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<mods:title id="881CDADBA4A6E2696CF6B13D029C7D1F">New species, corallivory, in situ video observations and overview of the Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) in the Hawaiian Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F3B23DF8BEB81EB69BFE3A71985E5695">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD9FFF0B2DCFF11F01711FA" blockId="13.[151,588,151,178]" box="[151,588,151,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
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<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B2DCFF11F01711FA" ID-CoL="3DJ6P" authority="Fisher 1906" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,588,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipifera">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B2DCFF11F01711FA" bold="true" box="[151,588,151,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B2DCFF11F3E811F9" bold="true" box="[151,435,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Evoplosoma forcipifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD9FFF0B3F1FF1EF01711FA" author="Fisher" box="[442,588,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD9FFF0B2DCFF5BF0EB11BB" blockId="13.[151,688,221,243]" box="[151,688,221,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD9FFF0B2DCFF5BF34911BB" author="Fisher" box="[151,274,221,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 1065; Clark 1993: 253;
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD9FFF0B045FF5BF02111BB" author="Mah" box="[526,634,221,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M &amp; Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Mah 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 280.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B2DCFE99F3721070" bold="true" box="[151,297,287,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Hawaiian Islands, east of Kauai
<collectingCountry id="92C286E3FFD9FFF0B0D1FE99F0BA1070" box="[666,737,287,312]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Island</collectingCountry>
, 48°S 15'W.
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(682508 fms)
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<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD9FFF0B28CFEC2F148137D" blockId="13.[151,1436,287,565]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B28CFEC2F3991015" bold="true" box="[199,450,324,349]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B28CFEC2F3431014" bold="true" box="[199,280,324,348]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">In situ</emphasis>
observations.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B385FEC2F1281015" authority="Fisher 1906" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[462,883,324,349]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipifera">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B385FEC2F0871014" box="[462,732,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Evoplosoma forcipifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD9FFF0B0A2FEC2F1281015" author="Fisher" box="[745,883,324,349]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also occurs in the Hawaiian region. Although unambiguous video records of this species were not observed, one hippasterine asteroid which was observed feeding on a deep-sea coral was tentatively identified as this species (P5-689-d3-05353, P5—689-d3-05500, P5- 689-d5-03050) but could also possibly be
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B035FE37F14E1080" box="[638,789,431,456]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muscipula">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B035FE37F14E1080" box="[638,789,431,456]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">H. muscipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Figure
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<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD9FFF0B180FE29F76D1080" author="Chave" box="[971,1334,431,456]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refString="Chave, E. H. &amp; Malahoff, A. (1998) In Deeper Waters: photographic studies of Hawaiian deep-sea habitats and life forms. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 127 pp." type="book" year="1998">Chave and Malahoff (1998: 45)</bibRefCitation>
shows a goniasterid on the gorgonian
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B3AFFE52F01A10A5" box="[484,577,468,493]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B3AFFE52F01A10A5" box="[484,577,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Ellisella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., which has been identified as
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B18DFE52F69810A5" box="[966,1219,468,493]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B18DFE52F69810A5" box="[966,1219,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Calliaster pedicellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is more likely either
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B2AFFE71F3A81358" box="[228,499,503,528]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipifera">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B2AFFE71F3A81358" box="[228,499,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Evoplosoma forcipifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B06EFE7FF0931358" box="[549,712,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B06EFE7FF09F1358" box="[549,708,503,528]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muscipula">H. muscipula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD9FFF0B09EFE71F1F71358" box="[725,940,503,528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M &amp; Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="journal article">
Mah
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B15EFE7FF10F1358" box="[789,852,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
has documented several other species of
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD9FFF0B2DCFD9AF379137D" box="[151,290,540,565]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD9FFF0B2DCFD9AF379137D" box="[151,290,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which are predators on deep-sea octocorals.
</paragraph>
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