount>
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and 28 gynes. All originated from the supercolony of the
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<typeStatus box="[151,200,1713,1734]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
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locality. For details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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Geographic range. Only known from the
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<typeStatus box="[722,771,1745,1766]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
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locality in
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38:785D603B5E176160FEC5DCB0FE341E39" box="[268,421,1777,1799]" municipality="Eastern Swiss Alps" name="Minger Valley" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Mingèr Valley</location>
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in the
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<collectingMunicipality box="[497,708,1777,1799]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Eastern Swiss Alps</collectingMunicipality>
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at altitudes between 1700 and
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<quantity box="[438,520,1809,1830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="2000.0">
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<elevation box="[438,520,1809,1830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" lastBlockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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Diagnosis of worker (
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<tableCitation box="[535,624,1841,1863]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[654,766,1841,1863]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Figs. 16</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[215,246,1873,1894]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">17</figureCitation>
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). Small, as it is expected for a supercolonial social phenot ype, mean and maximum
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<collectionCode box="[539,569,1905,1926]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
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1663 and
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<quantity box="[673,768,1905,1927]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.966" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="1966.0">1966µm</quantity>
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. Scape as short as but on average less thickset than in Alpine
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<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[206,442,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
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<emphasis box="[206,401,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
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, SL
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<collectionCode box="[468,497,1969,1990]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
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<subScript attach="left" box="[498,536,1978,1992]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
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0.904,
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<collectionCode box="[618,646,1969,1990]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
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/ Smax
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<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,1978,1992]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
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9.47. Petiole width and setae number as in Alpine
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<emphasis box="[687,860,177,2022]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugu- bris</emphasis>
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but setae length on average larger, EyeHL
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1319,1357,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
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<quantity box="[1363,1430,177,198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="37.0">37µm</quantity>
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, OccHL
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<subScript attach="left" box="[891,928,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
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<quantity box="[932,1011,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="132.0">132µm</quantity>
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, mPnHL
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1105,1142,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
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<quantity box="[1147,1226,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="111.0">111µm</quantity>
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, MetHL
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1310,1347,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
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<quantity box="[1351,1433,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 µm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
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Diagnosis of gyne (
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<tableCitation box="[1167,1256,241,263]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="17.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,261,1991]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@17.[151,1436,249,2017]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Tab.7: Gynes of species with richer pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E276150FF5EDAF0FEEE19D9" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Tab. 7</tableCitation>
|
|
). Size slightly smaller than in Alpine
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1063,1256,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1063,1256,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, mean and maximum
|
|
<collectionCode box="[887,917,305,326]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
|
|
2126 and
|
|
<quantity box="[1029,1126,305,326]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.278" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="2278.0">2278 µm</quantity>
|
|
. Head short,
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1270,1301,305,326]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
|
|
/ CW 0.999. Scape on average longer and less thickset than in morph A3 of Alpine
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[921,1040,369,390]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[921,1040,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, SL /
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1103,1133,369,390]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
|
|
0.797,
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1209,1237,369,390]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
|
/ Smax 8.41. Eyes always with rather long setae, EyeHL
|
|
<quantity box="[1220,1290,401,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="44.0">44µm</quantity>
|
|
. Dorsal plane of scape usually without or very few setae, nSc 0.4. Posterior margin of head always with setae, these on average longer than in morph A3 of Alpine
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1195,1314,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1195,1314,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, nCH 18.5, OccHL
|
|
<quantity box="[897,979,529,550]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="179.0">179µm</quantity>
|
|
. Setae number comparable with morph A1 and A3 of Alpine
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1001,1120,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1001,1120,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but seta length larger than in morph A3, nGu 17.2, GuHL
|
|
<quantity box="[1110,1191,593,614]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="303.0">303µm</quantity>
|
|
, PnHL
|
|
<quantity box="[1269,1350,593,615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="236.0">236µm</quantity>
|
|
, MetHL
|
|
<quantity box="[816,898,625,646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="287.0">287µm</quantity>
|
|
, nPe 13.7. Dorsal surface of gaster appears at lower magnification more or less shiny. Dorsum of first gaster tergite usually with weak transverse microripples and with foveolae and pubescence being on average more densely packed than in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[980,1126,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
|
<emphasis box="[980,1126,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1159,1365,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1159,1365,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, FodG
|
|
<quantity box="[816,905,785,807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="26.1">26.1 µm</quantity>
|
|
, sqPDG
|
|
<quantity box="[996,1087,785,806]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="4.84">4.84 µm</quantity>
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|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
|
Taxonomic comments and clustering results.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[939,1138,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[939,1138,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1144,1196,849,870]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
is the first ant species I describe as new without having a sufficiently clear mor- phological diagnosis. This decision is certainly a risk, considering the patchwork situation in Alpine
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
populations. However, this taxonomic act is intended as a constructive, positively provocative hypothesis for future ant students to re-investigate the case with more advanced methods. The recognition as species here is largely based on an apparently clear clustering by nuclear DNA and moderate support by gyne morphology.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="BERNASCONI" box="[816,1098,1169,1191]" etAl="& al." firstAuthor="BERNASCONI" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="37 - 47" part="14" refId="ref44774" refString="BERNASCONI, C., CHERIX, D., SEIFERT, B. & PAMILO, P. 2011: Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps? - Myrmecological News 14: 37 - 47." title="Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps?" type="journal article" year="2011">BERNASCONI & al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
investigated nine microsatellite markers in seven
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1053,1202,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1053,1202,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group species in and around the Swiss National Park in East
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1240,1374,1233,1255]" name="Switzerland" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
|
. They showed a clear difference between
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1186,1310,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1186,1310,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1315,1366,1265,1286]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(in Mingèr Valley represented by morph A1) and five other
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[922,994,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
|
<emphasis box="[922,994,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F.rufa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group species sympatrically occurring in the area. The genetic distance between
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1251,1377,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1251,1377,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1384,1437,1361,1382]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[865,987,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[865,987,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1017,1031,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Fst</subScript>
|
|
= 0.101) was comparable with those between
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[917,1127,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
|
<emphasis box="[917,1127,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1184,1436,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1184,1436,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[841,855,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Fst</subScript>
|
|
= 0.117), or between
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1111,1237,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1111,1237,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1297,1436,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1297,1436,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[840,854,1498,1512]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Fst</subScript>
|
|
= 0.130) but lower than between monodomous and polydomous populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1130,1253,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1130,1253,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in another area of the Swiss National Park (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="BERNASCONI" box="[1146,1424,1552,1575]" etAl="& al." firstAuthor="BERNASCONI" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="189 - 199" part="42" refId="ref44831" refString="BERNASCONI, C., MAEDER, A., CHERIX, D. & PAMILO, P. 2005: Diversity and genetic structure of the wood ant Formica lugubris in unmanaged forests. - Annales Zoologici Fennici 42: 189 - 199." title="Diversity and genetic structure of the wood ant Formica lugubris in unmanaged forests" type="journal article" year="2005">BERNASCONI & al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The mtDNA of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[982,1109,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[982,1109,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1116,1168,1585,1606]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
clustered with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. paralugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1020,1153,1617,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1020,1153,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which may suggest a hybridogenous evolutionary history, but also that there was no influx of genes by immigration of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1217,1336,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1217,1336,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
gynes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" lastBlockId="34.[151,772,913,1542]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
|
|
The morphological clustering of workers failed when the whole Alpine population from the French Jura to Eastern
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[905,985,1777,1799]" name="Austria" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
|
was considered. Running an LDA with the characters
|
|
<collectionCode box="[936,969,1809,1830]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode box="[978,1009,1809,1830]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
|
|
/ CW
|
|
<subScript attach="right" box="[1072,1110,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1122,1150,1809,1830]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
|
/
|
|
<collectionCode box="[1173,1202,1809,1830]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1202,1240,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
|
|
, nSc
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1291,1329,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
|
|
, nCH
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1391,1429,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
|
|
, OccHL
|
|
<subScript attach="right" box="[892,930,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
|
|
, mPnHL
|
|
<subScript attach="right" box="[1027,1065,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
|
|
, and nMet
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1178,1216,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
|
|
, all
|
|
<specimenCount box="[1258,1386,1841,1863]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">nine worker</specimenCount>
|
|
nest samples of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[939,1139,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica">
|
|
<emphasis box="[939,1139,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were allocated to the same cluster, but this cluster was shared with nine
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
samples of the morph A1 from nine different lo- calities. This meant a classification error of 9.3% in a total of
|
|
<specimenCount box="[843,952,2001,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">97 worker</specimenCount>
|
|
samples. The misplaced
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1223,1342,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1223,1342,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
samples came from all over the Alps and included a population from
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38:785D603B5E146163FF5ED9F0FE001AF9" box="[151,401,945,967]" name="Grande Rolat in Swiss" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Jura">Grande Rolat in Swiss</location>
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[409,459,945,966]" country="Switzerland" name="Jura" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Jura</collectingRegion>
|
|
which had been intensively studied biologically, genetically and morphologically over many years.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582279/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" startId="34.[151,186,657,679]" targetBox="[161,762,173,641]" targetPageId="34">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,593,839]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
|
|
Fig. 31: Nest-sample means of a linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[510,684,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[510,684,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex gynes considering eight phenotypic characters;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[217,266,753,774]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(white dots),
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[397,505,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[397,505,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F.lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
morph A1 (black squares),
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[151,262,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[151,262,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
morph A3 (squares with white center). The means were calculated from 28, 38, and 18 individuals for each entity.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,913,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
|
|
The situation in gynes appears better, but the low sample size of only
|
|
<specimenCount box="[374,527,1073,1095]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[566,771,1073,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[566,771,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,204,1105,1126]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
required a strong character reduction, performed by a stepwise LDA. Using the eight characters
|
|
<collectionCode box="[678,707,1137,1158]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
|
/
|
|
<collectionCode box="[734,767,1137,1158]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode box="[151,179,1169,1190]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
|
/ Smax, PeW /
|
|
<collectionCode box="[361,394,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode box="[406,444,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">ML</collectionCode>
|
|
/
|
|
<collectionCode box="[471,504,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
|
|
, nSc, nMes, GuHL, and nHT, the nest sample means of the LDA scores provide a rather good separation of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[439,567,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[439,567,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,626,1233,1254]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation box="[642,715,1233,1255]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[151,186,657,679]" captionTargetBox="[161,762,173,641]" captionTargetId="graphics-1001@34.[204,756,176,600]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 31: Nest-sample means of a linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of Formicalugubris complex gynes considering eight phenotypic characters; Formica helvetica sp.n. (white dots), F.lugubris morph A1 (black squares), F.lugubris morph A3 (squares with white center). The means were calculated from 28, 38, and 18 individuals foreach entity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582279/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
|
), but the figure also shows that the first component of the PCA (calculated from the same eight characters as the LDA) does not expose
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[343,475,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica">
|
|
<emphasis box="[343,475,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. helvetica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but separates instead the
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[151,345,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis box="[151,345,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
morphs A1 and A3.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,913,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
|
|
Habitat and biology. The supercolony stretched along a transect of about 1.6k m length within a
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[645,706,1425,1446]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[645,706,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Pinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
forest on limestone ground. The social structure is comparable with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[284,490,1488,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
|
<emphasis box="[284,490,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with mating intranidally or within the colony borders and high genetic viscosity.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |