304 lines
33 KiB
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304 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.910.39486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fd47c8fc-f4b8-4924-9a45-51e09fcd5e5b" ID-PMC="PMC7026197" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-910-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5E9B7F572E9952BD87FD845179195CB5" ID-PubMed="32099514" ID-ZooBank="2C11E2A17D5D42A080ECE5FC618FF47B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-910-1" checkinTime="1581415676306" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Silva, Marcos Santos & Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2020" docId="62AE72C9876F544DBB6DE2FA59A25115" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 910: 1-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 910" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.910.39486" docTitle="Pseudogeoplana wetzeli" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5E9B7F572E9952BD87FD845179195CB5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5E9B7F572E9952BD87FD845179195CB5" masterDocTitle="X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch's Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168404165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch's Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Silva, Marcos Santos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>910</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.910.39486</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.910.39486</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-910-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2C11E2A17D5D42A080ECE5FC618FF47B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5E9B7F572E9952BD87FD845179195CB5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162074485" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62AE72C9876F544DBB6DE2FA59A25115" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62AE72C9876F544DBB6DE2FA59A25115" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="62AE72C9-876F-544D-BB6D-E2FA59A25115" authority="(Schirch, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Schirch" baseAuthorityYear="1929" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudogeoplana wetzeli" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wetzeli">Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch, 1929)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 27</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929). Photomicrographs of syntype A. A Horizontal section of anterior extremity B horizontal section of ovarian region C horizontal section of testicular region D transverse section of anterior extremity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 28</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929), syntype A. A Virtual section of pharynx, pixel size: 4.77 µm B photomicrograph of sagittal section of pharynx C photomicrograph of tangential section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its muscle, in sagittal plane D photomicrograph of sagittal section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its underlying muscle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 29</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schirch" authorityYear="1929" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geoplana wetzeli" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wetzeli">Geoplana wetzeli</taxonomicName>
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Schirch, 1929: 32. Type locality: Baixo Guandu,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
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Santo, Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schirch" baseAuthorityYear="1929" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudogeoplana wetzeli" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wetzeli">Pseudogeoplana wetzeli</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogren, RE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Fuji Women's University Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="79 - 166" refId="B27" refString="Ogren, RE, Kawakatsu, M, 1990. Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae. Bulletin of Fuji Women's University Series 1 (28): 79 - 166" title="Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae." volume="1" year="1990">Ogren and Kawakatsu 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 160.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A, B</figureCitation>
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). Type material. Seven syntypes. Baixo Guandu,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
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Santo, Brazil. P. Schirch leg., 1917. They were received on loan in 70 % ethanol with only a label reading 218. Each syntype was given an additional identification with a letter, A-G. Parts of the body of syntype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MNRJ 218A</emphasis>
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were first studied using
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µCT">µCT</normalizedToken>
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followed by traditional histology: transverse sections of anterior extremity on 26 slides; horizontal sections of ovarian region on 29 slides; sagittal sections of pharyngeal region on 33 slides and transverse sections of post-pharyngeal region on 18 slides. Remaining part of body preserved in 80 % ethanol. Following seven syntypes were examined and retained in 80 % ethanol: syntypes
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MNRJ 218B</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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. Parts of them were fragmented.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schirch" baseAuthorityYear="1929" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudogeoplana wetzeli" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wetzeli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudogeoplana wetzeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Schirch, PF" journalOrPublisher="Stain Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Schirch, PF, 1929. Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27-38." title="Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27 - 38." year="1929">Schirch 1929</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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set of all syntypes with original labels
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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original illustration of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. wetzeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wetzeli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. wetzeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Schirch, PF" journalOrPublisher="Stain Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Schirch, PF, 1929. Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27-38." title="Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27 - 38." year="1929">Schirch (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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ventral view of
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">s</emphasis>
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yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="external aspect">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External aspect.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Fixed syntype A (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A</figureCitation>
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) measured 30 mm long, 3 mm wide, and ~1.2 mm high; other syntypes are smaller (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27B</figureCitation>
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). Anterior extremity rounded, posterior pointed, body sides rounded. Dorsum convex, ventral side flat. Ground color of the dorsum olive brown with a median band (as wide as 1/3rd of body width) of mahogany brown color that does not reach the extremities of the body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27B</figureCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Schirch, PF" journalOrPublisher="Stain Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Schirch, PF, 1929. Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27-38." title="Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27 - 38." year="1929">Schirch (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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illustrated the external aspect of the species (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27C</figureCitation>
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). Ventral side lemon yellow (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27D, E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Eyes monolobate, 38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter and surround the anterior extremity of the body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929) A dorsal view of syntype A in 80 % ethanol after being sectioned for histological processing B set of all syntypes with original labels C original illustration of G. wetzeli by Schirch (1929) D ventral view of s yntype A in 80 % ethanol on graph paper E ventral view of cephalic region of syntype A F lateral view of cephalic region of syntype A in clove oil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27F</figureCitation>
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). Posterior to the second millimeter, the eyes spread onto the dorsum and at 4.5 mm occupy the entire dorsum. Sensory pits are simple invaginations 40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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deep, located ventro-marginally in a single row at least along a body length of ~5 mm (equal to 17 % of the body length, syntype A; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929). Photomicrographs of syntype A. A Horizontal section of anterior extremity B horizontal section of ovarian region C horizontal section of testicular region D transverse section of anterior extremity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A</figureCitation>
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). Relative position of the mouth: body length, ~52 % (syntype A). Gonopore not developed in any syntype.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schirch" baseAuthorityYear="1929" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudogeoplana wetzeli" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wetzeli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudogeoplana wetzeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Schirch, PF" journalOrPublisher="Stain Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Schirch, PF, 1929. Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27-38." title="Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27 - 38." year="1929">Schirch 1929</bibRefCitation>
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). Photomicrographs of syntype A.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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Horizontal section of anterior extremity
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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horizontal section of ovarian region
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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horizontal section of testicular region
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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transverse section of anterior extremity.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="internal aspect">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Internal aspect.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The creeping sole comprises 72 % of the body width. Rhabditogen cells and glands producing erythrophil granules pierce the dorsal and marginal epidermis and creeping sole. Ventral epithelium is pierced by a few glands producing fine xanthophil granules. Glandular margin is absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Cutaneous musculature comprises three layers typical of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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. A subepithelial circular layer, followed by a diagonal layer with decussate fibers (2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick dorsally; 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick ventrally) and an innermost longitudinal layer. Muscle fibers of the longitudinal layer (20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick dorsally; 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick ventrally) are arranged into bundles of 6-19 fibers each. Cutaneous musculature thickness relative to the body height in the post-pharyngeal region, 4.5 %.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Parenchymal musculature formed by a supraintestinal layer of transverse fibers and a subintestinal layer of transverse fibers, both layers interspersed with longitudinal fibers (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929). Photomicrographs of syntype A. A Horizontal section of anterior extremity B horizontal section of ovarian region C horizontal section of testicular region D transverse section of anterior extremity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28B, C</figureCitation>
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). Longitudinal parenchymal muscle fibers were best observed in the ovarian region; in the pharyngeal region longitudinal fibers are scarcer. Suboptimal quality of the horizontal sections did not permit us to check whether a third layer, typical of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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(dorsal layer of decussate fibers) is present. In the cephalic region, cutaneous and parenchymal muscle layers are arranged as in the remainder of the body but are less developed. Ventral nerve plate present (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929). Photomicrographs of syntype A. A Horizontal section of anterior extremity B horizontal section of ovarian region C horizontal section of testicular region D transverse section of anterior extremity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28B, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mouth situated approximately in the middle of the pharyngeal pouch. Pharynx cylindrical (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929), syntype A. A Virtual section of pharynx, pixel size: 4.77 µm B photomicrograph of sagittal section of pharynx C photomicrograph of tangential section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its muscle, in sagittal plane D photomicrograph of sagittal section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its underlying muscle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29A, B</figureCitation>
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). Outer pharyngeal musculature consisting of a thin subepithelial longitudinal muscle (5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick), followed by a 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick circular muscle with longitudinal fibers interspersed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929), syntype A. A Virtual section of pharynx, pixel size: 4.77 µm B photomicrograph of sagittal section of pharynx C photomicrograph of tangential section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its muscle, in sagittal plane D photomicrograph of sagittal section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its underlying muscle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C, D</figureCitation>
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). Lining epithelium of pharyngeal lumen sinuous and ciliated, and underlain by a subepithelial circular muscle (25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick), followed by a longitudinal layer (5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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). Esophagus absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schirch" baseAuthorityYear="1929" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudogeoplana wetzeli" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wetzeli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudogeoplana wetzeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Schirch, PF" journalOrPublisher="Stain Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Schirch, PF, 1929. Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27-38." title="Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 5, 27 - 38." year="1929">Schirch 1929</bibRefCitation>
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), syntype A.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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Virtual section of pharynx, pixel size: 4.77
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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|
photomicrograph of sagittal section of pharynx
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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photomicrograph of tangential section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its muscle, in sagittal plane
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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photomicrograph of sagittal section of outer epithelium of pharynx and its underlying muscle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Testes ~40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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|
in diameter. They are located dorsally between the supraintestinal parenchymal muscle layer and the intestine, and limited dorsolaterally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929). Photomicrographs of syntype A. A Horizontal section of anterior extremity B horizontal section of ovarian region C horizontal section of testicular region D transverse section of anterior extremity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28C</figureCitation>
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). Anteriormost testes distant from the anterior extremity 5 mm, equivalent to 17 % of the body length; posteriormost testes distant from anterior extremity, i.e. 10.4 mm, equivalent to ~35 % of the body length (syntype A). Incipient sperm ducts only. Copulatory apparatus not developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Ovaries are oval, 170
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in maximum length, and situated immediately above the ventral nerve plate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Pseudogeoplana wetzeli (Schirch 1929). Photomicrographs of syntype A. A Horizontal section of anterior extremity B horizontal section of ovarian region C horizontal section of testicular region D transverse section of anterior extremity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.910.39486.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/378107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28B</figureCitation>
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). They are located at ~6 mm from the anterior extremity, equivalent to 20 % of the body length (syntype A). Ovovitelline ducts emerge from the dorso-lateral region of ovaries and extend posteriorly only ~200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. They contain sperm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Diagnostic features of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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are recognized in this species: creeping sole covering most of ventral surface, mouth posterior to mid-body, well-developed cutaneous musculature organized into bundles, part of the parenchymal muscle layers organized in longitudinal fibers (as they may be present in the subfamily) and testes dorsal (see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12019" author="Carbayo, F" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="508 - 528" refId="B4" refString="Carbayo, F, Alvarez-Presas, M, Olivares, CT, Marques, FP, Froehlich, EM, Riutort, M, 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42 (5): 508 - 528, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12019" title="Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12019" volume="42" year="2013">Carbayo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly022" author="Almeida, AL" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 65" refId="B2" refString="Almeida, AL, Marques, FP, Carbayo, F, 2019. 'Endless forms most beautiful': taxonomic revision of the planarian Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844) and discovery of numerous congeners (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 (1): 1 - 65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly022" title="' Endless forms most beautiful': taxonomic revision of the planarian Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844) and discovery of numerous congeners (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly022" volume="185" year="2019">Almeida et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Although the largest specimen exhibits both male and female gonads, even sperm in ovovitelline ducts, the copulatory apparatus is lacking, the absence of which hinders searching for the taxonomic affinities of this species within the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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An uncommon feature within this subfamily, the parenchymal longitudinal muscle fibers, might shed some light on the genus to which this species belong. These parenchymal fibers are only known from species of
|
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<taxonomicName family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geoplana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Geoplana</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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<taxonomicName family="Geoplanidae" genus="Imbira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imbira" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Imbira</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
. However,
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|
<taxonomicName family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geoplana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Geoplana</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
is excluded, since in species of this genus, eyes in the cephalic region are cone-shaped, whereas in
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. wetzeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wetzeli">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ps. wetzeli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
they are rounded. Regarding the longitudinal parenchymal musculature, the diagnosis of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Geoplanidae" genus="Imbira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imbira" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Imbira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
does not exclude
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. wetzeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wetzeli">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ps. wetzeli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Geoplanidae" genus="Imbira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imbira" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Imbira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the eyes are distributed only marginally (vs. dorsal in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. wetzeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wetzeli">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ps. wetzeli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). In view of the lack of knowledge on the morphology of this species, it should remain in the collective genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ogren & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudogeoplana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudogeoplana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |