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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792292" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f309b9a6-ba6b-4f63-96b6-caf37e4e2a21" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815496" ID-ISSN="13132970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792292" ID-ZooBank="20B00870-7416-4583-ADE0-4302E5571B66" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A120BA18-CACF-4F2C-A9D5-E7CB60A1E2D4" approvalRequired="57" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="57" checkinTime="1587999934386" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anweiler, Gary G." docDate="2009" docId="F544023F5B50FFED19AF00DD2AD7FC73" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1990.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 9 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@52c7884c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Panthea apanthea Anweiler 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A120BA18-CACF-4F2C-A9D5-E7CB60A1E2D4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="097D7A475B55FFEA1923032E2837FFD7" masterDocTitle="Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="97" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1643568514638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">87B63195-32B4-4FAF-8732-54242BF1FAA9</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>E. H. Strickland Entomological Museum, 218 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T 6 G 2 E 9</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gganweiler@shaw.ca)</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-05-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>97</mods:start>
<mods:end>134</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.9.157</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f309b9a6-ba6b-4f63-96b6-caf37e4e2a21</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">13132970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576456</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">20B00870-7416-4583-ADE0-4302E5571B66</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792292" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792292" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A120BA18-CACF-4F2C-A9D5-E7CB60A1E2D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F544023F5B50FFED19AF00DD2AD7FC73" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<subSubSection box="[140,547,1011,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,998,1011,1109]" box="[140,547,1011,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<heading box="[140,547,1011,1038]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,547,1011,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName authority="Anweiler" authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,470,1011,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,355,1011,1038]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis box="[140,238,1011,1038]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" reason="1">Panthea</emphasis>
apanthea
</emphasis>
Anweiler
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[482,547,1011,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,998,1011,1109]" box="[140,998,1046,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<uri box="[140,998,1046,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid box="[420,998,1046,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">A120BA18-CACF-4F2C-A9D5-E7CB60A1E2D4</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,998,1011,1109]" box="[140,370,1082,1109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<figureCitation box="[140,239,1082,1108]" captionStart="Figures 1-11" captionStartId="30.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[137,1111,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 1-11. Panthea adults 1. P. apanthea ♁ holotype, White Mountains, AZ, USA; 2. P. apanthea ♀, Coconino Co., AZ, USA; 3. P. reducta ♁ holotype, Pedemales N.P., DR; 4. P. judyae ♁, Grant Co., NM, USA; 5. P. judyae ♀, Cochise Co., AZ, USA; 6. P. gigantea ♁ neotype, Larimer Co., CO, USA; 7. P. gigantea ♀,Grant Co., NM, USA; 8. P. gigantea ♁, Durango, MEX; 9. P. gigantea ♀, Chihuahua, MEX; 10. P. guatemala ♁ holotype, San Lorenzo, GUA; 11. P. guatemala ♀, Oaxaca, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771576/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[253,285,1082,1109]" captionStart="Figures 44-49" captionStartId="33.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[141,1083,189,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44. Lichnoptera decora, Queretero, MEX; 45. P. apanthea, El Paso Co., CO., USA; 46. P. judyae Grant Co., NM, USA; 47. P.reducta, Pedemales, DR; 48. P.gigantea, El Dorado Co., CA., USA, a. tip of uncus; 49. P. guatemala, Oaxaca MEX., a. tip of uncus, Oaxaca, b. tip of uncus, Chiapas, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771588/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[297,329,1082,1109]" captionStart="Figures 58-68" captionStartId="35.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[197,1038,190,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P.acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f.furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f.furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771594/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">58</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[341,370,1082,1108]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[140,174,830,852]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,811]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[141,1107,166,810]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 69. Distribution of examined specimens of P. virginarius, P. apanthea and P. judyae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771596/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">69</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1152,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,316,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis box="[140,198,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
material.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010595" collectingDate="1925-08-10" collectingDateMax="1925-08-30" collectingDateMin="1925-08-10" collectionCode="CNC, USNM" collectorName="O. C. Poling &amp; J. D. Gill" country="United States of America" elevation="3002" location="White Mts." pageId="5" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[327,440,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<typeStatus box="[327,440,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
male “[
<collectingCountry box="[560,723,1152,1179]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">United States</collectingCountry>
]
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B50FFED19AF00DD2AD7FC73:7832E5F25B50FFEF1BC707AE2B5BFB4C" box="[740,876,1152,1179]" country="United States of America" name="White Mts." pageId="5" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Arizona">White Mts.</location>
AZ [
<collectingRegion box="[943,1037,1152,1179]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Arizona</collectingRegion>
] / El.
<quantity box="[140,315,1187,1214]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.00228" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.19456" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" unit="ft" value="9850.0" valueMax="12500.0" valueMin="7200.0">
<elevation box="[140,315,1187,1214]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.00228" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.19456" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" unit="ft" value="9850.0" valueMax="12500.0" valueMin="7200.0">7200-12500 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
/
<date box="[332,525,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1925-08-10" valueMax="1925-08-30" valueMin="1925-08-10">
<collectingDate box="[332,525,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1925-08-10" valueMax="1925-08-30" valueMin="1925-08-10">10-30 Aug 1925</collectingDate>
</date>
./
<collectorName box="[546,693,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">O. C. Poling</collectorName>
coll”; “Barnes collection”; “HOLO- TYPE /
<emphasis box="[233,441,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[233,427,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea">Panthea apanthea</taxonomicName>
/
</emphasis>
Anweiler” [red label]; “Photographed by
<collectorName box="[910,1009,1223,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">J.D. Gill</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1024,1090,1223,1249]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">CNC</collectionCode>
)/ 260” [orange label]; deposited in
<collectionCode box="[519,608,1258,1284]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
..
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010598" collectingDate="1986-08-06" collectorName="R. H. Leuschner" country="United States of America" county="Coconino Co." location="Oak Creek" municipality="Oak Creek Canyon" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[627,742,1258,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<typeStatus box="[627,742,1258,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(8 ♁,
<specimenCount box="[817,854,1258,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
):
<emphasis bold="true" box="[885,987,1257,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<collectingRegion box="[885,982,1257,1283]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Arizona</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Coconino Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[195,417,1293,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B50FFED19AF00DD2AD7FC73:7832E5F25B50FFEF19E00623290AFAF0" box="[195,317,1293,1319]" country="United States of America" county="Coconino Co." municipality="Oak Creek Canyon" name="Oak Creek" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Arizona">Oak Creek</location>
Canyon
</collectingMunicipality>
, 5000',
<date box="[506,632,1293,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1986-08-06">
<collectingDate box="[506,632,1293,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1986-08-06">6.viii.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[643,824,1293,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">R.H. Leuschner</collectorName>
, coll. (1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010624" collectingDate="1986-08-07" collectorName="R. H. Leuschner" country="United States of America" county="Coconino Co." location="Oak Creek" municipality="Oak Creek Canyon" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="paratype">
same locality and collector,
<date box="[298,422,1328,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1986-08-07">
<collectingDate box="[298,422,1328,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1986-08-07">7.viii.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
(2 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010601" collectingDate="1956-08-08" collectingDateMax="1956-08-15" collectingDateMin="1956-08-08" collectorName="Noel McFarland" country="United States of America" county="Coconino Co." location="7 miles west Williams" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[504,668,1328,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Coconino Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B50FFED19AF00DD2AD7FC73:7832E5F25B50FFEF1B8B061F2BA8FA9D" box="[680,927,1328,1355]" country="United States of America" county="Coconino Co." name="7 miles west Williams" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Arizona">
<quantity box="[680,760,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1265408" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" unit="mi" value="7.0">7 miles</quantity>
west Williams
</location>
,
<date box="[938,1102,1328,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1956-08-08" valueMax="1956-08-15" valueMin="1956-08-08">
<collectingDate box="[938,1102,1328,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1956-08-08" valueMax="1956-08-15" valueMin="1956-08-08">8-15.viii.1956</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[140,330,1363,1389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Noel McFarland</collectorName>
, coll. (2 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010550" collectingDate="1965-08-18" collectingDateMax="1999-08-12" collectingDateMin="1965-08-18" collectorName="R. M. Brown &amp; Sam Johnson" country="United States of America" county="El Paso Co." location="Springs" municipality="Flagstaff" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality box="[481,575,1363,1389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Flagstaff</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date box="[592,733,1363,1389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1999-08-12">
<collectingDate box="[592,733,1363,1389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1999-08-12">12.viii.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[746,904,1364,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">R. M. Brown</collectorName>
, coll. (3 ♁,
<specimenCount box="[1045,1084,1364,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,261,1398,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis box="[140,256,1398,1424]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" reason="1">
<collectingRegion box="[140,256,1398,1424]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Colorado</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty box="[268,400,1399,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">El Paso Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity box="[412,507,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" unit="mi" value="20.0">20 miles</quantity>
east
<collectingRegion box="[563,670,1399,1425]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Colorado</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B50FFED19AF00DD2AD7FC73:7832E5F25B50FFEF1B8606592ACBFA46" box="[677,764,1399,1425]" country="United States of America" county="El Paso Co." municipality="Flagstaff" name="Springs" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Colorado">Springs</location>
,
<date box="[775,916,1398,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1965-08-18">
<collectingDate box="[775,916,1398,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1965-08-18">18.viii.1965</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[927,1076,1399,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Sam Johnson</collectorName>
(1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010628" collectingDate="1965-08-16" collectionCode="CNC, RHL, RMB" collectorName="Sam Johnson" country="United States of America" location="Springs" municipality="Starr Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality box="[187,323,1434,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Starr Ranch</collectingMunicipality>
nr.
<collectingRegion box="[370,477,1434,1460]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Colorado</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B50FFED19AF00DD2AD7FC73:7832E5F25B50FFEF18C506B42A0AFA63" box="[486,573,1434,1460]" country="United States of America" municipality="Starr Ranch" name="Springs" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Colorado">Springs</location>
,
<date box="[585,726,1434,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1965-08-16">
<collectingDate box="[585,726,1434,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" value="1965-08-16">16.viii.1965</collectingDate>
</date>
, 6600',
<collectorName box="[821,974,1434,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Sam Johnson</collectorName>
, coll. (
<specimenCount box="[1055,1091,1434,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
) [
<collectionCode box="[147,216,1469,1495]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">CNC</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode box="[228,290,1470,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">RHL</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode box="[301,371,1468,1495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">RMB</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1152,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,322,1504,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis box="[185,317,1504,1530]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The name is Latin and means “not
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[739,828,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[739,828,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,” and refers to the unusual structure of the genitalia, which differ so much in appearance from other American
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[187,276,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[187,276,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1152,1672]" lastBlockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1609,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis box="[185,307,1609,1635]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The typical
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[450,538,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[450,538,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pattern will identify
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[776,906,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea">
<emphasis box="[776,792,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[807,906,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">apanthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to genus, and the very small size will separate it from all other western
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[735,823,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[735,823,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the possible excep- tion of very small males of
<emphasis box="[443,546,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[443,542,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="judyae">P. judyae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The lack of any sharply contrasting black lines on the forewings will separate it from all other
<emphasis box="[640,736,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[640,732,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Panthea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Internally the lack of sclerotized spines on the vesica and the lack of a heavily sclerotized sterigma are unique to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[140,243,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">apanthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[242,246,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">,</emphasis>
and unusual for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[440,528,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[440,528,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastBlockId="7.[140,1108,167,932]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,339,307,333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis box="[185,333,307,333]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Male and female moderately dimorphic, female larger and with darker hindwing than male; forewing length:
<quantity box="[689,802,342,369]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">4-15 mm</quantity>
(male),
<quantity box="[906,994,343,369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
(female).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,205,378,404]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" reason="1">Head</emphasis>
male antenna bipectinate, pectinations approximately 1.5 × as long as width of antennal shaft, female antenna simple; palps greatly reduced, clothed in dark brownish-gray hair-like scales.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[507,593,448,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Thorax</emphasis>
collar, thorax and tegulae a mix of dark black-brown and white hair-like scales; tegulae with two poorly defined oblique bands; femur and tibia clothed in a mixture of black and white hair; tarsus banded black and white.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[346,546,553,580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Dorsal forewing</emphasis>
with an even mixture of brownish-black and white scales, appearing gray. Lines black but not strongly contrasting with ground and difficult to trace. Basal line indicated by a small patch of black scales, antemedial line black, complete, more prominent than other lines, straight to anal vein, bending distad before continuing to lower margin; medial line faint, slightly erratic, less prominent than basal line and difficult to trace in some specimens, merging or nearly so with black scales at end of cell; postmedial line slightly more prominent and more erratic, bending distad at fold and wandering outward toward costa; subterminal line erratic, bordered on distal side mainly on upper half by a few white scales; terminal line black, broken at veins; fringe black, lightly checkered with white at veins. Normal spots obsolete, except reniform spot indicated by a small, dark, poorly defined crescent or bar at end of cell; veins lightly lined with dark scales.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Dorsal hindwing (male)</emphasis>
white with four very faint diffuse bands formed by tiny hair-like scattered gray scales, with long pale-gray hairs along inner margin and a dark gray-black terminal line; fringe dark gray black, lightly checkered at veins.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Dorsal hindwing (female)</emphasis>
as in male, but with a heavier dusting of small dark scales forming wider bands, appearing light gray overall.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[560,679,1117,1143]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Abdomen</emphasis>
covered with short stiff brownishblack and white hair-like scales.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,707,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[751,839,1152,1179]" captionStart="Figures 44-49" captionStartId="33.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[141,1083,189,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44. Lichnoptera decora, Queretero, MEX; 45. P. apanthea, El Paso Co., CO., USA; 46. P. judyae Grant Co., NM, USA; 47. P.reducta, Pedemales, DR; 48. P.gigantea, El Dorado Co., CA., USA, a. tip of uncus; 49. P. guatemala, Oaxaca MEX., a. tip of uncus, Oaxaca, b. tip of uncus, Chiapas, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771588/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
) valve relatively short, sacculus large, extending two-thirds distance across valve, with rows of small sawlike teeth along inner ridge; cucullus extending only a short distance beyond clasper, ending in a small wing-like flap folding in toward clasper; clasper large with almost half length extending past upper margin of valve, straight, tapering to a wide base; tegumen with ear-like subuncal lobes; uncus nearly obsolete, reduced to a pair of widely spaced flat rounded lobes, reminiscent of arachnid palps; aedeagus 2 × as long ventrally as dorsally; inflated vesica a short oblong sac, about 2 × as long as wide, exiting aedeagus at 90 degrees dorsad, with a large teardrop-shaped field of densely packed fleshy-appearing spines on right side near terminus; ductus exiting from terminus of vesica, oriented anteriorly.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[670,872,1504,1530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[914,1000,1504,1531]" captionStart="Figures 58-68" captionStartId="35.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[197,1038,190,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P.acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f.furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f.furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771594/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
) papillae anales large, soft, oblong, with sparse fine long setae; posterior and anterior apophyses approximately equal in size and of average length; sterigma poorly developed, lightly sclerotized, with two large shallow indentations above ostium; ductus bursae short, wide, expanding into a thicker walled wrinkled section with a series of parallel wrinkled and sclerotized “gullies” along dorsal wall, widening gradually into an oblong, thin-walled translucent corpus bursae, without signa; ductus seminalis exiting dorsad on upper right.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,167,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,496,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis box="[185,336,272,298]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
and biology.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[506,702,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea">
<emphasis box="[506,702,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Panthea apanthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only
<specimenCount box="[953,1108,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
and from only three areas in the southwestern
<collectingCountry box="[678,834,307,334]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">United States</collectingCountry>
; Coconino County and Apache County (White Mountains) in
<collectingRegion box="[598,689,343,369]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, and El Paso County in east-central
<collectingRegion box="[140,247,378,404]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Colorado</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation box="[261,344,378,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[140,174,830,852]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,811]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[141,1107,166,810]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 69. Distribution of examined specimens of P. virginarius, P. apanthea and P. judyae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771596/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
). It has been collected at moderate elevations (
<quantity box="[859,1017,378,405]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1825.0" valueMax="2150.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500-2150 m</quantity>
) during the first three weeks of August. Nothing else is known of its biology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,167,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,448,474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis box="[185,293,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The essentially obsolete uncus, poorly developed sterigma, and the replacement of the one to three large cornuti found on the aedeagus in all other species of New World
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[362,450,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[362,450,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a dense patch of fleshy spines (
<figureCitation box="[845,930,518,545]" captionStart="Figures 44-49" captionStartId="33.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[141,1083,189,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44. Lichnoptera decora, Queretero, MEX; 45. P. apanthea, El Paso Co., CO., USA; 46. P. judyae Grant Co., NM, USA; 47. P.reducta, Pedemales, DR; 48. P.gigantea, El Dorado Co., CA., USA, a. tip of uncus; 49. P. guatemala, Oaxaca MEX., a. tip of uncus, Oaxaca, b. tip of uncus, Chiapas, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771588/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
), are all unique among the New World
<emphasis box="[421,516,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[421,513,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Panthea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However, similar fields of small spines are present in other genera of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1898" box="[355,479,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pantheinae">Pantheinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[488,517,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<taxonomicName authority="(Morrison)" baseAuthorityName="Morrison" box="[541,880,589,616]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Lichnoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis box="[541,746,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Lichnoptera decora</emphasis>
(Morrison)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[897,983,589,615]" captionStart="Figures 44-49" captionStartId="33.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[141,1083,189,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44. Lichnoptera decora, Queretero, MEX; 45. P. apanthea, El Paso Co., CO., USA; 46. P. judyae Grant Co., NM, USA; 47. P.reducta, Pedemales, DR; 48. P.gigantea, El Dorado Co., CA., USA, a. tip of uncus; 49. P. guatemala, Oaxaca MEX., a. tip of uncus, Oaxaca, b. tip of uncus, Chiapas, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771588/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Colocasia coryli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.), as well as in
<taxonomicName authority="Thony" authorityName="Thony" box="[402,648,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnyi">
<emphasis box="[402,567,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Panthea ronnyi</emphasis>
Thony
</taxonomicName>
, recently described from North
<collectingCountry box="[1009,1107,624,650]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thony H" box="[147,293,659,686]" journalOrPublisher="Facetta" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" pagination="31 - 36" part="13" refId="ref18655" refString="Thony H (1996) Zwei neue Arten aus Nord Vietnam, Trisuloides gerri sp. n. und Panthea ronnyi sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Pantheinae). Facetta 13 (2): 31 - 36." title="Zwei neue Arten aus Nord Vietnam, Trisuloides gerri sp. n. und Panthea ronnyi sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Pantheinae)" type="journal article" year="1996">Thony 1996</bibRefCitation>
). This suggests that the large sclerotized cornuti present in all other New World taxa is a derived character, and that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[637,768,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea">
<emphasis box="[637,653,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[669,768,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">apanthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most basal of the New World
<emphasis box="[219,516,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[219,311,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Panthea</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[322,516,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea">Panthea apanthea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has such divergent genitalia that an argument could be made for placing it in a genus of its own; however, in all other characters (form of the bipectinate antenna in male; reduced, apparently non-functional mouthparts and palps; overall color and pattern) it is placed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[681,769,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[681,769,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to maintain a more inclusive concept of the genus. DNA barcode fragment data of
<emphasis box="[774,823,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">cox1</emphasis>
mtDNA (
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnasingham S &amp; Hebert PDN" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Notes" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" pagination="355 - 364" part="7" refId="ref18413" refString="Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN (2007) BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 355 - 364." title="BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System" type="journal article" year="2007">Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007</bibRefCitation>
) also places
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[476,575,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apanthea">
<emphasis box="[476,575,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">apanthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[641,729,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[641,729,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Panthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>