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<mods:title id="DDC85ECB81C695CA86E5BE1B019DD30F">New species, corallivory, in situ video observations and overview of the Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) in the Hawaiian Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3247601EF338F454E59D85DB66EC113B">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD2FFFBB2DCFD21F024138A" blockId="6.[151,639,679,739]" box="[151,639,679,706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<heading id="B122711FFFD2FFFBB2DCFD21F024138A" bold="true" box="[151,639,679,706]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD2FFFBB2DCFD21F024138A" ID-CoL="J3Z8" authority="Fisher 1906" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,639,679,706]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astroceramus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callimorphus">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB2DCFD21F024138A" bold="true" box="[151,639,679,706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB2DCFD21F3BD1389" bold="true" box="[151,486,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Astroceramus callimorphus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD2FFFBB3A7FD2EF024138A" author="Fisher" box="[492,639,680,706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD2FFFBB2DCFD4CF35113AB" blockId="6.[151,639,679,739]" box="[151,266,714,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<figureCitation id="72EEDAF6FFD2FFFBB2DCFD4CF2AE13AB" box="[151,245,714,739]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,205,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. In situ video observations of Goniasteridae. A. Astroceramus callimorphus hunched over prey. B. Astroceramus eldredgei n. sp. on substrate. C. A. eldredgei n. sp. feeding on Paragorgia? D. A. eldredgei n. sp. feeding on the blue plexaurid octocoral Astromuricea theophilasi E. A. eldredgei n. sp. the blue plexaurid octocoral Astromuricea theophilasi F. Calliaster pedicellaris feeding observation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235782/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Figure 2</figureCitation>
A
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD2FFFBB2DCFC94F7681260" blockId="6.[151,1331,786,808]" box="[151,1331,786,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD2FFFBB2DCFC94F3421260" author="Fisher" box="[151,281,786,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 1056; A.M. Clark 1993: 243 (checklist);
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD2FFFBB08BFC94F1701260" author="Mah" box="[704,811,786,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" refString="Mah, C. (1998) New Records, Taxonomic Notes and a Checklist of Hawaiian Starfish. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 55, 65 - 71" type="journal article" year="1998">Mah 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 67 (checklist);
<bibRefCitation id="8E44BB82FFD2FFFBB186FC95F6B81260" author="Kogure" box="[973,1251,786,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" refString="Kogure, Y. &amp; Tachikawa, H. (2009) A new species of the genus Astroceramus (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Goniasteridae) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Biogeography, 11, 77 - 82." type="journal article" year="2009">Kogure &amp; Tachikawa 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 80, 81.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD2FFFBB2DCFCD3F7C3156A" blockId="6.[151,1436,853,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB2DCFCD3F3DA1226" bold="true" box="[151,385,853,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Feeding comments.</emphasis>
One image (R-110-d2-007) shows
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD2FFFBB16AFCD0F6011226" box="[801,1114,853,878]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astroceramus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callimorphus">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB16AFCD0F6011226" box="[801,1114,853,878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Astroceramus callimorphus</emphasis>
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with its disk hunched over what are identified as caryophyllid corals (
<figureCitation id="72EEDAF6FFD2FFFBB03AFCFFF0EF12DA" box="[625,692,889,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,205,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. In situ video observations of Goniasteridae. A. Astroceramus callimorphus hunched over prey. B. Astroceramus eldredgei n. sp. on substrate. C. A. eldredgei n. sp. feeding on Paragorgia? D. A. eldredgei n. sp. feeding on the blue plexaurid octocoral Astromuricea theophilasi E. A. eldredgei n. sp. the blue plexaurid octocoral Astromuricea theophilasi F. Calliaster pedicellaris feeding observation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235782/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). The position of the animal indicates positioning of the stomach over the polyps of the coral, this is interpreted as feeding behavior by this species on the coral. The Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD2FFFBB2DCFC47F3271292" box="[151,380,961,986]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Tessellaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="notablis">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB2DCFC47F3271292" box="[151,380,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Tessellaster notablis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which possesses a broadly similar body form to
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD2FFFBB1E8FC44F6651291" box="[931,1086,962,985]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astroceramus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB1E8FC44F6651291" box="[931,1086,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Astroceramus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with triangular, elongate arms with abutting superomarginals over the arm radius, was recorded by H.L. Clark (1941) as having had the solitary coral
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD2FFFBB29DFB8FF38F1569" box="[214,468,1033,1058]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiacyathidae" genus="Bathyactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB29DFB8FF38F1569" box="[214,468,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Bathyactis symmetrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="2DD5BDF0FFD2FFFBB057FB8FF10E1569" box="[540,853,1033,1058]" class="Anthozoa" family="Fungiacyathidae" genus="Fungiacyathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="symmetricus">
<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB057FB8FF10E1569" box="[540,853,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Fungiacyathus symmetricus</emphasis>
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) in its stomach suggesting convergent morphology.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB28CFBABF302150E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1069,1094]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Hawaiian Islands: Kona, Kahoolawe, East French Frigate Shoals.
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233
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.
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<emphasis id="D8A11A61FFD2FFFBB28CFBD7F3EA1522" bold="true" box="[199,433,1105,1130]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Video observations.</emphasis>
P5-281-010. Kona, Big
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. 19.63345, -156.0369333,
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA6AC673FFD2FFFBB28CFBF3F18615F9" blockId="6.[151,1436,853,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
R-110-d1-02229 &amp; R-110-d2-007. Kahoolawe. 20.633, -156.7135 to 20.6341, -156.7073,
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; R-188- d1-02244. East French Frigate Shoals, NWHI, 23.8806, -165.8259,
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.
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