237 lines
36 KiB
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237 lines
36 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.977.55693" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98ad84d0-ca97-4a0c-a09a-c0bf6e3f6ad3" ID-PMC="PMC7596021" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-977-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8B3EAC1F283F5EBC8E8A6A0B54F6F7AE" ID-PubMed="33177944" ID-ZooBank="E2A644A715F54052AB1B2DC062A3F308" ModsDocID="1313-2970-977-101" checkinTime="1603412771623" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shi, Shengchao, Zhang, Meihua, Xie, Feng, Jiang, Jianping, Liu, Wulin, Li Ding,, Luan, Li & Wang, Bin" docDate="2020" docId="62F126D09BCB56D58848A748763CDC37" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 977: 101-161" docOrigin="ZooKeys 977" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.977.55693" docTitle="Megophrys medogensis Fei et al. 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="8B3EAC1F283F5EBC8E8A6A0B54F6F7AE" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="8B3EAC1F283F5EBC8E8A6A0B54F6F7AE" masterDocTitle="Multiple data revealed two new species of the Asian horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from the eastern corner of the Himalayas" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1668169627581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Multiple data revealed two new species of the Asian horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from the eastern corner of the Himalayas</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Shi, Shengchao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China & Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Meihua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Xie, Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Jianping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Wulin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Forestry Survey and Design Research Institute of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Li Ding,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Luan, Li</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Chengdu Survey and Design Research Institute of China Electric Power Construction Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Bin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-5579</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wangbin@cib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>977</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.977.55693</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168635146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62F126D09BCB56D58848A748763CDC37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62F126D09BCB56D58848A748763CDC37" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName LSID="62F126D0-9BCB-56D5-8848-A748763CDC37" authority="Fei et al., 1983" authorityName="Fei et al." authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophrys medogensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medogensis">Megophrys medogensis Fei et al., 1983</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Photos of specimens of Megophrys species in Medog. A-E dorsal views of adult male holotype NWIPB 770650 of M. pachyproctus, adult male topotype CIB 022017061406 of M. medogensis, adult male CIB 022017061805 of M. cf. pachyproctus, adult male holotype CIBMT 171053 of Megophrys zhoui sp. nov., and adult male holotype CIB 201706 MT 02 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov., respectively F-J ventral views of the specimens, respectively K-O lateral view of head of the specimens, respectively P-T ventral view of hand of the specimens, respectively U-Y ventral view of foot of the specimens, respectively. Scale bar for body view equal to 10 mm, and for partial view 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466654" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figs 3B, G, L, Q, V</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Visualization of advertisement calls of three Megophrys species from Medog. A-C visualizations of 60 seconds waveform of relative amplitude over time for M. medogensis (one unvouchered individual recorded in the vicinity of Medog urban area), M. cf. pachyproctus (CIB 022017061807), and Megophrys yeae sp. nov. (paratype CIB 022017061804), respectively D-F visualizations of 20 seconds waveform of relative amplitude over time G-I visualizations of two seconds waveform of relative amplitude for the species, respectively J-L visualizations of two seconds waveform of spectrogram for the species, respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466655" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 4A, D, G, J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Skull of Megophrys species in Medog. A-E dorsal views of adult male holotype NWIPB 770650 of M. pachyproctus, adult male topotype CIB 022017061406 of M. medogensis, adult male CIB 022017061805 of M. cf. pachyproctus, adult male holotype CIBMT 171053 of Megophrys zhoui sp. nov., and adult male holotype CIB 201706 MT 02 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov., respectively F-J ventral views of the specimens, respectively. Key to skull: 1 premaxillary; 2 maxillary; 3 nasal; 4 sphenethmoid; 5 anterior fontanelle; 6 frontoparietal; 7 sagittal suture; 8 pterygoid; 9 squamosal; 10 quadratojugal; 11 prootic; 12 exoccipital; 13 vomerine ridge; 14 mandible; 15 anterior process of parasphenoid; 16 columella auris. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466656" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 5B, G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Tadpole specimens of four groups of three Megophrys species from Medog. A-D dorsal views of the low-middle-elevation tadpole CIBMT 20170621 of M. medogensis (Goser stage 35), the high-elevation tadpole CIBMT 171001 of M. medogensis (stage 27), tadpole CIBMT 20170611 of M. cf. pachyproctus (stage 25), tadpole CIBMT 170604 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov. (stage 35), respectively E-H lateral views of the tadpoles, respectively I - L ventral views of the tadpoles, respectively. M-P dorsal views of head of the tadpoles, respectively. Scale bar for body view equal to 10 mm, and for head view 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466657" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 6A, B, E, F, I, J, M, N</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Microhabitats of Megophrys toads in the field in Medog. A stream at elevation 850 m in Didong village, harboring the low-middle-elevation M. medogensis and Megophrys yeae sp. nov. B a stream at 1530 m in Gelin village, hosting the low-middle-elevation M. medogensis and M. pachyproctus C a stream at 1780 m in Bari village, harboring low-middle-elevation M. medogensis, M. cf. pachyproctus and Megophrys yeae sp. nov. D a stream at 2003 m in the vicinity of Renqingbeng Temple, hosting M. cf. pachyproctus and Megophrys zhoui sp. nov. E a stream at 2142 m in Gedang village, hosting M. medogensis F one adult male of low-middle-elevation M. medogensis calling on a dead leaf on the tropical forest ground nearby a stream in Didong village G the adult male paratype CIB 022017061102 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov. calling on a leaf of dense bushes under tropical forest, ca. 0.5 m above a stream in Didong village H the adult male CIB 022017061806 of M. cf. pachyproctus calling on a branch of dead bush, ca. 0.5 m above ground under subtropical forest in Bari village I the gravid female CIBMT 171054 of M. cf. pachyproctus precariously climbing up onto a stem of herb, ca. 0.3 m above a tiny stream under subtropical forest in Renqingbeng J the adult male holotype CIBMT 171053 of Megophrys zhoui sp. nov. sitting on a split of a fern leaf in a small stream under subtropical forest in the vicinity of Renqingbeng Temple." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466661" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 10A-C, E, F</figureCitation>
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, Suppl. material 2
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Sampling information and GenBank accession numbers of samples used in the molecular analyses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2F9A4D70E024E66D95B01753EADB876F" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" tableUuid="2F9A4D70E024E66D95B01753EADB876F">: Figs S1, S5A-H; Tables 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. References utilized for morphological characters of congeners of the genus Megophrys." pageId="0" pageNumber="101">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric comparisons between the Megophrys species from the eastern corner of Himalayas. P-value is resulted from Mann-Whitney U test on each character between species. Significant level at 0.05 (* P-value <0.05). Abbreviation for species name: MCP, M. cf. pachyproctus; MZ, Megophrys zhoui sp. nov.; MY, Megophrys yeae sp. nov.; MP, M. pachyproctus; MM, M. medogensis; and MV, M. vegrandis. See abbreviations for the morphological characters in Materials and methods section." pageId="0" pageNumber="101">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Comparisons of advertisement calls between three Megophrys species in Medog. P-value is resulted from Mann-Whitney U test on each character between species. Significant level at 0.05 (* P-value <0.05). Abbreviation for species names: MCP, M. cf. pachyproctus; MY, Megophrys yeae sp. nov.; and MM, M. medogensis." pageId="0" pageNumber="101">4</figureCitation>
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, Suppl. material 1: Table S1-S5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fei, Ye & Huang" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophrys omeimontis subsp. medogensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="omeimontis" subSpecies="medogensis">Megophrys omeimontis medogensis</taxonomicName>
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Fei, Ye and Huang (1983)**: 49-52.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Five adult females and six adult males from Medog (Suppl. material 1: Table S1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Holotype description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
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Refer to
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<bibRefCitation author="Fei, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Herpetologica Sinica / Liangqi paxing dongwu yanjiu New Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="49 - 52" refId="B29" refString="Fei, L, Ye, CY, Huang, YZ, 1983. Two new subspecies of Megophrys omeimontis Liu from China (Amphibia, Pelobatidae). Acta Herpetologica Sinica/Liangqi paxing dongwu yanjiu New Series 2 (2): 49 - 52" title="Two new subspecies of Megophrys omeimontis Liu from China (Amphibia, Pelobatidae)." volume="2" year="1983">Fei et al. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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for holotype description,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1" author="Mahony, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B70" refString="Mahony, S, Kamei, RG, Teeling, EC, Biju, SD, 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian horned frogs: Phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 4523: 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1" title="Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian horned frogs: Phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1" volume="4523" year="2018">Mahony et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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for picture of holotype CIB 73II0015,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fei, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Herpetologica Sinica / Liangqi paxing dongwu yanjiu New Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" refId="B32" refString="Fei, L, Hu, SQ, Ye, CY, Huang, YZ, 2009. Fauna Sinica. Amphibia. Volume 2. Anura. Science Press, Beijing, 328-481. [In Chinese]" title="Fauna Sinica. Amphibia. Volume 2. Anura. Science Press, Beijing, 328 - 481. [In Chinese]" year="2009">Fei et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Fei, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" refId="B28" refString="Fei, L, Ye, CY, 2016. Amphibians of China, Volume 1. Science Press, Beijing, 611-735." title="Amphibians of China, Volume 1. Science Press, Beijing, 611 - 735." year="2016">Fei and Ye (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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for description of coloration and picture of topotypes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Skull.</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Skull of Megophrys species in Medog. A-E dorsal views of adult male holotype NWIPB 770650 of M. pachyproctus, adult male topotype CIB 022017061406 of M. medogensis, adult male CIB 022017061805 of M. cf. pachyproctus, adult male holotype CIBMT 171053 of Megophrys zhoui sp. nov., and adult male holotype CIB 201706 MT 02 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov., respectively F-J ventral views of the specimens, respectively. Key to skull: 1 premaxillary; 2 maxillary; 3 nasal; 4 sphenethmoid; 5 anterior fontanelle; 6 frontoparietal; 7 sagittal suture; 8 pterygoid; 9 squamosal; 10 quadratojugal; 11 prootic; 12 exoccipital; 13 vomerine ridge; 14 mandible; 15 anterior process of parasphenoid; 16 columella auris. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466656" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">5B, G</figureCitation>
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). Description based on sequenced adult male topotype CIB022017061406. Skull well ossified, width 1.21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; maxillary overlapping with the quadratojugal; premaxillary and maxillary teeth well developed, and closely positioned with others, 11/13 teeth present on left/right of premaxillary; vomerine ridge robust; few vomerine teeth strong, present on posterior end of vomerine ridge; nasal process of premaxilla protruding beyond skull; nasal bones separated, posterior one third of inner edge contact with sphenethmoid; frontoparietal distinctly wider in front than rear; sphenethmoid relatively smooth with few small pits on dorsal and ventral surface, the middle half of front edge not contacting nasal bones and protruding forward, separated from premaxilla; frontoparietal not divided, sagittal suture occlusive; anterior fontanelle occlusive; front part of frontoparietal distinctly wider than rear; posterior edge of exoccipitals anterior to the line connecting conjunctions of quadratojugal and mandible; pterygoid robust; anterior process of squamosal slender, tip much closer to the junction of pterygoid and quadratojugal than its base, posterior process present; prootic relatively smooth, separated from exoccipitals; anterior process of parasphenoid in shape of fusiform, the front part raise above sphenethmoid from ventral view, the conjunction with sphenethmoid with width equals the constriction near base of anterior process of parasphenoid; columella slender and long.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Secondary sexual characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Adult female generally with larger body size. Average body length females 79.7 mm (n = 5, 75.7-85.5 mm), male 65.3 mm (n = 6, 63.1-68.7 mm). Males with brown nuptial pads on fingers I and II, spines on nuptial pad dense; single subgular vocal sac.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="tadpole">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Tadpole.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Tadpole specimens of four groups of three Megophrys species from Medog. A-D dorsal views of the low-middle-elevation tadpole CIBMT 20170621 of M. medogensis (Goser stage 35), the high-elevation tadpole CIBMT 171001 of M. medogensis (stage 27), tadpole CIBMT 20170611 of M. cf. pachyproctus (stage 25), tadpole CIBMT 170604 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov. (stage 35), respectively E-H lateral views of the tadpoles, respectively I - L ventral views of the tadpoles, respectively. M-P dorsal views of head of the tadpoles, respectively. Scale bar for body view equal to 10 mm, and for head view 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466657" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6A, B, E, F, I, J, M, N</figureCitation>
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; Suppl. material 1: Table S2). For low-middle-elevation tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. medogensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="medogensis">M. medogensis</taxonomicName>
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, description was based on tadpole CIBMT20170621 (stage 35) which shared the same pond of sequenced tadpole CIBMT022017061808 in Bari village. They are similar on morphology. For coloration at stage 26, description based on sequenced specimen CIBMT1710101 from Yadong village. Measurements in mm. For stage 35, body 13.3, elongated; head slightly narrower than trunk, oral disk large, funnel like, 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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body width; three rows of short oval submarginal papillae on lower lip; middle of lower lip protruding forward, with five rounded papillae longitudinal arranged from the tip middle lower lip to oral cavity; corner of mouth with six papillae arranged in a transverse row on both sides; three transverse rows of short oval papillae on upper lip; keratodonts absent; nares closer to eyes than tip of snout (RN/NE 1.6); eyes round, positioned dorsolaterally; internarial distance (IND 3.0) 61% of the interpupilar distance (PP 4.9); spiracle mostly in left side of body, in right-handed helix from ventral view; spiracular tube not protruding beyond body wall, positioned 60% of the distance between tip of the snout and trunk-tail junction, and below the horizontal mid trunk line; tail accounts 69% of total length; dorsal fin arise above trunk-tail junction, 35% of maximum body height; ventral fin connected to the trunk, with lesser height, 27% of maximum body height; anal siphon opens medially; maximum tail muscle height 72% of maximum body height, maximum tail muscle strong, width 53% of maximum body width; 12 small curves present on both lateral side of tail muscle. For stage 26, dorsal fin arises behind trunk-tail junction. For stage 43, clear
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“X”">"X"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“l_l”">"l_l"</normalizedToken>
|
||
skin ridges have present on dorsum, limbs are well developed. For high-elevation tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. medogensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="medogensis">M. medogensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, description mostly based on sequenced tadpole CIBMT171001 (at stage 27), coloration based on sequenced tadpoles CIBMT1710106 and CIBMT1710112, collected from Gedang, Medog, Tibet Autonomous Region, China (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.463916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.463917">29.463916°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="95.769507" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="95.76951">95.769507°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2142 m). Body 9.5, elongated; head slightly narrower than trunk; oral disk moderate, funnel like, positioned anterior-dorsal, width equal with body width; 5 transverse rows of short oval papillae on upper lip; keratodonts absent; nares much closer to eyes than tip of snout (RN/NE 2.2); eyes round, positioned dorsolaterally; internarial distance (IND1.9) 61% of the interpupil distance (PP 3.2); spiracle barely visible from ventral view; the spiracular tube not protruding beyond body wall, positioned 63% of the distance between tip of the snout and trunk-tail junction, and below the horizontal mid trunk line; tail accounts 72% of total length; dorsal fin arise above anal siphon opens, 40% of maximum body height; ventral fin connected to the trunk, with lesser height than dorsal fin, 37% of maximum body height; anal siphon opens medially; tail muscle relatively weak, maximum height 72% of maximum body height, width only 44% of maximum body width; eleven small curves present on both lateral side of tail muscle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466657" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpole specimens of four groups of three
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhl & van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophrys" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megophrys</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from Medog.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal views of the low-middle-elevation tadpole CIBMT20170621 of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. medogensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="medogensis">M. medogensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Goser stage 35), the high-elevation tadpole CIBMT171001 of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. medogensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="medogensis">M. medogensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(stage 27), tadpole CIBMT20170611 of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. pachyproctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="pachyproctus">M. cf. pachyproctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(stage 25), tadpole CIBMT170604 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Zhang & Xie & Jiang & Liu & Li Ding & Luan & Wang" authorityYear="2020" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophrys yeae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yeae">Megophrys yeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (stage 35), respectively
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">E-H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral views of the tadpoles, respectively
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">I</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">L</emphasis>
|
||
ventral views of the tadpoles, respectively. M-P dorsal views of head of the tadpoles, respectively. Scale bar for body view equal to 10 mm, and for head view 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Coloration of tadpoles. Low-middle-elevation tadpoles. In preservation (based on CIBMT20170621; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Tadpole specimens of four groups of three Megophrys species from Medog. A-D dorsal views of the low-middle-elevation tadpole CIBMT 20170621 of M. medogensis (Goser stage 35), the high-elevation tadpole CIBMT 171001 of M. medogensis (stage 27), tadpole CIBMT 20170611 of M. cf. pachyproctus (stage 25), tadpole CIBMT 170604 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov. (stage 35), respectively E-H lateral views of the tadpoles, respectively I - L ventral views of the tadpoles, respectively. M-P dorsal views of head of the tadpoles, respectively. Scale bar for body view equal to 10 mm, and for head view 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466657" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6A, B, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
): dorsal body brown; lips semitransparent, papillae on lips brown; dorsal tail light brown, marbled with deep brown markings; lateral side of tail densely covered with tiny brown pigment spots, also mottled with small light colored patches, and scattered with deep brown pigments piles; fins semitransparent; ventral surface of body semitransparent, sparsely covered with brown pigments. In live: dorsal and lateral body generally in light yellow-brown; lateral side of tail mottled with light colored patches; ventral body without white patches; iris brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
|
||
High elevation tadpoles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Tadpole specimens of four groups of three Megophrys species from Medog. A-D dorsal views of the low-middle-elevation tadpole CIBMT 20170621 of M. medogensis (Goser stage 35), the high-elevation tadpole CIBMT 171001 of M. medogensis (stage 27), tadpole CIBMT 20170611 of M. cf. pachyproctus (stage 25), tadpole CIBMT 170604 of Megophrys yeae sp. nov. (stage 35), respectively E-H lateral views of the tadpoles, respectively I - L ventral views of the tadpoles, respectively. M-P dorsal views of head of the tadpoles, respectively. Scale bar for body view equal to 10 mm, and for head view 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466657" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6I, J, M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). In preservation: dorsal body and tail with brown pigmentation; lateral body brown, skin coloration lighter below spiracular tube, with clear white patches; lateral tail muscle brown mottled with dense tiny white dots; upper and lower fin semitransparent brown, lower fin colored lighter; no dark patches on lateral and dorsal tail; ventral body semitransparent white, stained with light brown pigments; lips semitransparent white, papillae brown. When alive, dorsal body and tail basically deep brown, mottled with copper pigmentation, especially dense on body; lateral body brown, with cream-white patches near abdomen; lateral tail brown, scattered with tiny white pigment spots, no dark brown patches on tail; ventral surface of body semitransparent brown, covered with small white pigments; iris brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="bioacoustics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Bioacoustics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Visualization of advertisement calls of three Megophrys species from Medog. A-C visualizations of 60 seconds waveform of relative amplitude over time for M. medogensis (one unvouchered individual recorded in the vicinity of Medog urban area), M. cf. pachyproctus (CIB 022017061807), and Megophrys yeae sp. nov. (paratype CIB 022017061804), respectively D-F visualizations of 20 seconds waveform of relative amplitude over time G-I visualizations of two seconds waveform of relative amplitude for the species, respectively J-L visualizations of two seconds waveform of spectrogram for the species, respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.977.55693.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/466655" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">4A, D, G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
; Suppl. material 1: Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Comparisons of advertisement calls between three Megophrys species in Medog. P-value is resulted from Mann-Whitney U test on each character between species. Significant level at 0.05 (* P-value <0.05). Abbreviation for species names: MCP, M. cf. pachyproctus; MY, Megophrys yeae sp. nov.; and MM, M. medogensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2165EEC2FBAEFD085F8F894F78FA0663" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" tableUuid="2165EEC2FBAEFD085F8F894F78FA0663">4</tableCitation>
|
||
; Suppl. material 2: Fig. S3). A total of 16 call groups and 62 calls were analyzed. Average dominant frequency of calls low, 2.5 kHz (2.3-3.0 kHz); call repetition rate moderate, average 1.2 calls per seconds; call interval short, average 153-254 ms; call groups with average 10.8 calls; call duration long (average 746 ms), and with lots of notes (average 42.1). To the human ear, the call sound like "ga ga ga...".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
|
||
The species is currently known with certainty from the type locality in Medog County, and its distribution elevation was recorded between 680-2200 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fei, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Herpetologica Sinica / Liangqi paxing dongwu yanjiu New Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="49 - 52" refId="B29" refString="Fei, L, Ye, CY, Huang, YZ, 1983. Two new subspecies of Megophrys omeimontis Liu from China (Amphibia, Pelobatidae). Acta Herpetologica Sinica/Liangqi paxing dongwu yanjiu New Series 2 (2): 49 - 52" title="Two new subspecies of Megophrys omeimontis Liu from China (Amphibia, Pelobatidae)." volume="2" year="1983">Fei et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2012, Fei and Ye, 2016; this study). This species was recorded in or near small mountain streams of tropical rain forests, sit on rocks, leaf litter, and sometimes bare soil. Calls heard between 11 June to 5 August (this study; Fei et al. 2019). Four in five females recorded during 11 June to 18 June were gravid. Males start calling before dusk under dense vegetation. Normally, two or more males call in small groups along stream banks, spacing themselves ca. 3-5 meters from each other. Sequenced tadpoles in metamorphosis were recorded on 18 June, in small mountain stream pond at 1560 m. Tadpoles of two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhl & van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophrys" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megophrys</taxonomicName>
|
||
share the same ponds. See description in following. Breeding season is supposed to including early June and may last to early August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Comparison.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Refer to
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1" author="Mahony, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B70" refString="Mahony, S, Kamei, RG, Teeling, EC, Biju, SD, 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian horned frogs: Phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 4523: 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1" title="Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian horned frogs: Phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1" volume="4523" year="2018">Mahony et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for comparison with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="major">M. major</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. medogensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="medogensis">M. medogensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. pachyproctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="pachyproctus">M. pachyproctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by much larger body size (SVL 57.2-68.7 in 21 males vs. 35.3-35.7 in two males in the latter), absence of large protuberance above vent (vs. present in the latter), skin relatively smooth (vs. rough in the latter), frontoparietal distinctly wider in front than rear (vs. almost equally wide in the latter), sagittal suture occlusive (vs. distinctly open in the latter), and columella auris long (vs. short in the latter). For comparisons with species studied in this paper, refer to relevant morphological comparison sections for those species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |