283 lines
33 KiB
XML
283 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="D85835381301D7441762524AF4396BA7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5391440" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630315127817" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise & Monniot, Claude" docDate="2001" docId="F57D87A3FF983173EA49FB0AFE281080" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2001.23.2.201-383.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 23 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Polysyncraton adelon Monniot & Monniot 2001, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="0944FFDBFFDF313BEB47FF93FFBE1602" masterDocTitle="Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="272" updateTime="1699223418854" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="07EDE0EF587424FD7E74AEDA0470CA8C">
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<mods:title id="099363338AB7190193C5E724F6A50E9F">Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="051FC556A6CA9B12A671D9E5B5DE12F2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1BA27C7F8EC34CCC1FC04AE46E5467A0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A4E7E8FAB3C977405C7AFC94E3B47F8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="032A427B14BA50CF01C8745E9A58A4FE">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F3244427DC1EBD3DB293F0B6FFB72C2D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C8C2F572A88E60AA8E200E06E0CD0CF4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="72E98A6F0F199D0E57D7D85965D858F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1C572B3394149B1AC26B1866ECCEE5CA">Monniot, Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="51CBB33B32E10F849337036CEFA02433">UPESA 8044, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F- 75005 Paris (France) monniot @ mnhn. fr.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E830A8BA94F82A524AF7874F175E2A9" type="email">monniot@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0DA1A3FDC1D28DAD57B1C594C7196F02">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EE3BDDFE52103963802A5C9197A8B1DF">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6149FB3704CAC9F3EC1824B0B7800EE6">
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<mods:date id="783E41FCF7423B4452E669F64B72EF5D">2001</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9631E7E7F39A73D52518D84B8021483F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="516F5CE32A4A6D7E191FEE554F30CEBF">23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F00EDEA57E70C4DCEB8800F7EE8907C8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="296730C4762F8D559BEF49CB226A46CF">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="CB62704207A95F705F7F27814854C185" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="FCDF36509357803EC2644F85101F618D">201</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BD67A8C3681D71A5A19B699D551F714D">383</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="C3E670E5BAE940744B862EF3D56EC855">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A292E5215DAC094395DEFB8337812C14" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5391440</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1FEFF793BE063A30573E405BD8DC0D67" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CE70E6E0536BF26C6DF148EB3CE296FE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5391440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F57D87A3FF983173EA49FB0AFE281080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5468035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5468035" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F57D87A3FF983173EA49FB0AFE281080" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57D87A3FF983173EA49FB0AFE281080" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF98317CEA49FB0AFD8B12B0" box="[270,565,1176,1203]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CEA49FB0AFD8B12B0" blockId="71.[270,565,1176,1233]" box="[270,565,1176,1203]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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<heading id="262381D9FF98317CEA49FB0AFD8B12B0" box="[270,565,1176,1203]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF98317CEA49FB0AFE4D12B1" ID-CoL="4LP82" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[270,499,1177,1203]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adelon" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CEA49FB0AFE4D12B1" bold="true" box="[270,499,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Polysyncraton adelon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF98317CEABDFB0BFD8B12B0" box="[506,565,1176,1202]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF98317CEA14FB24FE5112D3" box="[339,495,1207,1233]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CEA14FB24FE5112D3" blockId="71.[270,565,1176,1233]" box="[339,495,1207,1233]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CEA1CFB24FE0112D3" box="[347,447,1207,1233]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="68.[268,279,979,996]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,166,942]" captionTargetId="figure-306@68.[151,700,166,942]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIG. 54. — Spicules; A, Didemnum madeleinae n. sp.; B, Polysyncraton adelon n. sp. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391549/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Figs 54B</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CEA8DFB24FE5912D3" box="[458,487,1207,1233]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="71.[151,162,766,783]" captionTargetBox="[151,684,166,732]" captionTargetId="figure-529@71.[133,722,155,760]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIG. 56. — Polysyncraton adelon n. sp.; A, thorax; B, abdomen; C, larva. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391553/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">56</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF98317CEBD0FB63FE451339" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CEBD0FB63FE451339" blockId="71.[151,683,1263,1380]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF98317CEBD0FB63FEFB1304" box="[151,325,1264,1287]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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||
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FF98317CEBD0FB63FF731307" box="[151,205,1264,1287]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">TYPE</typeStatus>
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MATERIAL
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</collectionCode>
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. —
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CEA38FB7CFE761305" bold="true" box="[383,456,1263,1287]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF98317CEA38FB7CFE7C1305" box="[383,450,1263,1287]" name="Palau" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Palau</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Southwest Islands,
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<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FF98317CEBD0FA99FF421320" box="[151,252,1290,1314]" country="Palau" name="Sonsorol" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Sonsoral</collectingRegion>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF98317CEA50FA99FE2C1320" box="[279,402,1290,1314]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="20.88" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" precision="9" value="5.348">5°20.88’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF98317CEAE9FA99FDFF1320" box="[430,577,1290,1314]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="13.80" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" precision="9" value="132.23">132°13.80’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF98317CE91AFA99FD161322" box="[605,680,1289,1314]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="096A1075FF98317CEBD0FAB0FEAC1339" box="[151,274,1315,1339]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" value="1995-07-24">24.VII.1995</date>
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(
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF98317CEA58FAB0FECD1339" box="[287,371,1315,1339]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">MNHN</collectionCode>
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A2
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF98317CEADBFAB0FE721339" box="[412,460,1315,1339]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">POL</collectionCode>
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94).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF98317CEBD0FAD8FD141366" box="[151,682,1355,1380]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CEBD0FAD8FD141366" blockId="71.[151,683,1263,1380]" box="[151,682,1355,1380]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF98317CEA9DFADFFDA91366" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[474,535,1356,1380]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adelon">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CEA9DFADFFDA91366" box="[474,535,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">adelon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: hardly visible.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF98317CEBD0FA14FC6D15C0" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CEBD0FA14FE96139D" blockId="71.[151,684,1415,1666]" box="[151,296,1415,1441]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CEBD0FA3BFBAA16E0" blockId="71.[151,684,1415,1666]" lastBlockId="71.[714,1247,167,962]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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||
Grey-green in formalin, the colonies form very soft, extensive sheets
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<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF98317CEAC6FA5BFE4413E3" box="[385,506,1479,1506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 2 mm</quantity>
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thick. They are easily delaminated, as the common cloacal cavities are extensive at the thoracic level. The spicules are dense everywhere and mixed with dark pigment cells, which are more abundant in the upper layer and around the thoraces. The common cloacal cavity does not penetrate the abdominal layer of the colony.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CE98DFF7BFB301440" blockId="71.[714,1247,167,962]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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The zooids are greenish in formalin. The oral siphon is short with very small lobes. The cloacal opening is very wide, without a languet, uncovering a large part of the branchial sac (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CEF2CFEDBFB6A1760" box="[1131,1236,328,354]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="71.[151,162,766,783]" captionTargetBox="[151,684,166,732]" captionTargetId="figure-529@71.[133,722,155,760]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIG. 56. — Polysyncraton adelon n. sp.; A, thorax; B, abdomen; C, larva. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391553/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Fig. 56A</figureCitation>
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). There are eight or nine stigmata in the first and second half rows, seven in the posterior row. The lateral thoracic organ is round, placed above the third transverse vessel or the fourth stigmata row (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CE995FE7BFC831400" box="[722,829,488,514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="71.[151,162,766,783]" captionTargetBox="[151,684,166,732]" captionTargetId="figure-529@71.[133,722,155,760]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIG. 56. — Polysyncraton adelon n. sp.; A, thorax; B, abdomen; C, larva. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391553/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Fig. 56A</figureCitation>
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). The retractor muscle is of variable length, but not longer than the thorax, and arises mid-way down the oesophageal peduncle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CE98DFDDBFB2D1540" blockId="71.[714,1247,167,962]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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The abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CE832FDDBFC691460" box="[885,983,584,610]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="71.[151,162,766,783]" captionTargetBox="[151,684,166,732]" captionTargetId="figure-529@71.[133,722,155,760]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIG. 56. — Polysyncraton adelon n. sp.; A, thorax; B, abdomen; C, larva. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391553/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Fig. 56B</figureCitation>
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) is slightly smaller than the thorax. The gut loop is wide open, with a spherical anterior stomach. The gonads are included in the digestive loop. There are three or more often four testis lobes, pressed into a rosette and covered by four to five turns of the sperm duct (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CE84AFC9BFCCB1520" box="[781,885,776,802]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="71.[151,162,766,783]" captionTargetBox="[151,684,166,732]" captionTargetId="figure-529@71.[133,722,155,760]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIG. 56. — Polysyncraton adelon n. sp.; A, thorax; B, abdomen; C, larva. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391553/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Fig. 56B</figureCitation>
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). The ovary (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CEF48FC9BFBC81520" box="[1039,1142,776,802]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="71.[151,162,766,783]" captionTargetBox="[151,684,166,732]" captionTargetId="figure-529@71.[133,722,155,760]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIG. 56. — Polysyncraton adelon n. sp.; A, thorax; B, abdomen; C, larva. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391553/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Fig. 56C</figureCitation>
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) replaces the testis in the zooid’s reproductive cycle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CE98DFCD4FB7C1560" blockId="71.[714,1247,167,962]" box="[714,1218,839,866]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">No larvae were present in the colonies studied.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CE98DFCFBFC6D15C0" blockId="71.[714,1247,167,962]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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The spicules reach 35 µm in diameter. They are spheres made of multiple thin blunt rays, not pointed ones (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF98317CE823FC3BFC7915C0" box="[868,967,936,962]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="68.[268,279,979,996]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,166,942]" captionTargetId="figure-306@68.[151,700,166,942]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIG. 54. — Spicules; A, Didemnum madeleinae n. sp.; B, Polysyncraton adelon n. sp. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391549/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF98317CE98DFC74FB041360" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CE98DFC74FC9015FD" blockId="71.[714,1247,999,1666]" box="[714,814,999,1025]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CE98DFB9BFB041360" blockId="71.[714,1247,999,1666]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
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This species is placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF98317CEF16FB9BFB611220" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[1105,1247,1032,1058]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CEF16FB9BFB611220" box="[1105,1247,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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instead of
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF98317CE87CFBBBFC0D1240" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[827,947,1064,1090]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CE87CFBBBFC0D1240" box="[827,947,1064,1090]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Didemnum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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according to the pragmatic understanding detailed earlier (Monniot F. 1993), as it has no cloacal languet but four testis lobes. Rather few species in this genus exist with many testis lobes but no cloacal languet. By its colour when preserved, the present species looks like
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF98317CE9B0FB7BFBF71300" authority="Michaelsen, 1923" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1923" box="[759,1097,1256,1282]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CE9B0FB7BFC3D1300" box="[759,899,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">P. hartmeyeri</emphasis>
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Michaelsen, 1923
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Red Sea, which has five testis lobes, five to six turns of the sperm duct, more stigmata in a row, and – the most telling distinction – no retractor muscle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF983173E98DFAFBFD9C140A" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF98317CE98DFAFBFCF41080" blockId="71.[714,1247,999,1666]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF98317CE98DFAFBFC531380" ID-CoL="4LP9J" authority="Hastings, 1931" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1931" box="[714,1005,1384,1410]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnetae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CE98DFAFBFCF81383" box="[714,838,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">P. magnetae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF98317CE80CFAFBFC531380" author="HASTINGS A. B." box="[843,1005,1384,1410]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" pagination="69 - 109" refId="ref85130" refString="HASTINGS A. B. 1931. - Tunicata. Scientific Report of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29 4 (3): 69 - 109." type="journal article" year="1931">Hastings, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Great Barrier Reef has five testes but only two coils of the sperm duct, and its zooids are distributed in double rows.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF98317CE98DFA5BFBEC13E0" ID-CoL="4LPBJ" authority="Kott, 1976" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1976" box="[714,1106,1479,1506]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="victoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF98317CE98DFA5BFC7113E3" box="[714,975,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Polysyncraton victoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF98317CE89EFA54FBEC13E0" author="KOTT P." box="[985,1106,1479,1506]" pageId="71" pageNumber="272" pagination="53 - 96" refId="ref85769" refString="KOTT P. 1976. - The ascidian fauna of Western Port, Victoria, and a comparison with that of Port Phillip Bay. Memoirs of the National Museum, Victoria 37: 53 - 96." type="journal article" year="1976">Kott, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF98317CE9B2FA7BFCEA1000" box="[757,852,1512,1538]" name="Australia" pageId="71" pageNumber="272">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
has three to four testis follicles, but the spicule shape and arrangement is different and there are only six stigmata per half row. She does not mention a cloacal languet in her description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FF3BFEA91740" blockId="72.[151,684,168,322]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF973173EBD0FF3BFE6016C0" authority="Michaelsen, 1920" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,478,168,194]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tubiporae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EBD0FF3BFEA816C0" box="[151,278,168,194]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">P. tubiporae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF973173EA59FF3BFE6016C0" author="MICHAELSEN W." box="[286,478,168,194]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref86393" refString="MICHAELSEN W. 1920. - Die Krikobranchien Ascidien des Westlichen Indischen Ozeans: Didemniden. Mittelungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg 37: 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1920">Michaelsen, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173E965FF3BFD3C16C0" box="[546,642,168,194]" name="Tanzania" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
has a spicule-free layer at the colony surface, lateral thoracic organs placed anteriorly, and six to eight testes encircled by two to three loose turns of the sperm duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBFAFEF6FE5F179C" blockId="72.[189,646,357,414]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF973173EBFAFEF6FD38177D" ID-CoL="6VV6F" authority="Tokioka, 1949" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1949" box="[189,646,357,383]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspiculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EBFAFEF6FE60177D" bold="true" box="[189,478,357,383]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Polysyncraton aspiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF973173EAA2FEF6FD38177D" author="TOKIOKA T." box="[485,646,357,383]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref88902" refString="TOKIOKA T. 1949. - Contributions to Japanese ascidian fauna. I: Ascidians collected by Prof. Miyachi and Mr Masui during the bottom survey 1939 - 40. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 1 (1): 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1949">Tokioka, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF973173EA2DFE17FE66179C" box="[362,472,388,414]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="162.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-69@162.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIG. 121. — A, Polysyncraton aspiculatum Tokioka, 1949; B, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; C, Polysyncraton thallomorpha Monniot F., 1993;D, Diplosoma marsupiale n. sp.; E, Diplosoma pannosum n. sp.; F, Diplosoma pavonia Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391671/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Fig. 121A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FE2EFD9C140A" blockId="72.[151,685,445,636]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5DC4119BFF973173EBD0FE2EFD9C140A" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FC7510A4FF973173EBD0FE2EFF1B17EC" author="TOKIOKA T." page="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" year="1949">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF973173EBD0FE2EFF1B17EC" ID-CoL="6CT8R" authority="Tokioka, 1949: 2" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1949" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspiculatum" subGenus="Polysyncraton">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EBD0FE2EFEBD17D7" box="[151,259,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Didemnum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EA55FE2EFE3117D7" box="[274,399,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EAD9FE2EFDB017D7" box="[414,526,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">aspiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF973173E952FE2EFF1B17EC" author="TOKIOKA T." pageId="72" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref88902" refString="TOKIOKA T. 1949. - Contributions to Japanese ascidian fauna. I: Ascidians collected by Prof. Miyachi and Mr Masui during the bottom survey 1939 - 40. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 1 (1): 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1949">Tokioka, 1949: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2, fig. 1-3.
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FF973173EA03FE46FEC917EF" box="[324,375,469,493]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173EA94FE46FDB017EE" box="[467,526,469,492]" name="Japan" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Synonymy: see Monniot C.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EA53FE7CFEFD140A" box="[276,323,495,520]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in press,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173EAD8FE63FDA0140A" box="[415,542,496,520]" name="South Africa" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973173EBD0FD84FF4B147E" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FD84FF4B147E" blockId="72.[151,685,445,636]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF973173EBD0FD84FEDB142F" box="[151,357,535,558]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EAD5FD8BFDB41432" bold="true" box="[402,522,536,560]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173EAD5FD8BFDB81432" box="[402,518,536,560]" name="Philippines" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Luzon, NE side of Maricaban Island, Gamao Point,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF973173E962FDA2FD19144B" box="[549,679,561,585]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="38.39" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" precision="9" value="13.639833">13°38.39’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF973173EBD0FDD8FE941461" box="[151,298,587,611]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="56.86" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" precision="9" value="120.94767">120°56.86’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF973173EA7DFDD8FEC61463" box="[314,376,586,611]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FF973173EAC0FDD8FDAB1461" box="[391,533,587,611]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" value="1994-07-25">25.VII.1994</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF973173E960FDD8FD3C1461" box="[551,642,587,611]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF973173EBD0FDF7FF79147E" box="[151,199,612,636]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">POL</collectionCode>
|
||
81).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973173EBD0FD34FEA81360" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FD34FE9614BD" blockId="72.[151,685,679,1378]" box="[151,296,679,705]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FD5BFE9315A0" blockId="72.[151,685,679,1378]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
The colonies are thick light brown crusts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF973173EBD8FD7BFEAB1500" box="[159,277,744,770]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="162.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-69@162.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIG. 121. — A, Polysyncraton aspiculatum Tokioka, 1949; B, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; C, Polysyncraton thallomorpha Monniot F., 1993;D, Diplosoma marsupiale n. sp.; E, Diplosoma pannosum n. sp.; F, Diplosoma pavonia Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391671/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Fig. 121A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a network of depressed lines above the cloacal channels. The cloacal apertures are not numerous. The colony surface is smooth and clean. Spicules are totally absent. The tunic is filled with vesicular cells and round, brown pigment cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FC3BFE7A12C0" blockId="72.[151,685,679,1378]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
The structure of the zooids is the same as in specimens from other regions and in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FF973173E971FC54FDDA15E3" box="[566,612,967,993]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The cloacal languet is large with two long lobes in zooids near the common cloacal apertures. The branchial sac has eight stigmata per row on each side and is as brown as the remaider of the body. The testis follicles are numerous, about eight in a rosette encircled by two and a half coils of the sperm duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29AB663DFF973173E98DFBCBFB6B127C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391555/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" startId="72.[714,725,1112,1129]" targetBox="[719,1248,166,1075]" targetPageId="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173E98DFBCBFB6B127C" blockId="72.[714,1249,1112,1150]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
FIG. 57. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF973173E869FBCBFBAC126B" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[814,1042,1112,1129]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebellum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173E869FBCBFBAC126B" box="[814,1042,1112,1129]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Polysyncraton cerebellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF973173EF5EFBCBFBF1126B" box="[1049,1103,1112,1129]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EF1EFBCBFBD8126B" bold="true" box="[1113,1126,1112,1129]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EF35FBCBFBC1126B" bold="true" box="[1138,1151,1112,1129]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">B</emphasis>
|
||
, thoraces;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173E98DFBFEFD66127C" bold="true" box="[714,728,1133,1150]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">C</emphasis>
|
||
, abdomen;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173E87BFBFEFCF4127C" bold="true" box="[828,842,1133,1150]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">D</emphasis>
|
||
, larva. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FB5BFEA81360" blockId="72.[151,685,679,1378]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
The larvae are large compared to the zooid size. They have three adhesive papillae and eight pairs of ampullae grouped in pairs. The body wall has vesicular cells as figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF973173EA96FABBFD3D1340" author="TOKIOKA T." box="[465,643,1320,1346]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" refId="ref89022" refString="TOKIOKA T. 1953. - Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 313 p." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973173EBD0FA14FE281080" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FA14FF45139D" blockId="72.[151,684,1415,1666]" box="[151,251,1415,1441]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173EBD0FA3BFE281080" blockId="72.[151,684,1415,1666]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
|
||
The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF973173EADBFA3BFDEB13C1" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1949" box="[412,597,1448,1475]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspiculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EADBFA3BFDEB13C1" box="[412,597,1448,1475]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">P. aspiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the western Indian Ocean, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173E954FA5BFDC513E0" box="[531,635,1480,1506]" name="Australia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173EBD0FA7BFEAB1000" box="[151,277,1512,1538]" name="Philippines" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173EA12FA74FE2D1003" box="[341,403,1511,1537]" name="Japan" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is particularly wide. The variability in density of spicules and pigment cells in different locations raises questions about the presence of just a single species, but the zooids and larvae are identical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |